This diploma thesis deals with experiences and ideas of parenting trans*'s persons in the context of their identity. I primarily follow feminist theories and constructivist paradigm, where the research being realized through semi-structured interviews. In the theoretical part I define the basic terms and concepts on which my work is based. I focus on the conceptualization of trans* identities, on the concept of transsexuality in the Czech medical and socio-legal discourse, as well as on their limits in terms of gender perspective. Furthermore, I present the partnership and sexual relations of trans* persons, which then lead me to parenthood itself in the context of trans * identities. Finally, I deal with the coming-out process, especially with a focus on offspring. Within the analytical part I am interested in the attitude of trans* people to prevent reproductive function as the legal condition of gender transition, what reproductive ways and ways of parenting they choose, what obstacles they encounter in the context of parenthood and how they perform their parental role. Key words: gender, trans* identity, heteronormativity, coming out, homophobia, transphobia, limits of identity, parenting, parenting role, kids

Introduktion: Psykisk ohälsa är ett stort globalt problem, i Sverige har dessa problem sedan 1980 - talet närmast fördubblats. Idag är sociala medier en stor del av barn och ungdomars liv och det är en plats att uttrycka sig på samt att skapa relationer. Sociala medier skapar också möjligheter för barn och ungdomar att ständigt ha kontakt med varandra, även kvällar och nätter. Sömnen spelar en viktig roll för den mentala hälsan samt de kognitiva förmågorna. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att beskriva hur användandet av sociala medier påverkar sömnen för barn och unga. Metod: En strukturerad litteraturstudie har gjorts med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ forskning. Databaser som använts är: PubMed, MEDLINE; EBSCO, CINAHL, PsycINFO och Web of Science. Resultat: Två teman framkom ur resultaten, sociala normer och användningsfrekvens. Högre användningsfrekvens har visat sig ha en negativ påverkan på barn och ungdomars sömn. Sociala normer är även det en stor faktor till sömnstörning. Slutsats: Studien uppvisar att unga flickor i familjer med låg socioekonomisk status har störst risk för att drabbas av sömnproblem och besvär. / Introduction: Mental health is a great global problem, in Sweden there has been an increase in mental illness since 1980s. Today social media is a huge part of kids and adolescent’s life and it’s a place to both express yourself and create relationships. Social media is also creating possibilities so always stay in touch with each other, even during evenings and nights. Sleep plays a great part in mental health and the cognitive abilities. Aim: The review is aiming to describe how the use of social media affects the sleep for kids and adolescents. Methods: The study is a structured literature review including both qualitative and quantitative science. Database that has been used in the study is: PubMed, MEDLINE; EBSCO, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Results: Two themes were found in the result, social norms and use frequency. High use frequency of social media was found to impact kids and adolescents sleep pattern in a negative way. According to the study, Social norms are a high factor to sleep disturbance. Conclusion: The study shows that young girls in families with low socioeconomic status have the biggest risk to be affected by sleep problems.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Pedagogická fakulta Mystifikace ve výtvarné výchově/Skutečnost a fikce Anna Daňhelková Katedra výtvarné výchovy Pedf UK Vedoucí diplomové práce: doc. ak. mal. Ivan Špirk Studijní program: Učitelství pro základní školy, I. ST 2019 ABSTRACT: The diploma thesis is focused on mystification in literary and visual arts, and on the use of this topic in art education at primary school. At the same time, the thesis deals with the concept of art and also with interdisciplinary relations. The aim of the thesis is to create an art work composed of fictitious artefacts that make a record of a foreign trip. Furthermore, the work of art is linked to the lessons of art education. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to introduce a theory that examines the subject of mystification and the diary. Furthermore, it is necessary to create artefacts and test the art lessons in practice. The contribution of the thesis is the creation of artistic work, which can be used within the motivational part of individual art lessons and thus to link the areas of education. The thesis is divided into three parts. First, the theoretical part which explains the concept of mystification and introduces authors related to this topic. It also deals with the conceptual art and its influences on the further development of...

