In recent years, the area of e-sports has been growing rapidly and has consequentially drawn attention from the general public as well as researchers. However, research in this area still remains sparse, especially concerning the psycho-social work environment of e-sports professionals. This is even more true when referring to research that includes the individual perspective of pro-players. To provide more knowledge in this area, this study aims to explore what psychosocial aspects are mentioned by pro-players in documentary interviews and investigate if the experiences portrayed could be understood using a theoretical perspective by applying the JD-R theory. This study is based on 12 docu-series episodes featuring two League of Legends teams where 10 different pro-players participated. The research sample could both be considered availability sampling, since the data was already available, and purposeful sampling, choosing a sample consisting of pro-players. The episodes were transcribed and then analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Many psycho-social aspects emerged from the analysis, resulting in two higher themes where the first theme “Working as a pro-player” portrays what the profession entails and the second, “The interdependent work”, depicts the experience of being a pro, a teammate and an individual at the same time. By applying the JD-R theory on the aspects mentioned, it was concluded that these experiences indeed could be understood using a theoretical approach, providing incentives to conduct future research in the area. Possible areas of research interest were also presented in relation to this. / E-sport är att område som snabbt har vuxit under senare år,vilket har attraherat uppmärksamhetfrån allmänhetenoch forskare. Forskning på området bedrivs dockfortfarande relativt infrekvent, speciellt när det gäller de professionella e-sportspelarnas psykosociala arbetsmiljö. Detta är speciellt framträdande närdet kommer till att inkludera individuella perspektiv från spelarna. För att bidra till mer kunskap inom området syftar denna studie till att undersöka vilka psykosociala aspekter som omnämns av spelare i dokumentära intervjuer samt undersöka om dessa upplevelser kan förstås utifrån ett teoretiskt perspektiv genom att tillämpa JD-R-teorin. Denna studie baseras på 12 avsnitt från två League och Legends-lagdär 10 olika spelare deltar.Urvalet kan både anses som bekvämlighetsurval, eftersom datan redan fannstillgänglig, och strategiskt urval, då urvalet inkluderade professionella spelare.Avsnitten transkriberades och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Många psykososociala aspekter framträddefrån analysen vilket resulterade i två högre teman där det första temat ”Att arbeta som en pro player” porträtterarvad professionen innebär och den andra, ”Det avhängiga arbetet”, beskriver upplevelsen av att vara en professionell spelare, en lagkamrat och en individ samtidigt. Genom att applicera JD-R-teorin på de omnämnda aspekterna fastslogs det att dessa upplevelser kan bli förstådda genom en teoretisk ansats, vilket ger incitamentatt bedriva framtid forskning inom området. Möjliga forskningsområden av intressepresenterades även i relation till detta.

This research explores the relationship between job insecurity, organisational commitment and work engagement amongst staff in a tertiary institution. The research was conducted through computer-aided telephone interviews and self-completion techniques. Of the total population (N=4460), a proportion of survey participants (n=260) were selected using a two-stage stratified probability sampling technique, proportional to size, across the different departments. Three instruments were administered among the survey participants, namely the Job Insecurity Scale (JIS), the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). On the basis of the outcome of the study, a theoretical relationship was determined between job insecurity (JIS), organisational commitment (OCQ) and work engagement (UWES). An empirical study provided evidence on the relationship that exists between the three concepts. The results revealed that a statistically significant relationship exists between JIS and OQC as well as UWES, although the relationship is positive and weak (r=.286** for OCQ; r=.270** for UWES). These results are incongruent with previous studies and might suggest that previous studies failed to examine whether the nature and strength of the relationships between job security and its outcomes are different in situations with different levels of insecurity or threat. However, further analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between some of the subscales. For instance, a positive statistically significant relationship was observed between perceived powerlessness and affective commitment (r=.304**), vigour (r=.346**), dedication (r=.350**) and absorption (r=.279**). The results imply that as participants feel insecure about the various job features and the job as a whole, they simultaneously express their commitment and energy as well as dedication to their work responsibilities and the organisation. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial & Organisational Psychology)

