Den här studien undersöker hur serieböcker kan vara ett verktyg i undervisningen i svenskämnet. Undersökningens fokus riktas mot hur serieböcker kan främja elevers läslust och om de kan vara ett verktyg för värdegrundsarbete men lyfter också lärares attityder runt serieböcker i undervisningen. Tidigare forskning menar att serieböcker främjar elevers läslust med sin multimodala kommunikation och sitt lustfyllda uttryck. För att undersöka detta har fyra klasslärare och en bildlärare intervjuats. Intervjuerna utgår ifrån en fenomenologisk metodologi som innebär att intervjuerna genomförts ostrukturerat för att få fram vad just den enskilda läraren tycker är viktigt. För att kunna analysera resultatet gjordes ett kategorischema där citat från intervjuerna sorterades i olika teman. Resultaten visar att tillgängligheten till serieböcker är en komponent som påverkar läslusten och tycks se olika ut i olika klassrum. Frågan om hur serieböcker kan användas i värdegrundsarbetet visade också olika resultat. Bildläraren lyfter normer och maktstrukturer samt hur människor påverkas av visuellt berättande medan klasslärare lyfter budskap som förmedlas i berättelsen.

Det är förmodligen många som föreställer sig att religiöst motiverad etik är någonting statiskt och orörligt. Så är det kanske särskilt med katolsk etik. De flesta föreställer sig att katolsk etik formas ovanifrån, av påven och biskopskollegiet och att kyrkans medlemmar sedan måste rätta sig efter detta utan tillstymmelse till inflytande. Är det så? I denna uppsats undersöks relationen mellan de religiösa idealen och de pastorala problemen i syfte att se hur teori och praxis samverkar i formerandet av den katolska etiken. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för arbetet är de fyra modeller för hur teori och praxis påverkar varandra som Niclas Lindström lyfter fram. Det material som undersöks är den katolska kyrkans nyligen utgivna post-synodala exhortation Amoris Laetitia, som översatt till svenska kan kallas ”Kärlekens glädje”. Genom att undersöka vilka ideal, problem och åtgärder som nämns i exhortationen och genom att jämföra undersökningen med tidigare forskning om doktrinär utveckling inom den katolska kyrkan mynnar arbetet ut i en slutsats: Katolsk etik utvecklas och förtydligas långsamt genom att biskoparna fastställer läror utifrån teologiska ideal, i frågor som de vanliga medlemmarna sätter på agendan utifrån pastorala problem. Slutligen presenteras förslag på hur lärare i religionskunskap kan använda sig av uppsatsen i sitt arbete på ett sätt som uppfyller Skolverkets mål. / There are probably many people who imagine that religiously motivated ethics are static and immobile. That is probably an especially common thought when Catholic ethics are mentioned. Most people imagine that Catholic ethics is formed from above, by the Pope and the college of bishops, and that Church members have to comply with it without a shred of influence. Is this true? This paper (in swedish) examines the relationship between religious motivated ideals and pastoral problems, aiming to find out how theory and practice interact in the formation of Catholic ethics. The theoretical starting point for this paper is four models presented by Niclas Lindström that describe four ways that theory and practice interact. The material being investigated is the Catholic Church's recent post-synodal exhortation Amoris Laetitia, in english "The joy of love". By examining the ideals, problems and proposed actions mentioned in the exhortation, and by comparing the study to previous research regarding doctrinal development within the Catholic Church, a conclusion is made: Catholic ethics is developed and clarified slowly. The bishops are finalizing teachings based on theological ideals, in matters that their members have put on the agenda based on their pastoral problems. Finally, suggestions are presented regarding how school teachers that teach religious studies can make use of the paper in his or her work, in a way that meets the Swedish National Agency goals.