This exploratory study investigates how American and Canadian parents living in Saudi Arabia perceive enrolling their children in an online virtual school. This research is relevant to North Americans living and working overseas and how these parents access educational opportunities for their children. North American parents living in Saudi Arabia with children have limited local educational options. If parents decided not to enroll their child in traditional private local international education, alternatives include boarding school, homeschool, or online school. Of the surveyed participants, 68% of parents had enrolled their children in online education or expressed interest in enrolling their children in online education but many lack information and knowledge about online education. A qualitative study analyzed participants in semi-structured interviews. Besides academic satisfaction, the most common reasons for alternative education are the lack of available competitive sports and the arts, including theatre and music. Four themes emerged from the data. Parent satisfaction about their children's education shifts from positive to negative around 8th or 9th grade. Parents are, in general, unwilling to take a risk on an unproven online school. Local private international schools are the focal point of extra-curricular activities and social events, but families lack connections and a supportive environment within the local Saudi Arabian community. Overall, parents do view full-time online education as a viable option for K-12 education; however, perhaps not for their children. Though standalone online classes, within a traditional face-to-face school, was received positively by many families.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vilket stöd maskrosbarn (barn till föräldrar med beroendesjukdom) fick från samhället under barndomen och vilka strategier vuxna kan identifiera sig med idag när de pratar om sina erfarenheter som maskrosbarn. I denna studie har vi använt oss av Thomas Scheffs, Erving Goffmans, John Bowlbys, Peter L. Berger och Thomas Luckmann teorier som är sociala band, skammens sociala funktioner, fasad, anknytningsteorin och socialisation. Dessa teorier har varit tillämpliga för att får en fördjupad förståelse för maskrosbarnens livssituation. Denna studie baseras på en kvalitativ forskningsmetod i form av kvalitativ textanalys där vi studerat tio olika blogginlägg följt av fem vetenskapliga artiklar kring ämnet. En gemensam nämnare bland maskrosbarnens erfarenheter är det stora ansvarstagandet som barnen fick bära på till följd av föräldrarnas beroendesjukdom. Resultatet av denna studie visade att ett ändrat tankesätt är ett gott verktyg till en förändrad livssituation och att stöd från omgivningen kan vara till stor hjälp. Frågorna som grundas i vår studie är: 1. Vilka olika strategier kan vuxna identifiera sig med idag när de pratar om deras erfarenheter som maskrosbarn? 2. På vilket sätt känner maskrosbarn idag att de fick hjälp av samhället i sin barndom. / This study aims to investigate what support invulnerables (kids to parents with an addiction) received from society during their childhood and what strategies adults can identify with today when they talk about their experiences as invulnerables. In this study, we have used the theories of Thomas Scheff, Erving Goffman and John Bowlby, Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann which are social ties, the social functions of shame, the facade, the theory of attachment and socialization. These theories have been applied to gain an in-depth understanding of the life situation of invulnerables. This study is based on a qualitative research method in the form of qualitative text analysis where we studied ten different blog posts followed by five scientific articles on the subject. A common denominator among the invulnerables experiences is the great responsibility that the children had to bear as a result of the parents' addiction. The results of this study showed that a changed way of thinking is a good tool for a changed life situation and that support from the environment can be very helpful. The questions based on our study are: 1. What different strategies can adults identify with today when talking about their experiences as invulnerables? 2. In what way do invulnerables today feel that they received help from society in their childhood.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is chronic disease and the diploma thesis deals with the needs of students with this type of diabetes in selected primary schools. In the theoretical part I deal with the diet of these students, the education of children and their families, the problems arising from this disease and last but not least, the treatment and types of treatment for type I diabetes. I also mentioned the possible mental problems that can occur in children. In the practical part I found out the specific needs of students suffering from this disease. In my diploma thesis I set one main goal and that was to find out the needs of students. The data were provided with an unstructured interwiew with students from selected primary school. I addressed exactly 12 respondents with whom I interviewed. All interviews were without a single comlication and problem. I first met all the respondents to create friendly atmosphere for the upcoming convercation. During the interviews a large amount of data was indentified for processing. Thanks to the interviewe I came to the conclusion that students in primary school suffering from type I diabetes have certain needs. For example they need to have a mobile phone with them at all times and know subconsciously that they can call for help at any time. Furthermore...

