Quanto mais nostálgicas e românticas se tornam as noções que apresentam sobre mundo idealizado de Austen, mais claramente podemos perceber as carências que fazem com que assim o percebam. Portanto, o objetivo desta tese é apresentar uma leitura de The Jane Austen Book Club através da aproximação com a obra de Austen, e assim entender o que as personagens de Fowler estão procurando, e por quê. A premissa é que essa busca revela muito a respeito do mundo contemporâneo. No âmbito da literatura, tomando Austen e Fowler como autoras que revelam os protocolos de leitura de suas épocas, espero explicitar algumas das razões do fascínio exercido por Austen sobre o leitor de hoje. Para tanto, utilizo como apoio teórico o contraste entre os conceitos de modernidade sólida e modernidade líquida propostos por Zygmunt Bauman, especialmente em relação às considerações sobre os termos fluidez, ética, velocidade, desimpedimento e medo. / Almost two hundred years separate Karen Joy Fowler from Jane Austen. The latter is a great English literary icon, author to six of the best treasured novels in English literature, admired for her style, wit and subtlety in the delineation of her characters and their social relations. The former is a contemporary awarded American Sci-fi and Fantasy writer, author to the novel The Jane Austen Book Club, which is the corpus of the present dissertation. In spite of the wide distance in time, subject matter, and even in literary stature that separates them, both authors are deeply involved in the investigation of human nature and human bonds. The Jane Austen Book Club not only pays homage to Jane Austen, it also offers a rich contrast between life as it was, in the 18th Century, in Austen’s rural England, and as it is now, in Fowler’s present-day sunny California. In Fowler’s novel we meet six interesting characters who undergo different kinds of personal crises. They form a book club and meet monthly, during half a year. In each meeting, they discuss one of Jane Austen´s novels. Each of them is in charge of leading the discussion on one of the novels. Fowler’s book is divided in six chapters, respectively: Jocelyn with Emma, Allegra with Sense and Sensibility, Prudie with Mansfield Park, Grigg with Northanger Abbey, Bernadette with Pride and Prejudice, and Sylvia with Persuasion. The way they interact with their assigned novels tells much not only about them and their circumstances, but also about the world in which they live. The more nostalgic and romantic their notion of Austen’s idealized past becomes, the clearer we can identify the circumstances in present-day life that provoke such reactions. The aim of this dissertation is to present a reading of The Jane Austen Book Club through an approximation with Austen’s work, so as to understand what Fowler’s characters are looking for, and why. The premise is that their quest tells about the world we live in nowadays, and about the difficulties we have in dealing with personal relations. To approach the contrast between the solid fictional world of Jane Austen and the liquid fictional world of Karen Joy Fowler, I rely on the theories presented by Zygmunt Bauman, especially on his use of concepts as fluidity, ethics, velocity, disengagement and fear.

Understanding the behavior of those who start--or intend to start--a business is vital for a country of entrepreneurs such as Peru, which registered the third highest rate of active entrepreneurship worldwide in 2011, according to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). However, Peru also registered, in 2011, one of the highest business discontinuation rates among efficiency-based and resource-based economies. This study represents the first effort to analyze certain behavioral characteristics (risk aversion, joy of winning, overconfidence and tax collection) of a sample of necessity-driven entrepreneurs in Lima, Peru. These features might help explain, in the first place, the decision to become entrepreneurs, but also the decision to leave the market. In particular, wefind that entrepreneurs are risk averse, tend to overestimate their abilities and are willing to work harder when the gross pay is higher (and are taxed) than when it is lower (and are not taxed). Altogether, these traits may explain the high discontinuation rate of businesses in Peru, one of the highest in efficiency-based and resource-based economies. / Entender el comportamiento de aquellos que empiezan —o pretenden empezar— un negocio es vital para un país de emprendedores así como el Perú, el cual registró la tercera tasa más alta de emprededeurismo activo a nivel mundial en 2011, de acuerdo con el Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Sin embargo, el Perú también registró, el año 2011, una de las tasas más altas de descontinuación de negocios entre las economías basadas en la eficiencias y recursos. Este estudio representa el primer intento en analizar ciertas características de conducta (aversión al riesgo, alegría por el triunfo, confianza excesiva y el pago de impuestos) de una muestra de emprendedoresmotivados por la necesidad en Lima, Perú. Estas características puede que ayuden a explicar, en primer lugar, la decisión de devenir emprendedores, pero también la decisión de dejar el mercado. En particular, nos encontramos con que los emprendedores son adversos al riesgo, tienden a sobrestimar sus habilidades y están dispuestos a trabajar más duro cuando el pago bruto es mayor (y está sujeto a impuestos) que cuando es menor (y no está sujeto a impuestos). En suma, estas características pueden explicar la alta tasa de descontinuación de negocios en el Perú, una de las más altas en economías basadas en la eficiencia o en recursos.