Idrotten som fenomen har globalt liksom i Sverige blivit allt mer kommersialiserat och professionaliserat. Detta för med sig att idrottssektorn idag i större utsträckning har börjat ha heltidsanställda inom föreningarna. Detta gäller för både de stora föreningarna som bedriver elitverksamhet och de mindre föreningarna som bedriver breddverksamhet. Ökad professionalisering av idrott innebär även större krav på både föreningarna och dess anställda att leverera goda resultat. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa hur anställda inom bredd- fotbollsföreningar, upplever den psykosociala arbetsmiljön och arbetsrelaterad stress på sina arbetsplatser. Studiens övergripande frågeställning var: Hur upplever de anställda fotbollstränarna sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö och arbetsrelaterad stress? Utifrån studiens syfte valdes den kvalitativa forskningsmetoden med semi-strukturerade intervjuer. För insamling av empiri, intervjuades fyra anställda från fyra olika bredd-fotbollsföreningar. Analysen av empiri har skett genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studiens resultat visade att hälften av respondenterna upplevde stressnivån som lagom och andra hälften upplevde att den arbetsrelaterade stressen var på för hög nivå. För att summera respondenternas generella uppfattning av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön var den överlag positiv, samtliga respondenter berättade att de mådde- och trivdes bra på jobbet. Utifrån studiens resultat är det framförallt det sociala stödet som lyfts fram som en nyckelfaktor till den positiva upplevelsen av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. / Sports as a phenomenon have become increasingly commercialized and professionalized globally as in Sweden. This means that the sports sector today has more full-time employees within the associations. This applies to both the major associations engaged in elite activities and smaller associations with broad-based activities. Increased Professionalization of sport also implies greater demands on both the associations and its employees to deliver good results. The purpose of this study was to create an understanding of how employees in football associations, experience the psychosocial work environment and work-related stress at their workplaces. In order to achieve the purpose of the study following question was asked: How do the football coaches experience their psychosocial work environment and work-related stress? Based on the purpose of the study, the qualitative research method was chosen with semi-structured interviews. For this study, four employees were interviewed from four different football associations. The analysis of data has been done with a qualitative content analysis. The study results showed that half of the respondents experienced that stress level at work was relatively normal and the other half felt that the work-related stress was too high. To sum up the respondents' general perception of the psychosocial work environment, all respondents reported that they felt good and enjoyed working. Based on the results of the study, it is primarily social support that is a key factor in the overall positive experience of the psychosocial work environment.

Vårt gemensamma intresse för arbetsmiljö grundade idén till denna studie, vårt examensarbete, vars syfte är att beskriva lärares arbetssituation med fokus på psykosocial arbetsmiljö och arbetsvillkor samt vilken betydelse ledarskapet har för den individuella arbetsmiljöupplevelsen. Den teoretiska referensramen har sitt fokus på psykosocial arbetsmiljö och behandlar områden som ledarskap, krav-kontroll-stöd modellen, arbetsrelaterad stress, kommunikation samt lärares arbetsvillkor. Metoden är av kvalitativ karaktär där sex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med fem lärare och en rektor som alla är yrkesverksamma inom grundskolan. Resultatet visar att lärarna upplever en hög arbetsbörda av administrativ karaktär som behöver minskas för att arbetssituationen ska anses som hanterbar och bidra till ett hållbart arbetsliv. De lärare som ansåg sig ha en rimlig arbetsbelastning har tillgång till stöd, något som de som upplever sig ha en för tung arbetsbelastning saknar. En tematisering av de centrala områden som kunde utläsas ur respondenternas svar upprättades: arbetsbelastning, kommunikation, behovet av stöd och ledarskap, synen på ledarskap samt lärarrollen och det pedagogiska uppdraget. Resultatet analyserades sedan med hjälp av den teoretiska referensramen. De slutsatser som vi kan dra av studien är att det är tre variabler som är avgörande för lärares upplevelser gällande den egna arbetssituationen: tid, stöd och kommunikation. Om dessa variabler är närvarande i verksamheten tenderar personalen att trivas bättre men i de fall dessa variabler däremot är helt frånvarande tenderar det således att få motsatt effekt, en omotiverad och oengagerad personal. Ledare inom skolväsendet bör således arbeta kontinuerligt och strukturerat med dessa tre variabler för att motverka den negativa trenden med sjukskrivningar och uppsägningar bland lärare i den svenska skolan. / Our common interest in the work environment founded the idea of this study, our bachelor degree project, which aims at describing the teachers' work situation with a focus on psychosocial work environment and working conditions and the importance of leadership for the individual work environment experience. The theoretical frame of reference focuses on the psychosocial work environment and addresses areas such as leadership, job-demand-control-support model, work-related stress, communication and teachers' working conditions. The method is of a qualitative nature, in which six semistructured interviews were conducted with five teachers and one principal, all of whom are employed in elementary school. The result shows that teachers experience a high level of administrative burden that needs to be reduced in order for the work situation to be considered manageable and contribute to a sustainable working life. The teachers who considered themselves having a reasonable workload have access to support, something that those who find themselves having a too heavy workload are missing. A thematisation of the key areas that could be read from the respondents' answers was established: workload, the need for support and leadership, the view of leadership, and the role of teacher and the educational task. Then the result was analyzed using the theoretical reference frame. The conclusions we can draw from the study are that there are three variables that are crucial for teachers' experiences regarding their own work environment: time, support and communication. If these variables are present in the business, the staff tend to feel better, but if these variables are completely absent, they tend to have the opposite effect, an unmotivated and unattended staff. Leaders in the school system should thus work continuously and structured with these three variables to counteract the negative trend of sick leave and redundancies among teachers in the Swedish school.

