Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / Este estudo analisa os processos (modelos e práticas) de avaliação da aprendizagem na Escola Técnica do SUS- ETSUS Profª. Ena de Araújo Galvão, uma instituição vinculada à Secretaria de Saúde do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e que tem como missão a formação e qualificação de trabalhadores de nível médio do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foram utilizadas as seguintes fontes de informação: a) projetos dos cursos técnicos (Técnico em Enfermagem, Técnico em Higiene Dental, Técnico em Radiologia, Técnico em Hemoterapia); b) planos de ensino ou programas das disciplinas; c) instrumentos de avaliação utilizados pelos professores; d) questionário; e) entrevistas semi-estruturadas. O objetivo desse estudo é refletir sobre os processos de avaliação praticados na ETSUS Profª. Ena de Araújo Galvão, considerando os relatos dos professores acerca dessas práticas avaliativas, a coerência desses relatos com os planos de ensino ou programas das disciplinas e os projetos dos cursos técnicos, tendo em vista alguns modelos (formativo e tradicional) de avaliação trabalhados por teóricos da educação. Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se considerar que a ETSUS Profª Ena de Araújo Galvão está passando por um processo de transição quanto ao modelo de avaliação da aprendizagem praticado. / This study analyses the records (samples and practices) of learning assessment at Escola Tecnica do SUS – ETSUS “Prof . Ena de Araujo Galvao”, an institution linked to the Health Department of Mato Grosso do Sul that has as its mission the training and qualification of workers from the intermediate level of the Sistema Único de Saude (SUS). The following sources of information were used for this study: a) records from these technical courses (Nursing technician, Dental Hygienist technician, Radiology technician, Hemotherapy technician ); b) teaching plans or the program of the subjects studied; c) instruments used by the teachers to assess the students; d) questionnaires; e) semi-structured interviews. This study intended to reflect upon the assessment methods applied at ETSUS “Prof Ena de Araujo Galvao”, taking into consideration the reports from the teachers about these methods, the consistency of these reports in relation to the teaching plans or program of the subjects and the records from the technical courses, having in mind some records samples (formative and traditional) of assessment used by theoreticians of education. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to realize that ETSUS “Prof. Ena de Araujo Galvao” is going through a process of transition regarding the method of learning assessment applied.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:54:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RommelWL_TESE.pdf: 2044651 bytes, checksum: e312d872467a37414bea30914a0fdd60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 / Furthered mainly by new technologies, the expansion of distance education has created a demand for tools and methodologies to enhance teaching techniques based on proven pedagogical theories. Such methodologies must also be applied in the so-called Virtual Learning Environments. The aim of this work is to present a planning methodology based on known pedagogical theories which contributes to the incorporation of assessment in the process of teaching and learning. With this in mind, the pertinent literature was reviewed in order to identify the key pedagogical concepts needed to the definition of this methodology and a descriptive approach was used to establish current relations between this conceptual framework and distance education. As a result of this procedure, the Contents Map and the Dependence Map were specified and implemented, two teaching tools that promote the planning of a course by taking into account assessment still in this early stage. Inserted on Moodle, the developed tools were tested in a course of distance learning for practical observation of the involved concepts. It could be verified that the methodology proposed by the above-mentioned tools is in fact helpful in course planning and in strengthening educational assessment, placing the student as central element in the process of teaching and learning / Com a expans?o da Educa??o a Dist?ncia, promovida principalmente pelos novos recursos tecnol?gicos, existe atualmente uma procura por ferramentas e metodologias que possibilitem trabalhar o ensino-aprendizagem, de acordo com teorias pedag?gicas consolidadas e que possam ser inseridas nos Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem. O objetivo deste trabalho ? apresentar uma metodologia de planejamento, baseada em teorias pedag?gicas j? comprovadas, e que contribua para a inser??o da avalia??o no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para isso foi realizada uma revis?o da literatura para identifica??o dos conceitos pedag?gicos necess?rios ? defini??o da metodologia e utilizado um m?todo descritivo no estabelecimento das rela??es existentes entre esses conceitos e a Educa??o a Dist?ncia. Como resultado desse processo, foram especificados e implementados o Mapa de Conte?dos e o Mapa de Depend?ncias, duas ferramentas pedag?gicas que promovem o planejamento de uma disciplina e possibilitam pensar a avalia??o ainda nessa fase. Implementadas no Moodle, as ferramentas desenvolvidas foram testadas em uma disciplina a dist?ncia para observa??o, na pr?tica, dos conceitos implementados. Com isso, foi poss?vel verificar que a metodologia de planejamento proposta, atrav?s das ferramentas desenvolvidas, auxilia no planejamento da disciplina e no processo de avalia??o do aluno, contribuindo para inser??o da avalia??o no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e colocando o aluno como elemento central desse processo