Quanto mais nostálgicas e românticas se tornam as noções que apresentam sobre mundo idealizado de Austen, mais claramente podemos perceber as carências que fazem com que assim o percebam. Portanto, o objetivo desta tese é apresentar uma leitura de The Jane Austen Book Club através da aproximação com a obra de Austen, e assim entender o que as personagens de Fowler estão procurando, e por quê. A premissa é que essa busca revela muito a respeito do mundo contemporâneo. No âmbito da literatura, tomando Austen e Fowler como autoras que revelam os protocolos de leitura de suas épocas, espero explicitar algumas das razões do fascínio exercido por Austen sobre o leitor de hoje. Para tanto, utilizo como apoio teórico o contraste entre os conceitos de modernidade sólida e modernidade líquida propostos por Zygmunt Bauman, especialmente em relação às considerações sobre os termos fluidez, ética, velocidade, desimpedimento e medo. / Almost two hundred years separate Karen Joy Fowler from Jane Austen. The latter is a great English literary icon, author to six of the best treasured novels in English literature, admired for her style, wit and subtlety in the delineation of her characters and their social relations. The former is a contemporary awarded American Sci-fi and Fantasy writer, author to the novel The Jane Austen Book Club, which is the corpus of the present dissertation. In spite of the wide distance in time, subject matter, and even in literary stature that separates them, both authors are deeply involved in the investigation of human nature and human bonds. The Jane Austen Book Club not only pays homage to Jane Austen, it also offers a rich contrast between life as it was, in the 18th Century, in Austen’s rural England, and as it is now, in Fowler’s present-day sunny California. In Fowler’s novel we meet six interesting characters who undergo different kinds of personal crises. They form a book club and meet monthly, during half a year. In each meeting, they discuss one of Jane Austen´s novels. Each of them is in charge of leading the discussion on one of the novels. Fowler’s book is divided in six chapters, respectively: Jocelyn with Emma, Allegra with Sense and Sensibility, Prudie with Mansfield Park, Grigg with Northanger Abbey, Bernadette with Pride and Prejudice, and Sylvia with Persuasion. The way they interact with their assigned novels tells much not only about them and their circumstances, but also about the world in which they live. The more nostalgic and romantic their notion of Austen’s idealized past becomes, the clearer we can identify the circumstances in present-day life that provoke such reactions. The aim of this dissertation is to present a reading of The Jane Austen Book Club through an approximation with Austen’s work, so as to understand what Fowler’s characters are looking for, and why. The premise is that their quest tells about the world we live in nowadays, and about the difficulties we have in dealing with personal relations. To approach the contrast between the solid fictional world of Jane Austen and the liquid fictional world of Karen Joy Fowler, I rely on the theories presented by Zygmunt Bauman, especially on his use of concepts as fluidity, ethics, velocity, disengagement and fear.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Este trabalho de carÃter etnogrÃfico propÃe analisar o fenÃmeno religioso de Juazeiro do Norte sob trÃs eixos: os tipos de pagadores de promessas, os tipos de promessas e o pano de fundo desse cenÃrio que à a dor e a alegria contida na travessia do pedir a graÃa, alcanÃar a graÃa e a retribuiÃÃo desta graÃa. Os resultados dessa pesquisa de campo sÃo discutidos a partir do conceito de dÃdiva, tal como empregado por Mauss, mas tambÃm faz um dialogo com Max Weber objetivando a construÃÃo de tipos ideais acerca de romeiros, pagadores de promessas e seus pedidos. Por fim, esse trabalho nÃo tem a proposta de levantar hipÃteses, pois à uma pesquisa de carÃter etnogrÃfico que se propÃe pensar o feixe de linhas que atravessam os pagadores de promessas. / This ethnographic work intends to analyze the religious phenomena of Juazeiro do Norte under three propositions: the social types of the promise payers, the kinds of their promises and the background of this scenario, made of a moisture of pain and joy, the both integrant parts of the crossings in asking of grace, the grace achievement and the graceâs retribution. The results of this field research are put on discussion depart from the concept of gift, just like employed by Marcel Mauss, and also with a dialogue with Max Weber, wanting the construction of ideal types of pilgrims, promise payers and their various requests. In resume, this work have no intention to rise deep rooted hypothesis, because is an ethnographical research that suggest to think about the bundle of lines of intensity that crosses these social actors.