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / This study investigated how Work-Family Conflict was related to Role Salience and Job level (investigated in terms of the amount of job demand and job control associated with different job levels) among women from a Collectivistic culture. A sample of 65 teachers was used. Although the results of the study showed no correlations between Work-Family Conflict and both role salience and job level, this was attributed to the high data skewness, thereby reducing the chances of detecting correlations. The high positive data skewness was possibly caused by the floor effect, which was the situation that the sample consisted of only female teachers from a Collectivistic culture. The high negative data skewness was possibly caused by the ceiling effect, which is the situation that the women in this sample have a Collectivistic cultural orientation, and are therefore highly likely to consider their home role as more salient. Moreover, correlations between Work Family Conflict and Job demand have been found to be higher in Individualistic cultures compared to Collectivistic cultures. There also seems to be no differences in job control among teachers occupying different job levels, and hence, no correlations were detected. Further analyses depicted that the teachers within this sample considered their home role as more salient. Moreover, despite their commitment to both their home role and occupational role, the data indicated that the sample experienced low levels of Work Family conflict. / South Africa

The workplace is an arena that most individuals spend time at. Work-related stress and psychosomatic complaints are problems for the society. Work-related stress has increased in Sweden over the past decades. The aim was to investigate the difference between men and women in work-related stress and psychosomatic complaints among working adults in the Swedish population, and to see if there is a relationship between work-related stress and psychosomatic complaints. The author posted an online survey on Facebook and Discord and 95 adults answered the survey. The result showed that there is a relationship between work-related stress and psychosomatic complaints. Psychosomatic complaints are more common among those who experience more work-related stress. There were no differences between men and women when it comes to work-related stress and psychosomatic complaints. The model Job demand control support model was used in this study. The model is measured with scales such as workload, time pressure and role conflicts. It can be used to see the relationship between job decision latitude and stress indicators. Psychosomatic complaints are more common among those who experience more stress. There are no differences between men and women when it comes to psychosomatic complaints and work-related stress.

På senare år har den arbetsrelaterade psykiska ohälsan stått för stora delar av sjukskrivningarna. Man har sett ett mönster mellan långtidssjukskrivningar och de yrkeskategorier som upplevt en ökning mellan psykiska krav och möjligheten för individerna att anpassa sitt egna arbete. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur trafikkonsulenter inom flygsektorn subjektivt upplevt sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö under pandemin. I studien användes QPSNordic som mätverktyg. Totalt var det 82 deltagare som besvarade enkäten, och 72% av de var kvinnor. Studiens resultat jämfördes med QPSNordics referensdata (N=2010) och två separata Pearson korrelationsanalyser genomfördes. Resultatet visade ett positivt signifikant samband mellan socialt stöd och kontroll i arbetet. Medelvärdena i referensdata skiljde sig framförallt åt i skalan ”kontroll av arbetstakt”. Resultaten visade att trafikkonsulenter som upplevde hög grad av socialt stöd också upplevde en hög grad av kontroll i sitt arbete, vilket också stöds i tidigare forskning. / In recent years, work-related mental ill-health has increasingly caused long-time sick leave, and a pattern has been seen, showing increased long-term sick leave for the occupational categories that have increased mental demands and less possibility for employees to control their own work. The purpose of this study was to study how traffic consultants in the aviation industry subjectively experienced their psychosocial work environment during the Covid-19 pandemic. QPSNordic, a questionnaire designed to study psychological, social and organizational working conditions, was used as measurement tool. A total of 82 participants answered the survey, 72% women and 28% men. The results of the study were compared with QPSNordic's reference data (N = 2010), and two separate Pearson correlation analyzes were performed. The results showed a positive significant relationship between social support and individual control of work. The mean values in the reference data differed mainly in the scale range: control of work rate. The results showed that traffic consultants who experienced a high degree of social support also experienced a high degree of control in their work, which corresponds with prior research.

