Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-06-24T18:05:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Luce Madeira.pdf: 1223122 bytes, checksum: 8e2c533e22a69c93c75cbf30e5ce6008 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-24T18:05:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Luce Madeira.pdf: 1223122 bytes, checksum: 8e2c533e22a69c93c75cbf30e5ce6008 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-25 / Nenhuma / Incluída a mulher na universalidade dos direitos humanos, através de normativas internacionais e nacionais de Estados democráticos, persistem existindo barreiras a dificultar a concretização da igualdade de gênero. O reconhecimento dos direitos das mulheres trouxe novos dilemas e terrenos de disputa para a discriminação de gênero, que segue sendo vivenciada por mulheres nos âmbitos público e privado. Necessário assim analisar a vulnerabilidade de gênero, a partir do aprofundamento da definição do termo através da Bioética. Nesse novo e incerto contexto, torna-se propício o estudo dos casos envolvendo a vulnerabilidade de gênero que atinge mulheres no Sistema Regional Interamericano, especificamente na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, com identificação de standards relacionados ao tema. Os standards têm o propósito de aperfeiçoamento da jurisprudência do Sistema Internacional Regional, compreendendo não apenas o desenvolvimento do Direito Internacional, mas, ainda, sua aplicação no direito interno dos Estados. Amplia-se assim a repercussão das decisões internacionais relativas à vulnerabilidade de gênero que atinge a mulher. No curso do estudo, é verificada em que medida os standards identificados se correlacionam com o conceito de vulnerabilidade de gênero. Também é analisada a incorporação de pressupostos de tratamento especial para a garantia e a efetividade de direitos de grupos vulneráveis que permeia a atuação dos sistemas internacionais de proteção dos Direitos Humanos. / Although women have been included in the universality of human rights, by means of international laws and legal texts of democratic national states, barriers that difficult the concretion of gender equality persist. The recognition of women rights brought new dilemmas and fields of dispute to the gender discrimination, which continues to be experienced by women in the public and private spheres. It is necessary therefore to analyze the gender vulnerability by the deepening of the vulnerability concept through bioethics. In this new and uncertain context, it is convenient the study of cases on gender vulnerability involving women in the Inter-american Regional System, specifically in the Inter-american Court of Human Rights, identifying standards related to the issue. The standards intend to improve the Interamerican Regional System jurisprudence, comprehending not just the development of International Law but also its aplication in the internal laws of the states. Thereby the repercussions of the international decisions related to the gender vulnerability that the women face become amplified. Along the study it is verified the correlation degree between the standards that have been identified and the concept of gender vulnerability. It is analized as well the incorporation of presuppositions of special treatment to the guaranty and effectiveness of the vulnerable groups rights which permeates the acting of the international human rights protection systems.

Submitted by Daniella Santos (daniella.santos@ufma.br) on 2017-06-26T12:19:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe José.pdf: 1342434 bytes, checksum: 5a0c3e5a2c327e14423c9bba8bb6648c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T12:19:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe José.pdf: 1342434 bytes, checksum: 5a0c3e5a2c327e14423c9bba8bb6648c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / This dissertation analyzes, from a qualitative research based on the critical dialectical method, which are the obstacles that have prevented the Inter-American Court of Human Rights sentence rendered in Gomes Lund and others Vs. Brazil from being fully complished and the extent to which these obstacles compromise their potential contribution to the realization of transitional justice in the country and to the fight against human rights violations practiced by the Brazilian State. After the presentation of the human rights theory considered appropriate for the investigation and considerations of the configuration and functioning of the Inter-American Human Rights System, an analysis was made of the cases judged by the Inter-American Court that involved Brazil before the case Gomes Lund and others Vs. Brazil. Next, a critical analysis of the concept of transitional justice and the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court on this matter was made. Then, after analyzing the Brazilian military dictatorship, the process of redemocratization of the country and the first justransicional measures adopted in Brazil, an approach was made on the “Guerrilha do Araguaia” and on the proceeding of the case Gomes Lund and others Vs. Brazil in the Commission and in the Inter- American Court of Human Rights. Finally, it was discussed about the judgment of the Inter- American Court rendered in the forementioned case, as well as to the measures taken by the Brazilian State to ccomplish it and the obstacles that have prevented its full accomplishment. The main conclusions reached are related to the fact that the prevalence of a normativeinstitutional approach in the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, as well as historical, cultural and political lements of the Brazilian scenario, has