Skolpersonalens tuffa arbetssituation är idag ett aktuellt tema, som omnämns i både media och i politiska debatter. Personalbrist, elevernas vikande resultat, överbelastade kalendarium och krav från skolledning präglar deras miljö. Skolpersonalen ställs därför inför många utmaningar och ständiga förändringar som ett resultat av detta. Syftet med studien är att utifrån ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv utforska personalens upplevelse av arbetsglädje som grund för verksamhetsutveckling och social hållbarhet. Därför har en kvalitativ intervjustudie genomförts där elva frivilliga deltagare från tre skolor i en västsvensk kommun har intervjuats. En fenomenologisk analys genomfördes utifrån det inspelade materialet. Fyra olika teman framkom utifrån analysen vilka var utvecklande relationer, stödjande miljöer, att sätta gränser och bra ledarskap. Verksamhetsutveckling har ett stort fokus i uppsatsen, därför presenteras skolpersonalens tankar om verksamhetsutveckling under temat lära av varandra i slutet av resultatet. / The school staffs workload is today a topical theme, which is discussed both in the media and in political debates. Manpower shortage, declining academic results, overtime and demands from the school board imprints their environment. The school staff therefore faces challenges and constant changes in their environment as a result of this workload. The purpose of this study is to, from a health promotion perspective, explore the staff's experience of job satisfaction as a basis for business development and social sustainability. Therefore, a qualitative interview study has been conducted in which eleven volunteers from three schools in a Western Swedish municipality have been interviewed. A phenomenological analysis was performed based on the recorded material. Four different themes emerged from the analysis, which were developing relationships, supportive environments, setting limits and good leadership. Work development has a major focus in the paper, therefore the school staff's thoughts on business development are presented under the theme of learning from each other at the end of the thesis.

The author of the Fourth Gospel delivers the true divine identity and significance of Jesus throughout the entire narrative. He aims at guiding his readers through the narrative of the Gospel with the purpose that they will “see” (meet) Jesus, confess him as Christ, and receive eternal life. John actually planned that the text of the Gospel should actively change people. Furthermore, the Gospel of John has wide spectrum of the reader. This means that John opens his message to the all the generations who are no longer in a position to see Jesus physically. Nobody reading this text should or could stay the same, since he or she will be confronted with the protagonist of the text, namely Jesus. By accepting this message, that person will receive life; by rejecting the message, a person will perish. This truth is rehearsed over and again in the narrative for every reader to see. The text of the Gospel thus becomes the “presence of Jesus” among the readers. This functional purpose of the Gospel accounts for the first farewell discourse in John 13:31-14:31. In response to previous scholarship that understands the Johannine farewell discourses solely as a testament, the present study convinces that the discourses interface with classical literature, specifically the following literary styles: Greek tragedy, consolation literature, and the literary symposium tradition. The multiplicity of the generic associations of the discourses sheds new light on the nature of Jesus’ departure as well as his continuing presence in spite of that departure. No longer designed to evoke only the themes of departure and absence, the testament of Jesus in John emphasises instead Jesus’ abiding presence. While the material from Greek tragedy will only further emphasise the theme of departure, the material from classical consolation literature and the literary symposium tradition will accentuate the theme of continuing presence. John has thereby transcended the usual expectations of the testament. Thus the physically absent Jesus becomes present through his first farewell discourse: the reader is confronted with a dynamic portrait of Jesus and this confrontation results in an acceptance of Jesus as Christ, as well as the receiving of eternal life. According to the first farewell discourse, eschatological promise, knowing and seeing the Father, glory, love, pastoral ministry, deeds, prayer, Paraclete, remembering, faith, peace and joy, and the words of Jesus all serve as the replacement of the physical Jesus. Therefore, the first farewell discourse does not indicate the separation of Jesus from his disciples but rather the permanent presence of the risen Jesus in and among them. This is their basis for perseverance, in other words, the foundation of their spreading the gospel messages to non-believers, even though they were in a difficult place. the gospel of John, John 13:31-14-31, the purpose of John’s gospel, the presence of Jesus, the recipient of the Fourth Gospel, the farewell discourse(s), Biblical hermeneutics, glory, eschatological promise, the Paraclete, mutual love, peace and joy / Thesis (PhD (New Testament Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / New Testament Studies / unrestricted

Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap kring fysisk aktiv lek i förskolans utemiljö utifrån barns perspektiv. Studien är relevant för förskolan då den kan ge kunskaper som kan påverka planering av verksamheten på ett sådant sätt att de bidrar till barns fysiskt aktiva lek och barns framtida hälsa. Baserat på tidigare forskning framkom faktorer som eventuellt kan påverka barns fysiska aktivitet och motoriska utveckling. I dessa studier har förskollärare intervjuats och barn har endast observerats. Utifrån det formulerades två forskningsfrågor där syftet blev att undersöka hur barn uttryckte fysisk aktiv lek på försöksgården. Studien har ett kvalitativt förhållningssätt och empirin bearbetades och analyserades utifrån den sociokulturella teorin med begreppen medling och appropiering. Resultatet visade på att barnen använder flera redskap i förskolans utemiljö i sin fysiskt aktiva lek. Det blev tydligt i resultatet att förskolan utemiljö har en påverkan på hur barns fysiskt aktiva lek blir. Vidare i diskussionen omsätts resultaten i tidigare forskning och jämför samband mellan denna studie och den tidigare forskningen. / The purpose of this study is to contribute knowledge about physical active play in the preschool's outdoor environment from a child's perspective. The study is relevant for preschool as it can provide knowledge that can influence the planning of the activities in such a way that they contribute to children's physically active play and children's future health. Based on previous research, factors that could potentially affect children's physical activity and motor development were revealed. In these studies, preschool teachers have been interviewed and children have only been observed. Based on this, two research questions were formulated where the aim was to investigate how children expressed physical active play in the experimental yard. The study has a qualitative approach and the empiricwas processed and analyzed based on the sociocultural theory with the concepts of mediation and appropiering. The results showed that the children use several tools in the outdoor environment of the preschool in their physically active play. It became clear in the result that the preschool outdoor environment has an impact on how children's physically active play becomes. Furthermore, the discussion translates the results into previous research and compares the relationship between this study and the previous research.