The present study examines how the relationship between workplace bullying and mental health can be influenced by emotional exhaustion, and how the intensity in this relationship can be affected by the individual’s psychological capital, and access to social support from colleagues and supervisors. The studys theoretical framework is based on the Job Demand-Control-Support model, the Job Demands-Resources model and the Conservation of Resources theory. Data were collected at Indian workplaces and included 139 participants. The study used a self-report questionnaire and was analyzed with mediation and moderation as main analysis methods. In line with previous research, results showed that psychological capital as a whole moderated the negative effects on mental health that follow from being exposed to workplace bullying. Emotional exhaustion was found to be a mediator in the association between workplace bullying and mental health problems. Psycological capital resilience fully moderated the mediating association between workplace bullying and mental health problems via emotional exhaustion. Psychological capital optimism moderated the association between bullying and emotional exhaustion, but not the full mediation. Social support was shown not to moderate the negative effects of workplace bullying on mental health, which does not support previous findings.

Studien syftade till att undersöka på vilket sätt arbetsrelaterad self-efficacy predicerade de arbetsrelaterade stressorerna krav, kontroll och socialt stöd hos verksamma inom kontaktyrken (N=63). Syftet var också att undersöka om, och därest på vilket sätt, prediktionerna modererades av ålder. Genom en kvantitativ studie distribuerades en webbenkät till slutna Facebook-grupper för verksamma inom kontaktyrken. Webbenkäten innehöll en mätskala för arbetsrelaterad self-efficacy och en mätskala för krav, kontroll samt socialt stöd i arbete. Vidare efterfrågades ålder samt andra demografiska frågor. Resultaten analyserades genom tre linjära (enkla) regressionsanalyser vilka inte påvisade statistiskt signifikanta linjära samband mellan arbetsrelaterad self-efficacy och krav, kontroll eller socialt stöd. Vidare påvisade tre modereringsanalyser inte några statistiskt signifikanta modererande effekter av ålder på prediktionerna mellan arbetsrelaterad self-efficacy och krav, kontroll eller socialt stöd i arbete. / The purpose of this study was to investigate in what way occupational self-efficacy predicted the work-related stressors job demands, control and social support among human services workers (N=63). Furthermore, this study aimed to investigate if, and subsequently how, the predictions were moderated by age. Through a quantitative study, a web-based survey was distributed to closed Facebook-groups for workers in human services. The web-based survey contained a measure for occupational self-efficacy and a measure for job demands, control and social support. Additionally, age and other demographic questions were included. The results were analysed by three linear (simple) regression analyses which showed no statistically significant linear relationships between occupational self-efficacy and job demands, control or social support. Three moderation analyses found no statistically significant moderating effects by age on the predictions between occupational self-efficacy and job demands, control or social support.

Enhetschefer är benämningen på den yrkesverksamma grupp som ansvarar för verksamheter som drivs enligt socialtjänstlagen och lagen om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade. De befinner sig i en politiskt styrd organisation med socialnämnden som uppdragsgivare. Enhetschefer är identifierade som en yrkesverksam grupp med hög arbetsbelastning och högre risk att utsättas för stress, i jämförelse med andra yrkesgrupper i ledande position. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur olika stressfaktorer bidrar till upplevelsen av arbetsrelaterad stress hos enhetschefer inom kommunal äldre- och funktionshinderomsorg. Metodvalet är en kvantitativ enkätundersökning med syfte i att nå ut till fler personer och på så sätt få en bred överblick av enhetschefernas arbetssituation. Studien har genomförts i en medelstor svensk kommun där samtliga enhetschefer inom kommunal äldre- och funktionshinderomsorg valts ut. Av resultatet framkommer att de faktorer som i störst utsträckning bidrar till upplevd arbetsrelaterad stress, är för hög arbetsbelastning i förhållande till arbetstiden samt  bristande möjlighet att uppfylla önskemål från brukare. / Middle managers is the name of the professional group who is responsible for institutions that are run by the Social Service Act and Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional impairments. They work in a politically controlled organization with the municipal social welfare committee as the outsourcer. Middle managers are identified as a profession with a high workload and a higher risk of being exposed to stress, in comparison with other occupational groups with a leading position. The aim of the study is to examine how various stressors contribute to work-related stress. The method is a quantitative survey with the aim of reaching out to more people and to get a larger overview of the middle managers work situation. The study has been carried out in a medium-sized Swedish municipality, where all middle managers in municipal elderly and disability care were selected. The result shows that the stressors that contribute most to work-related stress are the high workload in relation to working time and a lack of opportunity to fulfill the client’s wishes.