Des femmes missionnaires, poussées par leur « foi en Jésus Christ » et marquées par les préjugés relatifs à la supériorité raciale et à la puissance matérielle de l’Occident, rencontrent entre 1928 et 1960 les femmes autochtones du Congo belge, porteuses d’une culture millénaire, imprégnées elles-mêmes de préjugés et de craintes vis-à-vis des « étrangers blancs ».Ce face-à-face se déroule essentiellement hors du village de la femme indigène, à la « mission », espace « inventé » et « maitrisé » par les Pères et où les religieuses se considèrent comme des « invitées » qui, elles-mêmes, convient ou parfois contraignent les femmes autochtones à la confrontation. Ce rendez-vous se réalise en trois lieux spécifiques : lecatéchuménat, l’école et le dispensaire (ou l’hôpital).A l’occasion de cette confrontation, les religieuses construisent leur image de la femme autochtone pendant que cette dernière élabore, elle aussi, sa représentation de la femme missionnaire, venue « d’ailleurs ». Il y a ici comme une interaction et un jeu de miroirs qui aboutit à ce que les anthropologues qualifient de malentendu productif. / Missionary women, endowed with "faith in Jesus Christ" and prejudices concerning the racial superiority and material power of the West, encounter indigenous women between 1928 and 1960 in the Belgian Congo, with a thousand-year-old culture, imbued with prejudice and fears vis-à-vis "white foreigners".This confrontation takes place essentially outside the village of the indigenous woman, to the "mission", a space "invented" and "mastered" by the Fathers and where the nuns consider themselves as "guests" who themselves , invite or sometimes force indigenous women into confrontation. This encounter is made in three specific places: the catechumenate, the school and the dispensary (or the hospital).At the end of this confrontation, the nuns build up their image of the indigenous woman, while the latter also elaborates her representation of the missionary woman, who had come "from elsewhere". There is here as a game of mirrors that results in what anthropologists call productive misunderstanding.

Ce mémoire s’intéresse à la cohabitation intergénérationnelle en immeubles de type plex, en tant que stratégie de solidarité familiale observée à Montréal. Plus précisément, il s’agit de retracer l’histoire de ce mode d’habiter à travers les récits recueillis auprès d’une dizaine de familles québécoises. Les personnes rencontrées ont évoqué les motivations d’un tel projet, ont parlé de son élaboration, de la vie quotidienne dans le plex, de l’avenir de la cohabitation ou, le cas échéant, des motifs d’y mettre fin. La spécificité de la cohabitation intergénérationnelle en plex est de mettre à profit le cadre bâti résidentiel montréalais, composé d’un grand nombre de plex, dans le but plus ou moins explicite de resserrer les liens de la solidarité familiale. La démarche a donc consisté à reconstituer l’histoire d’une dizaine de familles ayant opté pour un tel mode d’habiter à Montréal, ceci à travers le récit d’un membre de la « génération-pivot », dans chacun de ces familles, susceptible de se situer au carrefour des solidarités : entre ses enfants dans la jeune vingtaine et ses parents et ses parents vieillissants. Deux objectifs principaux ont été poursuivis. Il s’agissait dans un premier temps de retracer le processus menant à une telle stratégie de proximité résidentielle et de détailler ensuite le fonctionnement quotidien de la cohabitation intergénérationnelle. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, trois questions ont guidé l’analyse du discours des répondants. Premièrement, quelles sont les motivations de ces familles? Deuxièmement, à quel point les réalités quotidiennes des membres cohabitants se voient-elles dès lors imbriquées? Troisièmement, quels enjeux sont soulevés par ce mode d’habiter? Les résultats mettent de l’avant de nombreux avantages à la cohabitation intergénérationnelle en plex, par exemple l’accès plus aisé à la propriété pour les jeunes générations, des possibilités accrues d’échanges de services concrets ou encore un sentiment de plus grande sécurité. Les enjeux soulevés par ce mode d’habiter sont également explorés et analysés du point de vue de la notion centrale sur laquelle repose ce projet familial et résidentiel, la notion d’indépendance. / This thesis focuses on intergenerational cohabitation in multi-lodging dwellings (duplexes, triplexes and such) in Montreal. Considering the extreme residential proximity involved, this form of habitation is defined as a strategy of family solidarity. More specifically, the motivations, the day-to-day operation and the challenges of this form of living are at the core of the thesis. The specificity of this form of residential strategy concerns its deep interconnection with Montreal’s built form, which contains a high number of “plexes” throughout its territory, which facilitates intergenerational cohabitation. The method consisted of interviewing ten families on their use of this residential strategy. The canvas of the interviews was chronological in order to emphasize the idea of a “project” that is sometimes inherent to intergenerational cohabitation. This way, the different steps leading to this form of habitation have been identified. The two principal objectives were to outline the process leading to intergenerational cohabitation and to highlight the possibilities of solidarity permitted by the day-to-day side of intergenerational cohabitation. Three questions guided the analysis of the participants’ speech. First, what are their motivations? Second, how is their daily routine affected by the extreme residential proximity? Third, what are the challenges of this form of living? The results show many advantages of this way of living, such as a faster access to ownership and a greater sense of security for elders. Although, some disadvantages have also been observed, especially around the independence of the tenants. Independence is the main way individuals express those disadvantages. On one hand, they wish to keep a maximum of their independence, and on the other hand, they are aware of the necessity to limit it to ensure the cohabitation.