nÃo hà / Objetiva esta tese a validaÃÃo do teste TSIN(ql), que se criou pessoalmente, como instrumento de avaliaÃÃo qualitativa do processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Exprime tambÃm como objetivos: 1. demonstrar a lÃgica e psicolÃgica entre o Conhecimento (C), o Sentimento (S) e a AÃÃo (A), os psicomovimentos e o teste TSIN no trabalho pedagÃgico em sala de aula; 2. perceber a relevÃncia da Metodologia da CompreensÃo Existencial e do equilÃbrio CSA para o conhecimento e inter-relaÃÃo do EU-OS-OUTROS-E-O-MUNDO; 3. mostrar a importÃncia da formaÃÃo humanista do educador. A Metodologia da CompreensÃo Existencial consistiu no embasamento teÃrico deste estudo. Essa teoria foi criada pelo professor Leonel Correia Pinto, Livre Docente da Faculdade de EducaÃÃo (FACED), da Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC), nos anos de 1970. Defende o equilÃbrio entre as instÃncias Conhecimento (C), Sentimento (S) e AÃÃo (A), valorizando a inter-relaÃÃo do eu-os-outros-e-o-mundo. O TSIN, teste de carÃter predominante quantitativo, demonstrou a relaÃÃo tensional entre TensÃo (T), SituaÃÃo Estimuladora (S), Investimento (I) e NÃvel de Utilidade (N), mediante cÃlculo matemÃtico. A variaÃÃo desse teste - TSIN (ql) - manteve a estrutura das dimensÃes analisadas, mas deu Ãnfase aos conteÃdos das respostas, que foram utilizados para avaliaÃÃo do aluno, do professor e do processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Assume, pois, carÃter qualitativo. A teoria de Michael Scriven (1981) foi escolhida para proceder à avaliaÃÃo formativa e somativa desta pesquisa. A metodologia da demanda foi de natureza qualitativa, e o delineamento configurou um estudo de caso, realizado com 253 alunos de 12 turmas de pÃsgraduaÃÃo lato sensu, numa instituiÃÃo particular, nas cidades cearenses de Crato e Juazeiro do Norte, no perÃodo de 2012 a 2018. Os instrumentos para coleta de dados foram registros no caderno-diÃrio e o teste TSIN(ql). A quantidade de aspectos mencionados com relaÃÃo ao agrado (502) foi muito superior ao de desagrado (269). Os dados confirmaram a inter-relaÃÃo das dimensÃes T (tensÃo baixa); S (satisfaÃÃo elevada); que resultou em aprendizagem com sentido (I e N) para o desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional. Com base nesses resultados, a validade do teste TSIN (ql) foi confirmada. / The purpose of this thesis is to validate the TSIN(ql) test, created by the researcher as an instrument of quality assessment in the teaching learning process. It also offers as its objectives: 1. To demonstrate the logic and psychology that exists between the Understanding (U), the Sentiment (S) and the Action (A), the psycho movements and the TSIN test in the pedagogical work of the classroom; 2. To understand the relevance of the Existential Comprehension Methodology and the CSAâs balance for the understanding and interrelation between the SELF-THE OTHERS AND THE WORLD; 3. To show the importance a humanitarian formation in the educator. The Methodology of Existential Comprehension constitutes the theoretical basis for this study. This theory was created by Professor Leonel Correia Pinto, Titular Professor at the Faculty of Education (FACED), of the Federal University of Cearà (UFC), during the decade of 1970. It defends the balance between the qualities of Understanding (U), Sentiment (S) and Action (A), appreciating the interrelationship between self-the others and the world. The TSIN, test of quantitative character predominance, showed a tension relationship between Tension (T), Stimulating Situation (S), Investment (I) and the Utility Level (N), measured by mathematical calculation. The variation of this test â TSIN (ql) â maintained the structure of the dimensions analysed, but emphasized the contents of the answers, that were used for assessing the student, the teacher and the process of teaching and learning. It assumes therefore a qualitative character. The theory of Michael Scriven (1981) was chosen to proceed with the total formative assessment of this research. The research methodology was of a qualitative nature, and the delineation, a case study, carried out with 253 students from 12 groups of post graduate âlatu sensuâ students at a private institution in the Cearà cities of Crato and Juazeiro do Norte, during the period of 2012 to 2018. The instruments for the collection of data and the test TSIN(ql) were registered daily in a book controlled by the researcher. A number of aspects mentioned in relation to pleasing (502) were vastly superior to the aspects of displeasure (269). Further data confirmed the inter-relationship between the dimensions T (low tension); S (high satisfaction); resulted in learning with appreciation (I and N) for personal and professional development. Based on these results, the value and validity of the TSIN (ql) test were confirmed.