Performativa handlingars genuskraft är en småskalig kvalitativ studie som bygger på socialkonstruktivism med Judith Butlers teori om genusskapande och performativitet som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Studiens syfte är att undersöka förskollärares och barnskötares performativa handlingar i språkbruket gentemot förskolebarn i naturmiljöer beroende på barnets biologiska kön. Avsikten är att belysa hur verksamma förskollärare och barnskötare i södra Sverige använder och uppfattar performativa handlingar i förhållande till förskolebarnets biologiska kön i naturmiljöer. Studien bygger på observationer i naturmiljöer och intervjuer av sex förskollärare och barnskötare. Resultatet visar att förskollärarna och barnskötarna genomför performativer i naturmiljöer och beskriver själva att de uppfattar att inga performativer genomförs medvetet. Mycket av förskollärarnas och barnskötarnas uppfattning grundar sig i inställningen till naturen som neutral med fokus på barnet som individ. Främst urskiljs performativa handlingar i förskollärares och barnskötares tonläge och röstvolym i resultatet. Barn vars biologiska kön tillhör flickor möter ett högre tonläge och svagare röstvolym medan pojkar bemöts med neutralt tonläge och något starkare röstvolym. Förskollärarna och barnskötarna tenderar till att prata med något mjukare och lugnare röst gentemot flickor. Även kroppsspråket gentemot barnet tyder på performativer där övervägande del av informanterna observerats använda något mjukare och mindre rörelser mot flickor. Slutligen indikerar resultatet att samtalsämne skiljer beroende på barnets biologiska kön.

La présente étude visait à déterminer les effets de l'âge de sevrage sur les performances de croissance, le développement du rumen et le microbiote chez les chevreaux alpins. Soixante-douze chevreaux ont été assignés au hasard par paires mâle et femelle à l'un des trois traitements. 1) sevrage précoce (EW), à l'âge de 6 semaines, 2) sevrage moyen (MW), à l'âge de 8 semaines (MW) et 3) sevrage tardif (LW), à 10 semaines d’âge (LW). Le lait de remplacement a été proposé ad libitum jusqu'à la semaine de sevrage, où le lait a été réduit de 12.5 % par jour pendant sept jours. Deux semaines après la naissance, du concentré, du foin et de l'eau ont été offerts à volonté jusqu'à l'âge de 12 semaines où les chevreaux ont été abattus. La consommation a été enregistrée quotidiennement et le poids corporel (PC) a été enregistré chaque semaine. Pour évaluer le développement du rumen, des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés pendant tout l'essai et analysés pour le β-hydroxybutyrate sanguin (BHB) et les acides gras non estérifiés (NEFA). Les mesures ruminales ont été prises à la semaine 12 avec les trente-six mâles seulement. Le contenu du rumen a été obtenu pour l'analyse de la composition bactérienne en utilisant la région V4 du gène de l'ARNr 16S et la qPCR a été utilisée pour quantifier les bactéries, les protozoaires et les champignons. Les papilles du rumen ont été analysées dans 4 régions du rumen : atrium du rumen (RA), sac ventral (VS), Cul-de-sac caudo-dorsal (DS) et Cul-de-sac caudo-ventral (VBS). Les chevreaux sevrés à 10 semaines, contre 8 semaines et 6 semaines avaient un gain quotidien moyen plus élevé pour la semaine post-sevrage (0.35 vs. 0.24 vs. 0.24 kg/j) et étaient plus lourds à la 12e semaine (27.44 vs. 25.45 vs. 24.07 kg, P< .05). Chez les animaux LW, le PC n'a pas été affecté pendant la période post-sevrage; probablement en raison d'un apport élevé en énergie métabolisable (EM) causé par la stratégie de sevrage contrairement à ce que nous observons chez les animaux EW et MW. Les taux sanguins de BHB ont augmenté au moment du sevrage pour tous les traitements, mais étaient plus élevés chez les chevreaux EW par rapport aux chevreaux MW (+ 21 %) et LW (+ 41 %) (P< .05). Les taux sanguins de NEFA chez les chevreaux EW ont augmenté au sevrage et étaient