La musique est essentiellement inexpressive : elle est incapable d’exprimer quoi que ce soit (même les émotions humaines). Cette sorte de langage — l’articulation de sons dans le temps — est auto-signifiant et ne renvoie qu’à lui-même : la musique s’exprime elle-même. C’est en cela qu’elle s’apparente avec le réel, qui manque lui aussi de signification et est par là tautologique. L’écoute musicale est donc une écoute non-interprétative ; écouter la musique c’est faire attention à la musique et non à ce qu’elle est supposée véhiculer. C’est, en ce sens, une forme d’attention au réel. Aimer la musique, à son tour, c’est apprendre à faire une écoute de cette espèce. Ce que l’on apprend à aimer, c’est l’objet musical tel qu’il est, sans songer à changer la moindre virgule. Et c’est dans cette approbation inconditionnelle de l’objet que réside la joie musicale, que nous pouvons étendre à notre tour à l’approbation inconditionnelle de tous les objet qui conforment le réel, comme nous invite à faire la philosophie tragique. Nous pourrions dire que la musique est l’art tragique par excellence. / Music is essentially inexpressive: music is unable of expressing anything (not even human emotions). This kind of language — sound’s articulation on time — is self-signifying. It doesn’t refer to anything but to itself: music expresses itself. In this, music is like reality, which is insignificant as well, and therefore tautological. Musical hearing is then a non-interpreting hearing; to hear music is to pay attention to music and not to that which is supposed to be transported by it. It is, in this perspective, a sort of attention to reality. To love music, therefore, is a form of learning to hear this way. The object that we love is the musical object as it is; we don’t even dream to change one single comma. It is in this unconditional approbation of the object where musical joy takes place; and we think it’s possible to spread this approbation to all objects that conform reality. That is what tragic philosophy invites us to do. Music, we could say, is the tragic art par excellence.

Dans le contexte pastoral évangélique, il est très difficile de s’expliquer qu’un croyant puisse aimer et servir Dieu avec passion pour constater, quelques années plus tard, que la motivation qui le pousse vers Dieu a été étouffée. Bien qu’ils utilisent des termes différents, les entraineurs sportifs posent essentiellement la même question : comment inciter les personnes sous leur charge à fournir un rendement correspondant à leur potentiel. Si la motivation est le moteur du comportement, pour bien des personnes, les émotions en constituent le volant. Il semble que par nature l’humain oriente son comportement vers les émotions agréables et s’éloigne des émotions désagréables. C’est aussi vrai pour le sportif que pour le croyant. Cette étude propose une réflexion interdisciplinaire entre la théologie et la psychologie au sujet du plaisir, de la motivation et de l’action humaine, à la fois dans le sport moderne et dans la spiritualité, qui permette d’aborder notre problématique sous un nouvel éclairage. Les premiers chapitres ont pour objectifs d’identifier la rencontre entre le sport et la spiritualité (chapitre 1), de situer la problématique dans son contexte anthropologique à partir de la compréhension psychologique contemporaine de l’émotion (chapitre 2) et de la motivation (chapitre 3). Les chapitres qui suivent examinent la motivation humaine chez les sportifs à partir de la psychologie du sport (chapitre 4), avant de consulter deux théologiens protestants Jürgen Moltmann du courant libéral et John Piper, évangélique conservateur (chapitre 5) pour introduire la discussion théologique. Bien que la psychologie contemporaine ait été une discipline longtemps figée dans un paradigme darwinien ou humaniste, décriant l’empiètement de la théologie sur sa compréhension de l’humain, le chapitre 6 présente des exemples où une discussion théologique de l’humain, dépourvue de toute validité empirique, peut apporter une vision complémentaire à la psychologie contemporaine et contribuer au bien-être du sportif comme à celui du croyant. Ainsi, la contribution de la psychologie, qui est acceptable à une interprétation évangélique, peut apporter un éclaircissement sur les raisons possibles d’un changement de motivation chez le croyant dans son amour et son service envers Dieu. Le dernier chapitre se veut le prolongement de cette étude dans d’autres domaines, comme les études bibliques et le counseling auprès des croyants et des sportifs et dans le cadre de l’aumônerie militaire. / For a pastor in the Christian Evangelical tradition, it is difficult to explain how a believer, who once loved and served God with passion, finds that a few years later his motivation directed towards God has waned. Though using different terminology, coaches ask essentially the same question concerning some of their athletes. How can they incite those under their supervision to perform in light of their full potential? If motivation is the motor of behaviour, for the majority of people emotions are the steering wheel. People, by nature, tend to steer their behaviour in a direction that reinforces desirable emotions and avoids those that are undesirable. This is true for both athletes and believers. This thesis proposes a reflection on motivation as it relates to two fields of study: theology and psychology. More precisely it looks at the subject of pleasure, motivation, and human action in the areas of modern sport and spirituality, with the intention of shedding new light on our problem. The first few chapters seek to identify the common ground between sport and spirituality (chapter 1), and to situate our problem in its anthropological context by defining the basic concepts of emotion (chapter 2) and motivation (chapter 3) according to modern psychology. The chapters that follow examine motivation from an understanding of sport psychology (chapter 4) before moving on to its counterpart from a theological perspective (chapter 5) by consulting two protestant theologians: Jürgen Moltmann of a liberal persuasion and John Piper, a conservative evangelical. Though contemporary psychology is known as being a discipline fixed in a Darwinian or Humanist paradigm which disassociates from any theological understanding of human beings, chapter 6 presents examples of how a theological discussion, outside of empirical confirmation, may bring a complementary vision to contemporary psychology and contribute to the well being of both athlete and believer. The chapter also proposes how an understanding of psychology, acceptable to an evangelical interpretation, may shed light on the possible changes in motivation a believer may experience in his love and service for God. The last chapter projects the ideas of this study to other fields of interest such as Bible study, the counseling of believers and athletes, and the work of military chaplains.