The research describes the theoretical and practical learnings about evaluation offered in the process of formation, assimilated by the students and used in the practices developed by graduates of the course of pedagogy at the Federal University of Alagoas, with specificity for the Campus of the backwoods, to answer the following question: between the theoretical and practical references on learning evaluation offered in the course of pedagogy of UFAL/Campus Sertão, which were assimilated by students in conclusion of course and how are worked by graduates? In this sense, were questioned fourteen graduatings in the 8th period of 2016.2, five graduates who work in basic education and the Coordinator of the course of pedagogy. The methodology is the descriptive study with a qualitative approach, whose investigative instruments consisted in the application of questionnaires to undergraduates and interviews with graduates and Coordinator. The interpretation of the data is based on content analysis proposed by Bardin. The theoretical reference discusses the main ideas of the authors who define the line of thought on the subject of teacher training and Learning evaluation, including Hoffmann, Furlan, Balzan and Sobrinho, Libâneo, Berger, Charlot among others. As a contribution, we analyzed the law of Guidelines and Bases for National Education nº 9394/96, the National Curriculum Guidelines for the course of pedagogy and the PPC of the course of Pedagogy of UFAL/Campus Sertão. The results of this investigation have made it possible to draw apicture of the current evaluation practices in the course of pedagogy and meet the conditions offered for teacher education from the perspective of the participants. The collected data evidenced that the students in conclusion of course and the graduates in professorial exercise were evaluated mainly by tests, seminars and micro classes, revealing the presence of an evaluative conception aligned to the old traditional verification of the learning, in which the critical perspective is not considered in the voices of the subjects. The research made it possible to explain an important knowledge built on evaluation of learning in the course of Pedagogy, also revealing that there is a criticism to the directions of the course, which appears as positive fact, since it was observed in the interviewees reports that they experience a slow and difficult process of changing evaluative practices, due to experiences in the university. It was verified, according to the graduating students, the contradiction between the theoretical reference worked in the discipline and the way of evaluation of some teachers. It was revealed that the graduates are formed with good knowledge, tending not to reproduce in the practical life the criticized method of evaluation in the university. Finally, the research provided important elements for reflection and possible transformations in teaching and evaluation practice for the good formation of pedagogues in general. / A pesquisa descreve as aprendizagens sobre avaliação ofertadas no processo de formação, construídas pelos graduandos e utilizadas nas práticas desenvolvidas pelos egressos do curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Alagoas – Campus do Sertão, para responder à seguinte questão: entre os referenciais teóricos e práticos sobre avaliação da aprendizagem trabalhados no curso de Pedagogia da UFAL/Campus Sertão, quais foram construídos pelos concluintes e como são trabalhados pelos egressos? Nesse sentido, foram questionados quinze concluintes do 8º período do semestre 2016.2, cinco egressos que atuam na Educação Básica e o Coordenador do curso de Pedagogia. A metodologia adotada é o estudo descritivo com a abordagem qualitativa, cujos instrumentos investigativos consistiram na aplicação de questionários aos graduandos e entrevistas com os egressos e o coordenador. A interpretação dos dados está alicerçada na análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. O referencial teórico discute as principais ideias dos estudiosos que definem a linha de pensamento sobre a temática da Formação Docente e Avaliação da Aprendizagem, destacando-se Hoffmann, Furlan, Balzan, Sobrinho, Libâneo, Berger, Charlot, entre outros. Como aporte documental, analisou-se a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional nº 9394/96, as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Pedagogia/Resolução CNE/CP nº1/2006 e o PPC do curso de Pedagogia da UFAL/Campus Sertão. Os resultados desta investigação permitiram traçar um quadro das práticas avaliativas vigentes no curso de Pedagogia e conhecer as condições ofertadas para a formação docente a partir da ótica dos participantes. Os dados coletados evidenciaram