undermined the potential of the sentence to ontribute to the transitional justice in the country and to combat violations of human rights practiced by the Brazilian State. / Esta tesis analiza, a partir de una investigación cualitativa guiado por el método crítico dialéctico, cuáles son los obstáculos que han impedido que la sentencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos dictadas en el caso Gomes Lund y otros contra Brasil se cumple plenamente y en qué medida estos obstáculos comprometen su potencial para contribuir a la realización de la justicia de transición en el país y para combatir violaciónes de los derechos humanos por parte del Estado brasileño. Después de la presentación de la teoría de los derechos humanos que se considera más adecuada para la investigación y de las consideraciones acerca de la configuración y el funcionamiento del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, se hizo un análisis de los casos juzgados por la Corte Interamericana que implican Brasil, antes del caso Gomes Lund y otros vs. Brasil. A continuación, se realizó un análisis crítico del concepto de justicia de transición y de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana en la materia. Entonces, después de analizar la dictadura militar brasileña, el proceso de democratización del país y las primeras medidas justransicionales adoptadas en Brasil, hubo una discusión de la Guerrilla del Araguaia y el procesamiento del caso Gomes Lund y otros Vs. Brasil en la Comisión y en la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Por fin, se habló sobre la sentencia de la Corte Interamericana dada en el caso antes mencionado, así como sobre las medidas adoptadas por el gobierno brasileño para cumplirla, y sobre los obstáculos que han impedido su pleno cumplimiento. Las principales conclusiones se refieren al hecho de que la prevalencia de un enfoque jurídico-institucional en el actuacíon de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, así como los elementos históricos, culturales y políticos del escenario brasileño han minado el potencial de la sentencia para contribuir a la realización de la justicia de transición en el país y para combatir violaciónes de los derechos humanos por parte del Estado brasileño. / A presente dissertação analisa, a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa pautada no método crítico dialético, quais são os obstáculos que têm impedido que a sentença da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos proferida no caso Gomes Lund e outros Vs. Brasil seja cumprida integralmente e em que medida esses obstáculos comprometem o seu potencial de contribuição para a efetivação da justiça de transição no país e para o combate às violações de direitos humanos praticadas pelo Estado brasileiro. Após a apresentação da teoria acerca dos direitos humanos que se considera adequada para a pesquisa e de considerações sobre a configuração e o funcionamento do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos, foi feita uma análise dos casos julgados pela Corte Interamericana que envolveram o Brasil, anteriores ao caso Gomes Lund e outros Vs. Brasil. Em seguida, foi feita uma análise crítica do conceito de justiça de transição e da jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana sobre a matéria. Então, depois de se analisar a ditadura militar brasileira, o processo de redemocratização do país e as primeiras medidas justransicionais adotadas no Brasil, fez-se uma abordagem sobre a Guerrilha do Araguaia e sobre a tramitação do caso Gomes Lund e outros Vs. Brasil na Comissão e na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Por fim, discorreu-se sobre a sentença da Corte Interamericana proferida no caso acima mencionado, bem como sobre as medidas adotadas pelo Estado brasileiro para cumpri-la e sobre os obstáculos que têm impedido o seu cumprimento integral. As principais conclusões obtidas dizem respeito à constatação de que a prevalência de uma abordagem normativo-institucional na atuação da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, bem como elementos históricos, culturais e políticos do cenário brasileiro têm prejudicado o potencial da sentença de contribuir para a efetivação da justiça de transição no país e para o combate às violações de direitos humanos praticadas pelo Estado brasileiro.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-11-18T16:10:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daiane Moura de Aguiar_.pdf: 2107632 bytes, checksum: 40f3cc9776319a8600183b8232d19abb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-18T16:10:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daiane Moura de Aguiar_.pdf: 2107632 bytes, checksum: 40f3cc9776319a8600183b8232d19abb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-15 / Nenhuma / O fenômeno da internacionalização do direito possui como um dos seus desafios os Direitos Humanos. Nesse sentido, analisar a dinâmica desse processo múltiplo e repleto de interdependências normativas- que retiram de seu espaço cômodo as categorias estáveis do direito interno e internacional - são a tônica que percorreu a pesquisa. Com efeito, a presente tese aprofundou sua investigação e focou sua atenção no cumprimento das sentenças proferidas pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, revelando os métodos de interação entre a ordem interna e a ordem internacional. Para essa reflexão se esquadrinhou as dinâmicas que levaram no correr do século XX e XXI à internacionalização dos Direitos Humanos, perquirindo seus substratos teóricos e práticos. Da mesma forma, foram analisados os mecanismos de aproximação entre o que é decidido na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos por meio de suas sentenças e as possibilidades de implementação desses comandos em solo doméstico, apurando processos institucionais que dificultam ou facilitam o reconhecimento e cumprimento dessas sentenças. Nesse sentido, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e jurisprudencial, utilizando de método fenomenológico, avaliou-se que é necessário reconhecer a humanidade no âmago do seu entendimento e não somente quando esta já está violada e solapada de seus direitos. A força de reprovação das normas deve vir conectada com o poder de proteção, firmada de modo positivo a prevenir que ocorram as violações. Assim, cabe aos juristas reconhecer essas mudanças e sedimentar a defesa convencional dos direitos da humanidade. / The internationalization of Law phenomenon has, as one of its challenges, the Human Rights. Therefore, the emphasis that ran through the research was to analyze the dynamics of this multiple process, full with normative interdependencies– that push stable categories of domestic and international law out of the comfort zone. Indeed, this thesis deepened the investigation and focused its attention on the compliance with judgments from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, revealing the methods of interaction between internal and international law. To this reflection, the research searched the dynamics that took to internationalization of Human Rights during the XX and XXI centuries, inquiring its theoretical and practical foundations. Likewise, the research analyzed the mechanisms of approximation between what is decided in the Inter-American Court of Human Rights through its judgments and the possibilities of implementation of these orders in domestic area, checking institutional processes that ease or hinder the acknowledgment and compliance of these judgments. Therefore, through bibliographic, documental and jurisprudential research, using the phenomenological method, it was evaluated that it is necessary to recognize humanity at the core of its understanding, and not only when its rights are already violated and undermined. The reprobation side of norms must be connected to the power of protection, firmed in a positive way to prevent violations to occur. Thus, it is up to jurists to recognize these changes and to consolidate the conventional defense for Human Rights.

- PROCEDURAL STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS BEFORE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COURTS The position of international NGOs within the system of international law or specifically their position before individual international bodies is a topic that the international law theory does not consider very much. Hence, this master's thesis aims to present what role do the international NGOs play in the international arena and particularly places the focus on the procedural roles they may take upon in the european and the inter-american human rights systems. The thesis is divided into 3 main parts and several chapters. The first part deals with the history of international NGOs and delimiting the term. Regarding the latter several definitions are presented and assessed and the differences between the international NGOs and transnational corporations are drawn. The thesis then explores the position of international NGOs as subjects of international law and their role in human rights protection which reflects the topis of the thesis. The second part is devoted to particular roles of international NGOs before the selected courts. The first chapter deconstructs the institute of amicus curiae including the way it is embeded into the systems of both courts and the way it is made use of. This...

The evolving relationship between international human rights law and criminal law is marked by a passage from a role of moderation to one of legitimization. While international human rights law was previously critical of criminal law as an instrument of state repression, the last few decades witnessed a shift towards a victim-centred conception of criminal law as a means to protect and enforce certain human rights. This contrasts with a liberal conception of human rights as a check on the power of the state through the use of its criminal law authority. This development manifests itself through what may be dubbed the "criminalization” of Inter-American human rights law. This contribution explores this phenomenon of “criminalization” and its various illustrations, particularly through the Inter-American Court of Human Rights’ discourse with respect to amnesty laws and prescription. / El desarrollo de las relaciones entre el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos y el Derecho Penal está signado por una función de moderación hacia una de legitimación/ justificación de la aplicación del Derecho Penal. Mientras los Derechos Humanos inicialmente fueron críticos del Derecho Penal, como instrumento de represión estatal; las últimas décadas atestiguan un giro hacia una conceptualización del Derecho Penal centrado en la víctima, como medio para proteger y resguardar determinados derechos humanos. Este giro desafía la perspectiva liberal que concibe los derechos humanos como un mecanismo de control ante el poder estatal y que se ejerce mediante el Derecho Penal. Este desarrollo se manifiesta a través de lo que podría ser denominado la “penalización" de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Este trabajo contribuye a la exploración del fenómeno de la “penalización” y sus diversas variantes. Particularmente, en el discurso de la Corte Interamericana de los Derechos Humanos, con especial énfasis en su postura ante las leyes de amnistía y la institución de la prescripción de la acción penal.