Skolinspektionen menar att alla elever har rätt till att få sex- och samlevnadsundervisning. Den syftar till att stärka självkänslan hos eleverna och bidra till att de kan ta ansvarsfulla och medvetna beslut rörande sexualitet, relationer och hälsa. För att lärare ska känna sig bekväma och trygga i sin undervisande roll krävs kompetens i form av faktakunskaper och insikter om vilka arbetsmetoder som lämpar sig för ett visst moment. Skolinspektionen för fram vikten av att verktyg och stöd görs tillgängliga för lärare.Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån lärares beskrivningar få en fördjupad kunskap inom känsliga ämnen i sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen i gymnasiekurserna Biologi 2 och Naturkunskap 1a1. I denna studie genererade tre kvalitativa intervjuer, en parintervju samt två enskilda intervjuer resultat som användes som underlag för diskussion och slutsatser.Tidigare forskning på området har varit knapp och svår att hitta. Detta arbete söker öka kunskapsbidraget inom val av arbetssätt och hur undervisningen av känsliga ämnen inom sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen kan bedrivas.Som teoretisk utgångspunkt används den didaktiska triangeln som visar på en grundläggande beskrivning av hur lärare, elev och innehåll förhåller sig till varandra. Den utökade didaktiska triangeln ligger närmre som förklaringsmodell till detta arbete och fokus ligger på hur lärarens olika kompetenser utgör grunden för valet av vilka arbetssätt som används vid undervisning av känsliga ämnen.Lärarna har en hög medvetenhet om vilka faktorer som kan påverka sex- och samlevnadundervisningen. Informanterna uttrycker att det är av stor vikt att elevernas egna frågor får ta plats och att det är viktigt som lärare att skapa strukturer, arbetssätt, i undervisningen som avpersonifierar framförallt elever men även lärare och istället fokusera på sakfrågan.Även om elevernas önskemål till viss del bör ligga till grund för den undervisning som bedrivs är det läraren utifrån sin profession som ska styra den. Resultatet i denna studie visar att utifrån det informanterna berättat bör alla parametrar i den didaktiska triangeln (didaktisk kompetens, ämneskompetens samt social kompetens) tas i beaktning men att den sociala kompetensen i sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen verkar ha en mer avgörande roll än de övriga två. / The Swedish Schools Inspectorate believes that all students have the right to receive sex and cohabitation education. It aims to strengthen students' self-esteem and help them make responsible and conscious decisions regarding sexuality, relationships and health. In order for teachers to feel comfortable and secure in their teaching role, competence is required in the form of factual knowledge and insights into which working methods are suitable for a particular part. The Swedish Schools Inspectorate emphasizes the importance of tools and support being made available to teachers.The purpose of this study is to, based on teachers' descriptions, gain an in-depth knowledge of sensitive subjects in sex and cohabitation teaching in the upper secondary school courses Biology 2 and Natural Science 1a1. In this study, three qualitative interviews, a couple interview and two individual interviews generated results that were used as a basis for discussion and conclusions.Previous research in the field has been scarce and difficult to find. This work seeks to increase the knowledge contribution within the choice of working methods and how the teaching of sensitive subjects in sex and cohabitation education can be conducted.As a theoretical starting point, the didactic triangle is used, which shows a basic description of how teachers, students and content relate to each other. The extended didactic triangle is closer as an explanatory model for this work and the focus is on how the teacher's different competencies form the basis for the choice of which working methods are used in teaching sensitive subjects.Teachers have a high level of awareness of the factors that can affect sex and cohabitation education. The informants express that it is of great importance that the students' own questions take place and that it is important as a teacher to create structures, working methods, in teaching that depersonalize primarily students but also teachers and instead focus on the issue.Although the students' wishes should to some extent form the basis for the teaching that is conducted, it is the teacher based on his profession who should guide it. The results of this study show that based on what the informants said, all parameters in the didactic triangle (didactic competence, subject competence and social competence) should be taken into account, but that social competence in sex and cohabitation education seems to play a more decisive role than the other two.