que os concluintes e egressos foram avaliados principalmente por provas, seminários e microaulas, revelando a presença de uma concepção avaliativa alinhada à verificação da aprendizagem, em que a perspectiva crítica pouco aparece nas vozes dos sujeitos. A pesquisa possibilitou explicitar um importante conhecimento construído sobre avaliação da aprendizagem no curso de Pedagogia, revelando também que há uma crítica aos direcionamentos do curso, o que surge como positivo, visto que se observou nos relatos dos entrevistados, que estes experimentam um lento e dificultoso processo de mudança das práticas avaliativas em razão das vivências na universidade. Verificou-se, segundo os concluintes e egressos, a contradição entre o referencial teórico trabalhado na disciplina e o modo de avaliação de alguns professores. Desvelou-se que os egressos formam-se com amplo aporte de conhecimento, tendendo a não reproduzirem na vida prática o método criticado de avaliação na universidade. Por fim, a pesquisa proporcionou importantes elementos para reflexão e possíveis transformações das práticas de avaliação e de formação de pedagogos de modo geral. / São Cristóvão, SE

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-04-23T19:15:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Idalina Rosa Mendes da Rocha Sa.pdf: 1214421 bytes, checksum: 19ab1142a85e87e19c884461f6c472f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-23T19:15:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Idalina Rosa Mendes da Rocha Sa.pdf: 1214421 bytes, checksum: 19ab1142a85e87e19c884461f6c472f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 / School failure, a multifaceted phenomenon, historically built and strongly rooted in the Brazilian educational system has been, over the years, a reason for concern and studies by many researchers in the area. As a result of purely summative and classificatory evaluations, there is much evidence of how severe their consequences can be to the learning process, social and psychological development of the students experiencing it, but these findings have not been enough to make the reproof no longer be considered as pedagogical resource that motivates students to study, to discipline themselves and to learn more. Considering that, the objective of this study was to verify what the high school students of IFPI / Campus Floriano think about the school failure experienced by them, and also to analyze the implications of school failure to the life and educational experiences of a high school student of IFPI (Campus Floriano), from the perspective of the students themselves. It is a bibliographical research complemented by a field research that had two moments of data gathering, the first of which happened next to the Coordination of Academic Control - CCA of IFPI Floriano Campus where data were collected on student school failures between years 2012 and 2016. The second moment was based on reflective interviewing and as participants 15 (fifteen) students who experienced school failure during high school. Data analysis was performed following the content analysis. The results showed how much the students themselves internalize a sense of guilt that the school failure occurred due to their own responsibility, as well as the impacts of the school failure being reflected in the family environment, in the dreams that needed to be put off and in the students' feelings. The family, along with the student, lives the failure and often feels frustrated, disappointed, even feeling like they failed too. Dreams and / or plans are impacted from the perspective that these students feel delayed because of their failure. Feelings of sadness, discouragement, despair, embarrassment, shame, guilt, fear, disappointment and frustration, even insecurity about his own learn ability also thoughts about the possibility of dropout were aroused from the school failure. As a counterpart to all these negative feelings and even acknowledging its existence, students reinforce the idea that failure can be a development factor of resilience in the school environment when they believe that it is not an experience that bad, since it lead them to learn more, become more mature and even seek their overcoming. About the school institution and the evaluative methods that are developed there, the results signal to the fact that the students, in spite of totally assuming their guilt for their failure, think about this based on their own principles of justice and injustice. They do not agree with the summative evaluations and make clear the desire to be evaluated, also, in the qualitative aspects. / La reprobación escolar, fenómeno multifacético, históricamente construido y fuertemente arraigado en lo