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-08-09T13:19:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1717181 bytes, checksum: daa1af0d8c4c828526f2c45a1a83b1e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T13:19:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1717181 bytes, checksum: daa1af0d8c4c828526f2c45a1a83b1e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / This essay intends to contribute to the study of the historical, political and legal factors for which Brazil is the only country, among those of South America that lived under military dictatorships, in which state agents who commit serious violations of human rights during the authoritarian regime (including crimes against humanity) are not criminally punished. In order to achieve its objective this work takes the "Araguaia Guerrilla Case" as a basis for analyzing the conflicting ways in which four institutions – the highest Brazilian Justice court, i.e. the Supreme Court, and the Brazilian State, on one side, and the Brazilian Advocates Order and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, on the other side – comprehend the Brazilian Amnesty Law (Law n° 6.683/1979). Conflicting interpretations of the mentioned law put Brazilian Transitional Justice and Inter-American System of Human Rights Protection on opposite sides, specifically with regard to the issue of revision of the Amnesty Law for the purpose of criminal punishment. After examining in detail the postures assumed by the actors involved in the case and the principal legal aspects of the matter, one comes to the conclusion that Brazilian Government, by keeping its posture and not prosecuting and punishing those criminal State agents – obligation for which Brazil was convicted in the sentence issued by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights – became guilty by an international illicit, fact that puts in doubt one of the fundamental aspects of Brazilian Transitional Justice. / O presente trabalho pretende contribuir para o estudo dos fatores históricos, políticos e jurídicos pelos quais o Brasil é o único país, entre aqueles da América do Sul que viveram sob ditaduras militares, no qual os agentes do Estado que cometeram graves violações aos direitos humanos durante o regime autoritário (incluindo-se crimes contra a humanidade) não são criminalmente punidos. A fim de alcançar esse objetivo, o trabalho aborda o “Caso Guerrilha do Araguaia” como base para a análise do modo conflitante pelo qual quatro instituições – a mais alta corte de justiça brasileira, o Supremo Tribunal Federal, e o Estado brasileiro, de um lado, e a Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil e a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, de outro – compreendem a Lei da Anistia brasileira (Lei nº 6.683/1979). As interpretações antagônicas da mencionada lei colocam a Justiça de Transição brasileira e o Sistema Interamericano de Proteção dos Direitos Humanos em lados opostos, especificamente no que se refere ao tema da revisão da Lei da Anistia para efeito de punição criminal. Após a análise minuciosa das posturas assumidas pelos atores em jogo e os principais aspectos jurídicos da questão, chega-se à conclusão de que o Governo brasileiro, por não processar nem punir aqueles agentes de Estado criminosos – obrigação pela qual foi condenado na sentença emitida pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos – tornou-se culpado por ato ilícito internacional, fato que põe em dúvida um dos aspectos fundamentais da Justiça de Transição brasileira.

Recently, the interaction between International Human Rights Law (IHRL) and International Humanitarian Law (IHL) has been significantly developed by the jurisprudence of the Inter- American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR). This article analyzes this recent trend from the cases of the Santo Domingo Massacreand Afro communities displaced from the Cacarica River Basin (Operation Genesis) of this tribunal to assert its competence not only to use IHL to interpret the Inter-American human rights instruments but, at the same time, to approach a direct use of humanitarian standards, which creates a gray area between the interpretation and application of such area of Law. In doing so, the Court resorts to the lex specialis if the IHL norm is the most specialized for the case, and uses IHL to a limited extent, only to expand the content of human rights, but not to judge on possible violations of IHL, which results in a methodology of pick and choose of IHL provisions. / Recientemente, la interacción entre el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos (DIDH) y el Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH) ha sido desarrollada significativamente en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (Corte IDH). Este artículo analiza la tendencia reciente de los casos Masacre de Santo Domingo y Comunidades Afrodescendientes desplazadas de la cuenca del río Cacarica (Operación Génesis) de este tribunal para afirmar su competencia no solo para utilizar el DIH al interpretar los instrumentos interamericanos de derechos humanos, pero, al mismo tiempo, para aproximarse a la utilización directa de las normas humanitarias, lo que genera una zona gris entre la interpretación y aplicación de esta área del Derecho. Al hacerlo, la Corte recurre a la lex specialis si la norma del DIH es la más especializada para el caso; y utiliza el DIH hasta cierto límite, solamente para expandir el contenido de los derechos humanos, pero no para juzgar posibles violaciones del DIH, lo que resulta en una metodología de pick and choose (selectiva) de las normas del DIH.