No description available.

This qualitative study sheds light on the framing of the sexual abuse of the Boko Haram's female captives sent to the internally displaced persons (IDP) camps and analyzes emotional themes from tweets focusing on the release of the Boko Haram's female victims, the Chibok girls. Six articles were chosen from BBC (a British news source), Punch (a Nigerian news source), and the New York Times (an American news source) to reveal the frames. In addition, 118 tweets were examined to address emotional tweets under #ourgirlsareback, #82chibokgirls, #chibokgirls82, and #chibokgirls. The findings discovered the presence of the human interest frame, conflict frame, responsibility frame, and a stereotype in the articles. The tweets showed positive common themes- joy, gratitude, and hope. Also, the tweets included conspiracy theories.

Det är av stort intresse för lärare och tränare att öka elevers inre motivation. Det finns flera studier av hur feedback påverkar den inre motivationen inom olika områden men motsvarande studie för ryttare saknas. Ridundervisning innefattar tre individer – tränare, ryttare och häst. Frågan är därför om ryttares inre motivation påverkas av tränarens feedback i samma utsträckning som i andra idrotter. I studien användes en inomgruppsdesign med 35 ryttare och tre betingelser; positiv feedback, negativ feedback samt ingen feedback. Instrumentet Intrinsic motivation inventory (IMI) användes för att mäta inre motivation som en funktion av fyra faktorer: intresse/nöje, upplevd kompetens, press/anspänning samt ansträngning. Resultaten visade att samtliga faktorer förutom ansträngning påverkades av vilken typ av feedback ryttaren fick. Intresse/nöje och upplevd kompetens var högst vid positiv feedback och lägst vid negativ feedback medan press/anspänning, som är negativt relaterat till inre motivation, var lägst vid positiv och högst vid negativ feedback. Av de 35 deltagarna var 19 kända av experimentledaren sedan tidigare. När tidigare känd/tidigare okänd användes som mellangruppsvariabel fanns en huvudeffekt för faktorn press/anspänning. De tidigare okända deltagarna upplevde högre anspänning än de tidigare kända deltagarna under alla betingelser. För faktorn ansträngning fanns en interaktionseffekt. De tidigare okända ansträngde sig mest vid positiv feedback och minst vid negativ feedback medan de tidigare kända deltagarna visade motsatta reaktioner. Störst effekt hade feedbacken på upplevd kompetens vilket kan leda till förbättrade prestationer. Slutsatsen av studien är att positiv feedback gynnar den inre motivationen hos ryttare och kan därmed förbättra deras utveckling och prestationer. / It is of utmost interest for teachers to increase student’s intrinsic motivation. Several previous studies have examined the impact of feedback on intrinsic motivation, but corresponding studies on riders are missing. Three individuals are involved at riding lessons – coach, rider and horse. The question therefore arises if the rider´s intrinsic motivation will be as affected by coaches’ feedback as in other sports. In this study, a within group design was used with 35 participating riders and three conditions: positive, negative or no feedback. The Intrinsic motivation inventory (IMI) was used to measure intrinsic motivation as a function of four factors: interest/joy, perceived competence, pressure/tension and effort. All factors except effort were affected by the type of feedback. Interest/joy and perceived competence were highest at positive and lowest at negative feedback, while pressure/tension that is negatively related with intrinsic motivation was lowest at positive and highest at negative feedback. Of the 35 participants, 19 were previously known by the experimenter. Previously known/unknown were used as a between factor variable. That revealed a main effect on pressure/tension. The previously unknown participants experienced more pressure/tension at all conditions. An interaction was revealed for perceived effort: the previously unknown stated most perceived effort at positive and least at negative feedback while the reactions were the opposite for the previously known. Feedback had greatest effect on perceived competence which may lead to better performance. The conclusion is that positive feedback increases the intrinsic motivation in riders and hence, is beneficial on their development and performance.