L’espace et le quotidien des personnes autochtones vivant dans les communautés au Québec – et plus largement au Canada – sont fortement marqués par la présence des chiens qui s’y promènent librement, pouvant laisser croire qu’ils sont systématiquement errants lorsqu’ils sont observés d’un point de vue extérieur. Ainsi, la cohabitation humain-chien est parfois décrite comme étant problématique et soulève des enjeux de santé et de sécurité publique pour les vétérinaires ou les médias. Bien que plusieurs recherches précédentes aient eu pour objectif de régler les « problèmes de chiens » dans les communautés autochtones, peu d’entre elles ont cherché à comprendre l’émergence de ce phénomène. Ce mémoire tente d’éclairer cet angle mort de la recherche en présentant les résultats d’un terrain ethnographique effectué dans les communautés innues d’Ekuanitshit-Mingan, sur la Côte-Nord du Québec, et – plus brièvement – de Natuashish, au Labrador, à l’été 2022. Ancrée dans une perspective anthropologique, cette étude propose une lecture différente des « problèmes de chiens » en valorisant le point de vue interne des Innus par rapport à l’émergence de ce phénomène dans leur société. En combinant les approches ethnohistorique et ethnoéthologique, cette recherche de nature ethnozoologique propose de parcourir l’histoire de ce groupe autochtone et de comprendre les continuités et les transformations des rapports entre les Innus et leurs chiens entre le nomadisme et la sédentarisation. Les conclusions de ce mémoire permettent de comprendre que les « problèmes de chiens » en contexte innu sont une conséquence indirecte de la colonisation et constituent donc un problème colonial. / The space and daily life of indigenous people living in communities in Quebec – and more broadly in Canada – are strongly marked by the presence of dogs, which roam freely, giving the impression that they are systematically strays when observed from the outside. As a result, human-dog cohabitation is sometimes described as problematic, raising public health and safety issues for veterinarians and the media. While much previous research has focused on resolving “dog problems” in aboriginal communities, little of it has sought to understand the emergence of this phenomenon. This dissertation attempts to shed light on this research blind spot by presenting the results of an ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the Innu communities of Ekuanitshit-Mingan, on Quebec's Côte-Nord, and – more briefly – of Natuashish, in Labrador, during the summer of 2022. Rooted in an anthropological perspective, this study proposes a different reading of “dog problems” by valuing the Innu's own perspective on the emergence of this phenomenon in their society. By combining ethnohistorical and ethnoethological approaches, this ethnozoological research proposes to explore the history of this indigenous group and to understand the continuities and transformations in the relationship between the Innu and their dogs between nomadism and sedentarization. The conclusions of this dissertation allow us to understand that “dog problems” in the Innu context are an indirect consequence of colonization, and therefore constitute a colonial problem.

Master of Science / Department of Family Studies and Human Services / Walter R. Schumm / Fathers, once deemed as “forgotten contributors to child development” (Lamb, 1975, p. 246), may provide more than just a bread winning role for their children. More studies have examined the effects of a father’s absence and involvement on his children, specifically among adolescents’ early sexual activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of father absence on young adults’ choices of cohabitation, marriage and divorce. The data for this analysis came from The February-March 2007 Social Trends Survey by the Pew Research Center, a nationally representative sample in the United States. This analysis selected 802 young adult respondents (ages 18-40 year old). Results support previous research that the two key factors leading to father absence are children whose parent never married or whose parents divorced. Father absence was associated with children's future cohabitation rates for the whole sample, but not when examined individually by gender, race or ethnicity. Higher marriage rates were associated with father-present homes among men and in the overall sample, but not for women or according to race or ethnicity. No associations were found between father absence and children's future divorce rates. Tracking young adults’ rates of marriage and divorce according to father absence and cohabitation (tables 4.4 through 4.9) found that young adults who had the combination of a father-present and did not cohabit had the lowest divorce rates. Future research should investigate the disparity in father-present homes between those who did and did not cohabit, father and child religiosity, and father involvement. Implications for family life education were also presented.

This project employed a descriptive case study methodology guided by rational choice theory to examine the financial feasibility of marriage for low income women. By modeling the income and expenses of eight different low income family types in six states (Arizona, California, New York, Oklahoma, Virginia, and Wisconsin) this study illustrates the financial situation of various low income families. The family types under investigation include: a single parent family, a family receiving TANF, cohabiting couple with two wage earners, cohabiting couple with one wage earner, a married family with two wage earners, a married couple with one wage earner, a unmarried couple with an infant (unmarried fragile family), and a married couple with an infant (married fragile family). The income of each family type was calculated at two different wage levels (minimum and low wage for each state under investigation). Income included the welfare benefits and subsidies each of the family's is likely to receive (including child care subsidies and tax credits). The expenses of each family were calculated based on the size of the family and the cost of expenses such as housing and food expenditures. This study found that of the models presented here married families are not always financially better off when compared to single parent and cohabiting families. These findings demonstrate that if policy makers wish to support marriage among low income families they should first make marriage financially feasible for unmarried couples (particularly cohabiting couples) and create greater economic stability for couples that are already married. By providing consistent work supports (e.g. child care and health insurance), expanding programs that help low income families (such as the Earned Income Tax Credit), creating poverty measures that accurately reflect the real situation of low income families, and increasing the wages of low income workers, policy makers will create an environment where it is financially feasible for low income couples to marry and remain married.