This article addresses diverse perspectives concerning relationship between reviewing (laws) for compliance and the process of putting international law of human rights on a constitutional footing. Therefore, a parallel is established between reviewing (laws) for compliance and constitutional review (laws) in order to outline features and application impact of this research. The design of a multi-level protection system for fundamental rights in Latin America is also discussed in this article. / El presente artículo aborda aspectos relativos a la relación entre el control de convencionalidad y el proceso de constitucionalización del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. Así, se establece un paralelo entre el control de convencionalidad y el control de constitucionalidad, a fin de determinar las características y el impacto de la aplicación del examen mencionado. El documento da cuenta de la configuración de un sistema de protección multinivel de los derechos fundamentales en Latinoamérica.

Gender violence in Mexico is a problem that affects its society on a long- term basis. Its most extreme form known as feminicide, that is a gender- based murder of women, appears with so much frequency that it can be considered a structural problem yet. Mexico is one of the countries with most cases in Latin America, however, insufficient and ineffective measures taken by the state facilitate their perpetration which is often immune from prosecution. This thesis aims to approximate the issue to the reader and explain the concept of feminicide in given context within its complexity. For that purpose, a process tracing analysis of two selected cases is done; starting from their perpetration to their sentencing by judicial instances. The sentences of both cases became very important milestones. The factors that contributed to the outcome are tracked and afterwards a comparison of tracked causal mechanisms is done. As it was already mentioned, the cases were not selected randomly. Not only are they important for their sentences, but moreover they took place in two Mexican states with traditionally high numbers of committed feminicides, that is in Chihuahua and Mexico State. The results of the analysis suggest that even though Mexico has signed the most important international conventions about women's...

La réparation internationale de dommages individuels est un sujet assez nouveau et peu réglementé en droit des gens. Chapitre manquant du droit de la responsabilité internationale de l’État tel qu’il a été codifié par la Commission du droit international des Nations Unies dans son Projet d’articles sur la responsabilité de l’État pour fait internationalement illicite (2001), la responsabilité internationale de l’État à l’égard de l’individu trouve dans la jurisprudence de la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme un environnement salutaire à son développement. Jouissant d’une compétence large en matière de réparations conférée par l’article 63§1 de la Convention américaine des droits de l’homme, la Cour interaméricaine a développé une jurisprudence très riche et originale qui fournit un ensemble coordonné de règles et principes permettant de dégager un régime juridique de la réparation de dommages individuels dans le cadre de rapports transétatiques. L’étude du régime de réparations interaméricain permet d’identifier que ses spécificités – liées à la nature transétatique du rapport de responsabilité et à la nature grave des violations qu’on retrouve dans le contentieux régional – n’impliquent pas un détournement des règles classiques de la responsabilité internationale mais plutôt leur complétion : le régime juridique de la réparation qui se dégage de la jurisprudence de la Cour interaméricaine contribue définitivement à combler les lacunes du droit des gens ayant trait à la discipline de la réparation internationale de dommages soufferts par des personnes privées. / The international reparation of damages suffered by individuals is a relatively new subject that hasn´t received the amount of attention it deserves from international law. The international responsibility of the State towards individuals is indeed a topic missing from the Draft articles on responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts adopted in 2001 by the United Nations International Law Commission, which was mainly featured to discipline the responsibility of a State towards another State. The jurisprudence of the Inter - American Court of Human Rights might considerably contribute to filling this important gap in the law of international responsibility. Taking advantage of its large competence to order reparation measures according to article 63§1 of the American Convention of Human Rights, the Inter-American Court has developed a substantial and original jurisprudence leading to the establishment of a legal regime on the reparation of individual damages on the basis of the international responsibility of the State. From the study of the inter -american regime on reparations, it can be inferred that its specificities – deriving from the particular character of the State responsibility towards the individual and from the seriousness of the human rights violations brought to the Court – do not lead to a diversion from the general rules on State responsibility, but rather to their completion: the legal regime of reparation that comes out from the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court definitely contributes in filling the lacunas of international law with regards to the discipline of the international reparation of damages caused to private persons.