sistema educacional brasileño he sido, por muchos años, motivo de preocupación y estudios por muchos investigadores del área. Por ser resultado de avaluaciones solamente sumativas y clasificatorias, existen muchas evidencias de cómo son severas y cuáles son sus consecuencias en el proceso de aprendizaje, desarrollo social y psicológico de los alumnos que la vivencian, pero las constataciones non son suficientes para que la reprobación deje de ser considerada como recurso pedagógico que motiva los alumnos a estudiaren, a disciplinaren se y a aprendieren cada vez más. Con esta investigación se he buscado verificar lo que piensan los alumnos de la secundaria de lo Instituto Federal de la provincia de Piauí y de la ciudad de Floriano a respecto de la reprobación escolar por ellos vivida y, por lo demás, analizar que implicaciones la reprobación escolar trae a su vida y a las vivencias educacionales de un alumno de la secundaria de este Instituto en la perspectiva de los propios alumnos. Tratase de una pesquisa bibliográfica que se complementa por una pesquisa de campo que tuve dos momentos de coleta de dados, siendo que lo primero se dio junto a la Coordinación de lo Controle Académico – CCA de lo IFPI Campus Floriano donde fueron recogidos dados numéricos referentes a las reprobaciones de alumnos entre los años 2012 e 2016. El segundo momento hube por instrumento la entrevista reflexiva y como participantes 15 (quince) alumnos que vivenciaran la reprobación durante la Secundaria. La analice de los dados fui realizada de acuerdo con las ideas de la analice de contenido. Los resultados indicaron lo cuanto los propios alumnos internalizan un sentimiento de culpa de que la reprobación escolar ocurre por responsabilidad únicamente suya, así como apuntan impactos de la reprobación que se reflecten en lo ambiente familiar, en los sueños que precisaran ser postergados y en los sentimientos de los alumnos. La familia, juntamente con lo alumno, vive la reprobación y se siente, por veces, frustrada, decepcionada, llegando a sentir se también reprobada. Los sueños y planes son impactados a partir de la perspectiva de que los alumnos se sienten atrasados por conta da reprobación. Sentimiento de tristeza, de desánimo, de desespero, de vergüenza, de culpa, de medo, de decepción y de frustración y de inseguridad a respecto de su capacidad de aprender e el pensamiento sobre la posibilidad de evasión fueron despertados a partir da reprobación. En contrapartida a todos estos sentimientos negativos y mismo reconociendo la existencia de ellos, los alumnos refuerzan la idea de que la reprobación puede ser un factor de desarrollo de la resiliencia en nel ambiente escolar cuando creen que no es una vivencia de todo mala, pues ha hecho con que aprendiesen más y pudieran buscar la superación. A respecto de la institución escolar y sus métodos evaluativos los resultados señalizan para el hecho de que los alumnos, mismo asumiendo por completo su culpa por la reprobación, piensan así teniendo por base sus principios de justicia y injusticia. No están de acuerdo con las avaluaciones sumativas y dejan claro lo deseo de ser avaluados, también por los aspectos cualitativos. / A reprovação escolar, fenômeno multifacetado, historicamente construído e fortemente arraigado no sistema educacional brasileiro tem sido, ao longo dos anos, motivo de preocupação e estudos por muitos pesquisadores da área. Sendo resultado de avaliações puramente somativas e classificatórias, existem muitas evidências do quão severas podem ser suas consequências ao processo de aprendizagem, desenvolvimento social e psicológico dos alunos que a vivenciam, mas essas constatações não têm sido suficientes para que a reprovação deixe de ser considerada enquanto recurso pedagógico que motiva os alunos a estudarem, a se disciplinarem e a aprenderem mais. Diante disso, objetiva-se verificar o que pensam os alunos do Ensino Médio do IFPI/Campus Floriano sobre a reprovação escolar por eles vivenciada e, ainda, analisar que implicações a reprovação escolar traz à vida e às vivências educacionais de um aluno do Ensino Médio do IFPI (Campus Floriano), na perspectiva dos próprios alunos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica complementada por uma pesquisa de campo que teve dois momentos de coleta de dados, sendo que o primeiro se deu junto à Coordenação de Controle Acadêmico – CCA do IFPI Campus Floriano, onde foram coletados dados numéricos referentes às reprovações de alunos entre os anos 2012 e 2016. O segundo momento teve por instrumento a entrevista reflexiva e como participantes 15 (quinze) alunos que vivenciaram a reprovação durante o Ensino Médio. A análise dos dados foi realizada seguindo a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam o quanto os próprios alunos internalizam um sentimento de culpa de que a reprovação escolar aconteceu por responsabilidade unicamente sua, assim como apontam impactos da reprovação sendo refletidos no ambiente familiar, nos sonhos que precisaram ser postergados e nos sentimentos dos alunos. A família, juntamente com o aluno, vive a reprovação e sente-se, por vezes, frustrada, decepcionada, chegando, até mesmo, a sentir-se também reprovada. Os sonhos e/ou planos são impactados a partir da perspectiva de que os alunos se sentem atrasados por conta da reprovação. Sentimento de tristeza, de desânimo, de desespero, de constrangimento, de vergonha, de culpa, de medo, de decepção e de frustração e, ainda, de insegurança acerca da sua própria capacidade de aprender e o pensamento acerca da possibilidade de evasão foram despertados a partir da reprovação. Em contrapartida a todos esses sentimentos negativos e mesmo reconhecendo a existência deles, os alunos reforçam a ideia de que a reprovação pode ser um fator de desenvolvimento da resiliência no ambiente escolar quando acreditam que não é uma vivência de todo ruim, pois fez com que aprendessem mais, amadurecessem, buscassem a superação. Sobre a instituição escolar e os métodos avaliativos que são desenvolvidos, os resultados sinalizam para o fato de os alunos, mesmo assumindo inteiramente sua culpa pela reprovação, pensarem sobre o fenômeno baseando-se nos seus princípios de justiça e injustiça. Não concordam com as avaliações somativas e deixam claro o desejo de serem avaliados, também, nos aspectos qualitativos.

Durant les deux dernières décennies, la pression à l’évaluation chiffrée, dans le système éducatif québécois, s’est grandement intensifiée. Cette pression a provoqué un accroissement du nombre d’évaluations chiffrées dans les écoles, entrainant dans son sillage des dérives au plan de la pratique comme le gonflement artificiel des notes des élèves pour satisfaire les cibles du Ministère de l’Éducation en matière de réussite. La pression prend de l’ampleur à la fin du primaire, au moment où les élèves de 6e année doivent opérer le passage vers le secondaire. Dans la foulée, la performance scolaire traduite par la note chiffrée représente un critère de choix pour sélectionner les élèves dans certains établissements privés d’enseignement réputés pour leur « excellence ». Dans ce contexte, l’évaluation chiffrée est devenue un enjeu sociopolitique. À ce jour, la recherche a surtout documenté les impacts psychologiques de la pression à l’évaluation chiffrée sur le travail d’enseignant·e·s (stress, anxiété, fatigue, abandon) ; peu d’attention a été portée à la manière dont les enseignant·e·s s’ajustent pour composer avec ce contexte. Ainsi, ce mémoire vise à comprendre comment des enseignant·e·s de 6e année du primaire s’adaptent face à la pression à l’évaluation chiffrée des apprentissages des élèves québécois. Plus précisément, il documente les formes d’adaptations secondaires que les enseignant·e·s déploient pour négocier les contraintes institutionnelles et les conventions professionnelles qui se construisent autour de l’évaluation chiffrée des apprentissages. La théorie de Perrenoud (2004b) sur le « métier d’élève » est ici transposée au « métier d’enseignant » afin d’éclairer ces adaptations secondaires. Sur le plan méthodologique, le point de vue des enseignant·e·s a été privilégié, recueilli au moyen d’entretiens individuels conduits auprès de 4 enseignantes de 6e année travaillant dans des établissements d’enseignement primaire de Montréal et de Laval. Les données recueillies sont présentées suivant deux registres d’analyse. Dans le premier registre, le matériau de recherche est analysé selon le point de vue des participantes à partir d’une stratégie de raisonnement par questionnement analytique (Paillé et Mucchielli (2016). Il en ressort trois catégories d’adaptations secondaires que les enseignantes ont développées pour s’affranchir un peu de l’influence externe qui pèse sur leur travail, à savoir : l’allègement des tâches d’évaluation, l’alignement des modalités d’évaluation et l’ajustement de l’évaluation selon une commande externe. Dans le deuxième registre, en cohérence avec la démarche inductive employée, un éclairage complémentaire est mobilisé pour donner sens à la dynamique d’actions réciproques entre les acteurs qui sous-tend ces stratégies d’adaptation. Il s’agit de la théorie de la régulation sociale de Reynaud (1979), issue de la sociologie des organisations. Combinée aux apports d’autres auteurs affiliés à une perspective interactionniste, cette théorie conduit à éclairer la fabrique de l’évaluation par la mise en relief de trois stratégies de régulation : la régulation de contrôle, la