The topic of this thesis is the legislation of cohabitation outside of marriage. The thesis focuses on the treatment of registered partnership in the Czech legal system and its equivalent in the French legal system - Pacte Civile de Solidarité. The thesis describes the historical development and current legal regulation of this issue, discussing the terms of formation of the partnership, the rights and obligations arising from this partnership and circumstances of termination of the partnerships in both Czech and French legislation. In the conclusion, both legislations are compared.

The thesis is focused on the current state of families in the Czech Republic and its individual regions. In addition to the basic characteristics of the family, this work captures the changes undergone by the family, especially in the areas of marriage and parenthood. The diploma thesis also analyzes the behavior of the Czech population through relevant statistical indicators, such as marriage, divorce, birth and fertility in the period of 1991-2008, both at the national level and at the district levels. Based on the analysed results of the statistical indicators, the author assesses whether there exist differences between individual regions of the Czech Republic, which relate to the family behavior of the population.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isabel Bernardes Ferreira.pdf: 447577 bytes, checksum: 001456d9c918498368ced71a95df0953 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The number of people living with the partner without formalize the relationship grows every year . Many of these couples break up, but little is known about the impact of separation on their lives and future relationships. Often, that there was no marriage or children , people expect quick and without major consequences recovery. This study aimed to discuss the loving disruption experienced by young adults who lived together in order to identify its variables and meanings. Therefore, we carried out a descriptive and exploratory qualitative study. A questionnaire with open and closed questions based on the literature, published and answered online was built. Based on the 35 questionnaires identified that, although the the breaking up in the condition cohabiting condition is simpler than divorce, once the legal compliance is not required, those involved undergo a significant distress to the separation and see the need to reorganize their lives in various spheres: sexual, emotional - affective , professional, economic , social and family relationships . The data found in this study support previous findings reporting that, generally, cohabitation is a short term experience it reaches the end, almost always before two years / O número de pessoas que vivem junto com o/a parceiro/a sem oficializar a relação cresce a cada ano. Muitos desses casais rompem o convívio, mas pouco se sabe sobre o impacto dessa separação sobre a vida e relacionamentos futuros dos envolvidos nessa situação. Frequentemente, por não ter havido casamento ou filhos, as pessoas esperam uma recuperação rápida e sem grandes consequências. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo problematizar o rompimento amoroso vivido por jovens adultos que moraram juntos, na perspectiva de identificar suas variáveis e significados. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo exploratório descritivo e qualitativo. Foi construído um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas baseado na literatura, divulgado e respondido on-line. Com base em 35 questionários identificou-se que, apesar de romper o relacionamento na circunstância da coabitação seja mais simples do que o divórcio, na medida em que não é necessária a observância legal, os sujeitos envolvidos passam por um sofrimento significativo com a separação e veem a necessidade de reorganizar suas vidas nas mais diversas esferas: sexual, emocional-afetiva, profissional, econômica, social e familiar. Os dados apresentados nessa pesquisa validam resultados anteriormente encontrados e informam que geralmente a coabitação é uma experiência de curta duração que chega ao fim quase sempre antes dos dois anos

Using a subsample of emerging adults from the Stepfamily Experiences Project (n = 989), we examine how parents' repartnering choices (nonmarital and premarital cohabitation) influence their emerging adult children's commitment-related relationship attitudes (attitudes about sex in committed relationships) and behaviors (hooking up). We further examine these processes at the intersection of race and gender. In this way, we expand the current emerging adult literature by exploring two understudied populations: emerging adults who grew up in stepfamilies, and emerging adults from diverse racial backgrounds. We divided our sample by race (black, Latino, American Indian, white, and multiracial) and gender, resulting in 10 groups. We compared those 10 groups using structural equation modeling within the Bayesian framework. We found a strong association for all groups between attitudes about sex in committed relationships and hooking up and a connection between parental cohabitation and hooking up, which connection was only explained by attitudes for white men. We also found significant variation at the intersection of race and gender for all but one of our hypothesized associations. These results highlight the importance of examining variation at the intersection of race and gender and also suggest that family of origin factors, such as parental cohabitation, may impact hooking up among emerging adults raised in stepfamilies.