plus élevés que MW (+ 40 %) et LW (+ 101 %) chez les chevreaux (P< .05), suggérant une mobilisation plus prononcée du tissu adipeux chez les chevreaux sevrés précocement au sevrage. La population de microbiote en post-sevrage a montré que si le sevrage était retardé, l'abondance des bactéries totales semblait augmenter (P< .05) par rapport aux animaux EW, tandis que les protozoaires et les champignons diminuaient pour les LW. L'âge du sevrage semble induire des modifications du microbiote ruminal au cours du post-sevrage. Les mesures d'absorptiométrie à rayons X à double énergie (DEXA) des carcasses ont été utilisées comme indication de la récupération de la composition des graisses après le sevrage. Le tissu adipeux (%) dans LW était (9.4%) et EW était (7.2%) plus élevé par rapport à MW (P< .05). La surface totale de la papille était plus grande chez les chevreaux LW, par rapport aux chevreaux MW (+ 49 %) et EW (+ 22 %) (P< .05). Globalement, le sevrage des chevreaux à l'âge de 10 semaines a limité l'impact négatif d'un sevrage précoce sur la croissance et le développement du rumen de la race alpine. / The present study aimed to determine the effects of weaning age on growth performance, rumen development and microbiota composition in Alpine goat kids. Seventy-two kids were randomly assigned in pairs male and female to one of three treatments. 1) early weaning, at 6 wk of age (EW), 2) medium weaning, at 8 wk of age (MW) and 3) late weaning, at 10 wk of age (LW). Milk replacer (MR) was offered ad libitum until the step-down wk, when milk was reduced by 12.5% per day for seven days. Two wk after birth, starter ration, hay, and water were offered ad libitum until 12 wk of age where kids were slaughtered. Feed intake was recorded daily, and body weight (BW) was recorded weekly. To evaluate rumen development, blood samples were taken during the whole trial and analyzed for blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Ruminal measurements such as papillae, VFAs and microbiota were taken at wk 12 with only thirty-six males. Rumen contents were obtained for bacteria composition analysis using the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and qPCR was used to quantify bacteria, protozoa and fungi. Rumen papillae were obtained for histological analysis in 4 rumen areas: rumen atrium (RA), ventral sac (VS), caudodorsal blind sac (DS), and caudoventral blind sac (VBS). Kids weaned at 10 wk, compared with 8 wk and 6wk had higher average daily gain for the wk postweaning (0.35 vs. 0.24 vs. 0.24 kg / d) and were heavier at wk 12 (27.44 vs. 25.45 vs. 24.07 kg, P< .05). In LW animals, BW was not affected during post weaning period; possibly due to high metabolizable energy (ME) intake caused by the weaning strategy contrary to what was observed in EW and MW animals. Blood levels of BHB increased at weaning time for all treatments but were higher in EW compared to MW (+21%) and LW (+41%) kids (P< .05). Blood levels of NEFAs in EW kids spiked at weaning and were higher than MW (+ 40%) and LW (+101%) in kids (P< .05), suggesting a more pronounced adipose tissue mobilization in early weaned kids at weaning. Microbiota population in postweaning showed that while weaning was delayed, abundance of total bacteria seemed to increase (P< .05) compared with EW animals, whereas protozoa and fungi decreased for LW. Weaning age influences the ruminal microbiota during postweaning. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements of carcasses were used as an indication of fat composition recovery in post-weaning. Fat tissue (%) in LW was (9.4%), and EW was (7.2%) higher compared to MW (P< .05). The total papilla surface area was greater in LW, compared to MW (+49%) and EW (+22%) kids (P< .05). Overall weaning kids at 10 wk of age limited the negative impact of earlier weaning on growth and rumen development in the Alpine breed.

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