régulation autonome et la régulation conjointe. / Over the past two decades, high-stakes testing has been on the rise in Quebec’s educational system. This pressure provoked an increase in the number of quantitative assessments in schools, leading to some dubious practices such as test score inflation in order to meet the achievement standards established by the Ministry of Education. The pressure is particularly high during the last year of primary education (6th grade) as test scores constitute a key selection criterion for admission into certain private secondary schools known for their “excellence”. In this context, quantitative assessment has become a socio-political issue. To date, research has mainly documented the psychological impacts of high-stakes testing on teachers (stress, anxiety, fatigue, attrition); whilst less attention has been paid to the ways in which teachers adapt to this context. Thus, this research aims to understand how the pressure to increase quantitative assessment affects the teaching profession in Quebec. Precisely, it documents the forms of secondary adaptations that teachers deploy to negotiate institutional constraints and professional agreements concerning the quantitative assessment of learning. Perrenoud's theory (2004b) on “studenting” is transposed to “teachers’ work” to shed light on these secondary adaptations. Methodologically, teachers’ perspectives were foregrounded through individual interviews with four sixth grade teachers working in Montreal and Laval. The data collected are presented using two levels of analysis. At the first level, the data were analyzed from the point of view of the participants, by following an analytical questioning reasoning strategy (Paillé & Mucchielli, 2016). Three categories of secondary adaptations that teachers developed to cope with the external influence that weighs on their work, are identified namely: simplifying evaluation tasks, aligning evaluation methods, and adjusting grades according to an external command. At the second level, the inductive approach adopted at the outset of this research led to mobilizing a complementary perspective drawn from organizational sociology, i.e. Reynaud’s theory of social regulation (1979). Together with other works within an interactionist perspective, this level of analysis helps explain the production of evaluation by highlighting three regulatory strategies: controlled regulation, autonomous regulation, and joint regulation.

This thesis offers an assessment design for collaborative learning, utilisation of blended learning support through current communication technologies and highlights the crucial role of the tutor. The thesis designed and tested a theoretical framework which encompassed an active learning environment and resulted in the development of the shamrock conceptual framework. To test the theoretical framework, clarify the role of the tutor and the impact on the learner experience two studies were undertaken using pedagogical models that combined the concepts of learner-centric, sociocultural and dialogic perspectives on collaborative learning and technology in meeting the needs of learners in the 21st Century. In the first study, the role of the tutor was found to be crucial in setting, implementing and guiding learners using the assessment design as part of a social constructivist pedagogical practice. The pedagogical approach adopted was to blend face-to-face and Wiki learning experiences and was found to promote learner ownership, engagement and the fostering of a learning community. The second study validated the first and provided additional asynchronous technology experiences in addition to the Wiki blend in the assessment design. Study 2 examined the role of the tutor and the learner whilst using current technologies comprising podcasts and video and a Wiki in the collaborative experience. Findings showed that the Wiki supported community and collaborative aspects of a sociocultural practice whilst learners were engaged in authentic learning activities and led to a well supported learning environment. The importance of technology design and use to accommodate collaborative and community aspects was found to be an essential component. It was found that technology is not simply an add-on but rather needs to be planned and considered purposefully by both tutors and learners when used in a blend to supplement learning on campus as part of an assessment design in higher education. This study has shown that, for this to happen, academics need to be provided with the appropriate support, knowledge and skills required in developing a blended learning experience using a Wiki supplemented by class contact on campus as part of an assessment design.