Syftet med studien var att öka kunskapen kring hur förskollärare tolkar och resonerar kring fysisk aktivitet i relation till begreppet undervisning i den reviderade läroplanen Lpfö 18. I vår undersökning valde vi fokusgruppsintervjuer som kvalitativ intervjumetod. Fyra förskolor och totalt 16 förskollärare intervjuades och resultatet ställdes mot relevant litteratur samt tidigare forskning. I studien används ramfaktorteorin som teoretiskt ramverk för att upptäcka samband mellan rörelseglädje och ramfaktorteori. Resultatet visar att möjligheten till undervisning av fysiska aktiviteter i förskolan påverkas utifrån konstitutionella, organisatoriska och fysiska ramar. Undersökningens slutsats är att förskollärare alltid arbetat med undervisning i relation till rörelseglädje i förskolan men att det krävs tid, planering och engagemang till bearbetning av läroplan för att målstyrda lärprocesser ska kunna genomföras och uppnås. / The purpose of the study was to increase the knowledge about how preschool teachers ideas about physical activity in relation to the concept teaching in the new curriculum Lpfö 18. The study was a qualitative study and the data was collected in form of focus group interviews. Four preschools and total 16 preschool teachers were interviewed (four groups). Framework factor theory was used as a theoretical framework. The result shows that the possibility of teaching physical activities in preschool are influenced by constitutional, organizational and physical frameworks. The study's conclusion is that preschool teachers have always worked with teaching in relation to physical activity in preschool, but that it requires time, planning and commitment to the processing of the curriculum in order to be able to implement and achieve goal-oriented learning processes.

美國華裔作家譚艾美的第一本小說「喜福會」,1989年出版後立即名列紐 約、舊金山、洛杉磯的暢銷排行榜,這本小說主要敘述四位中國母親及她 們四個美國出生的女兒的故事。由於譚艾美本身是美國出生的中國女兒, 由她詮釋華裔美國女兒自然具有說服力。然而,誠如林艾美所問的:「一個 在美國長大旳華裔美人,能夠知道什麼是中國女性嗎?」林艾美的疑問是引 發這篇論文的主要動機。小說中的四位中國母親,宿願(Suyuan),安美 (An-mei), 靈多 (Lindo),以及瑩影(Ying-Ying)都是在1949年中國內戰 末期從中國移民到美國的,由於宿願在美國重組其麻將俱樂部: 喜福會, 使得這四位中國母親得以相聚相識,在這俱樂部中打麻將並互相述說她們 在中國的經歷,以及在美生活的點點滴滴。透過故事的敘述,這四位中國母 親的性格逐漸從其扮演的角色: 女兒、母親、妻子、及朋友中顯露出來。 這篇論文的第一、二、三、四章,將分別討論分析宿願、安美、靈多、及 瑩影的性格,首先簡述個人的生平經歷,再就其生命中所扮演的角色個別分 析其性格特點。第五章則比較四位母親性格中的異同。孰為典型之中國母 親?孰為非典型?作為文學創作之產物,她們是否成功?她們在這本小說中的 功能為何?作者對這四個角色所採取的態度有何不同?這些問題都將在第五 章探討。四位中國母親性格之分析比較,只是這本小說所能探討的諸多問 題之一 ,惟願在女性主義、婚姻問題、母女關係等之觀點外,提供另一審 查之角度。 / Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club was published and hit the best-seller lists in New York, San Francisco and L.A. in 1989. This novel deals with the stories of four Chinese mothers and their four American-born daughters. Due to her American -born-Chinese identity Amy Tan is qualified to present American- born-Chinese daughters convincingly. What triggers the study of this thesis is a question provided by a critic. Amy Ling doubts: Can a Chinese American growing up in America ever know what is Chinese? Before answering this question, another critic's viewpoint reinforces the motivation of this investigation. Carole Angiec remarks that the four Chinese mothers "are cleverly planned to cover every sort of Chinese woman's character and experience...." The main concern of this thesis is the image of the four Chinese mothers: are they typical Chinese female or not? To verify the four Chinese mothers' image, the focus of this thesis will be placed upon two parts: one is the respective analysis of the four Chinese mothers' characters; the other is general comparison between the four Chinese mothers and typical Chinese woman with respect to their identity and character traits.

Dans le contexte pastoral évangélique, il est très difficile de s’expliquer qu’un croyant puisse aimer et servir Dieu avec passion pour constater, quelques années plus tard, que la motivation qui le pousse vers Dieu a été étouffée. Bien qu’ils utilisent des termes différents, les entraineurs sportifs posent essentiellement la même question : comment inciter les personnes sous leur charge à fournir un rendement correspondant à leur potentiel. Si la motivation est le moteur du comportement, pour bien des personnes, les émotions en constituent le volant. Il semble que par nature l’humain oriente son comportement vers les émotions agréables et s’éloigne des émotions désagréables. C’est aussi vrai pour le sportif que pour le croyant. Cette étude propose une réflexion interdisciplinaire entre la théologie et la psychologie au sujet du plaisir, de la motivation et de l’action humaine, à la fois dans le sport moderne et dans la spiritualité, qui permette d’aborder notre problématique sous un nouvel éclairage. Les premiers chapitres ont pour objectifs d’identifier la rencontre entre le sport et la spiritualité (chapitre 1), de situer la problématique dans son contexte anthropologique à partir de la compréhension psychologique contemporaine de l’émotion (chapitre 2) et de la motivation (chapitre 3). Les chapitres qui suivent examinent la motivation humaine chez les sportifs à partir de la psychologie du sport (chapitre 4), avant de consulter deux théologiens protestants Jürgen Moltmann du courant libéral et John Piper, évangélique conservateur (chapitre 5) pour introduire la discussion théologique. Bien que la psychologie contemporaine ait été une discipline longtemps figée dans un paradigme darwinien ou humaniste, décriant l’empiètement de la théologie sur sa compréhension de l’humain, le chapitre 6 présente des exemples où une discussion théologique de l’humain, dépourvue de toute validité empirique, peut apporter une vision complémentaire à la psychologie contemporaine et contribuer au bien-être du sportif comme à celui du croyant. Ainsi, la contribution de la psychologie, qui est acceptable à une interprétation évangélique, peut apporter un éclaircissement sur les raisons possibles d’un changement de motivation chez le croyant dans son amour et son service envers Dieu. Le dernier chapitre se veut le prolongement de cette étude dans d’autres domaines, comme les études bibliques et le counseling auprès des croyants et des sportifs et dans le cadre de l’aumônerie militaire. / For a pastor in the Christian Evangelical tradition, it is difficult to explain how a believer, who once loved and served God with passion, finds that a few years later his motivation directed towards God has waned. Though using different terminology, coaches ask essentially the same question concerning some of their athletes. How can they incite those under their supervision to perform in light of their full potential? If motivation is the motor of behaviour, for the majority of people emotions are the steering wheel. People, by nature, tend to steer their behaviour in a direction that reinforces desirable emotions and avoids those that are undesirable. This is true for both athletes and believers. This thesis proposes a reflection on motivation as it relates to two fields of study: theology and psychology. More precisely it looks at the subject of pleasure, motivation, and human action in the areas of modern sport and spirituality, with the intention of shedding new light on our problem. The first few chapters seek to identify the common ground between sport and spirituality (chapter 1), and to situate our problem in its anthropological context by defining the basic concepts of emotion (chapter 2) and motivation (chapter 3) according to modern psychology. The chapters that follow examine motivation from an understanding of sport psychology (chapter 4) before moving on to its counterpart from a theological perspective (chapter 5) by consulting two protestant theologians: Jürgen Moltmann of a liberal persuasion and John Piper, a conservative evangelical. Though contemporary psychology is known as being a discipline fixed in a Darwinian or Humanist paradigm which disassociates from any theological understanding of human beings, chapter 6 presents examples of how a theological discussion, outside of empirical confirmation, may bring a complementary vision to contemporary psychology and contribute to the well being of both athlete and believer. The chapter also proposes how an understanding of psychology, acceptable to an evangelical interpretation, may shed light on the possible changes in motivation a believer may experience in his love and service for God. The last chapter projects the ideas of this study to other fields of interest such as Bible study, the counseling of believers and athletes, and the work of military chaplains.

abstract: A low cost expander, combustor device that takes compressed air, adds thermal energy and then expands the gas to drive an electrical generator is to be designed by modifying an existing reciprocating spark ignition engine. The engine used is the 6.5 hp Briggs and Stratton series 122600 engine. Compressed air that is stored in a tank at a particular pressure will be introduced during the compression stage of the engine cycle to reduce pump work. In the modified design the intake and exhaust valve timings are modified to achieve this process. The time required to fill the combustion chamber with compressed air to the storage pressure immediately before spark and the state of the air with respect to crank angle is modeled numerically using a crank step energy and mass balance model. The results are used to complete the engine cycle analysis based on air standard assumptions and air to fuel ratio of 15 for gasoline. It is found that at the baseline storage conditions (280 psi, 70OF) the modified engine does not meet the imposed constraints of staying below the maximum pressure of the unmodified engine. A new storage pressure of 235 psi is recommended. This only provides a 7.7% increase in thermal efficiency for the same work output. The modification of this engine for this low efficiency gain is not recommended. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Mechanical Engineering 2011

The diploma thesis focuses on human emotions and monitors their effects on the individual from the psychological and physiognomic point of view. It focuses on the development of ancient theatre and the function of masks. It consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The practical part presents a set of latex masks that interpret the work of Erving Goffman The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.

Um sujeito tem outro nome além dos que lhe foram destinados pelos seus pais ou pela linhagem a que pertence. É portador também de um nome desconhecido que lhe é mais próprio e singular, que o marca no real do corpo e fala do modo como goza das marcas dos restos vistos ou ouvidos, registradas no seu inconsciente. Utilizando a metodologia da marca do caso, realizamos uma leitura clínica, a partir dos pressupostos da psicanálise, dos depoimentos de um sujeito, que apresenta a peculiaridade de ancorar seu ser em suas alterações corporais, a fim de mostrar que elas são sua tentativa de resposta ao excesso traumático que foi para ele o encontro com um gozo sem ordenamento fálico. Reconhecer o nome a que responde o gozo, para saber o que fazer com ele, é essencial ao reordenamento da economia de gozo, na maioria das vezes mortificante, como no caso objeto deste estudo. O resultado obtido aponta para questões inesperadas com as quais a clínica contemporânea tem se deparado, especialmente a das psicoses, no sentido das invenções singulares com que os sujeitos buscam se estabilizar ou construir um modo de laço social. Faz avançar o debate sobre a clínica do gozo, em jogo, nas construções de cada sujeito em particular. / A subject has another name besides those who were given by their parents or by the lineage to which it belongs. He is also bearer of an unknown name that is more own and unique for him, which marks himself on the real of the body and talks about how he enjoys the brands of debris seen and heard, recorded in his unconscious. Using the brand of the case as a methodology, we conducted a clinical reading from the psychoanalysis assumptions, of the testimonials of a subject that has the peculiarity of anchoring his self on his body modifications, in order to show that they are his attempted response for the traumatic excess that was for him the meeting with a joy without phallic ordering. Recognize the name that responds joy, to know what do with him, is essential to the reordering of joy economy, mostly mortifying, as in the case object of this study. The result points to unexpected issues with which contemporary clinic has encountered, especially the psychoses ones, in the sense of unique inventions that subjects seek to stabilize or build a mode of social bond. It advances the debate about the clinic of the joy, at stake in the construction of each particular subject.