This study was devoted to researching the effectiveness of e-learning, in terms of the reported experiences of the Language Services section employees in Parliament RSA. At present, the internet is seen as a successful and influential educational tool in both academic and corporate institutions. Academically, it has been adopted for e-learning methods of teaching and learning. It is perceived as a cost-effective method of providing lifelong education. It is important to know about the pros and cons of e-learning in adult education and compare them with the experiences of the people who are and have been engaged in adult education. To create an adult education skills development framework that can be used successfully in e-learning, it is important to get information about and from the people concerned regarding their learning experiences. To understand more about the influence of e-learning, this study administered a questionnaire to the employees of the Language Services Section of Parliament who participated in the pilot learning programmes offered by Parliament. The questionnaire was designed to gather structured responses from the participants in the inquiry. The results were studied and applied to draw recommendations for what can be improved in the programme to promote and endorse continuing learning experiences as is the aim of the in-house programme offered by Parliament. The study also has relevance in terms of a discussion of issues that arise in the literature on adult education, which were located as part of the study. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Adult Education)

L’évaluation est une activité intrinsèquement liée à l’acte d’enseigner. Elle se réalise par des pratiques évaluatives qui découlent de pratiques enseignantes et de fondements pédagogiques. La recherche dans le domaine de l’évaluation des apprentissages se développe constamment dans la formation générale des jeunes, ce qui n’est pas le cas dans le secteur particulier de l’adaptation scolaire. En effet, l’évaluation des compétences scolaires des élèves handicapés, en difficulté d’apprentissage ou d’adaptation est un sujet peu abordé dans la littérature scientifique ou professionnelle, et c’est encore plus vrai pour les apprenants présentant des troubles spécifiques comme celui du spectre de l’autisme. Plusieurs chercheurs se sont intéressés aux modalités favorisant l’inclusion en classe ordinaire d’élèves présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA), tandis que d’autres se sont penchés sur les interventions permettant le contrôle de leurs comportements autistiques en milieu scolaire. Il en ressort qu’auprès des élèves présentant un TSA, qui sont de plus en plus nombreux dans les systèmes scolaires, il est nécessaire d’aménager un espace et d’offrir des contenus pédagogiques adaptés afin de rendre accessibles les apprentissages et l’évaluation. L’objectif principal de la présente thèse est de documenter les façons d’évaluer les compétences scolaires d’élèves présentant un TSA au premier cycle du secondaire pour la discipline français langue d’enseignement sous l’angle de l’appropriation de pratique évaluatives mises en œuvre par les enseignants. Pour y parvenir, nous aborderons le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle des enseignants face aux pratiques évaluatives, nous observerons la mise en place de nouvelles pratiques évaluatives à travers un processus d’appropriation et nous décrirons le développement d’instruments en support à l’évaluation des compétences. Quatre textes constituent le corps de la thèse. Le premier est une recension des écrits cernant la pertinence sociale et scientifique de notre sujet d’étude, suivi par trois articles scientifiques qui traitent des objectifs spécifiques du projet de recherche. Le premier article scientifique aborde le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle (SEP) des enseignants en lien avec l’appropriation de pratiques évaluatives dans le contexte de classe spécialisée dédiée aux élèves présentant un TSA. Ce concept émanant des travaux de Bandura se prête bien pour analyser la progression dans les pratiques évaluatives mises en place par les enseignants. Le deuxième article présente le processus d’appropriation de pratiques à travers la mise en place de la démarche d’évaluation aménagée spécifiquement pour ce type d’apprenants. En effet, de la planification des apprentissages et de l’évaluation à la communication des résultats, les façons de faire des enseignants sont continuellement réajustées en regard du programme de formation prescrit et des situations d’apprentissage et d’évaluation proposées aux élèves. Le troisième article se concentre sur le développement des grilles d’évaluation descriptives analytiques qui soutiennent les pratiques évaluatives mises en place tout au long du processus. Afin de répondre aux besoins variés d’élèves se situant à différents endroits sur le spectre de l’autisme, ces grilles permettent d’aider les enseignants à porter un jugement juste et équitable. Les résultats de notre projet de recherche mettent en évidence les obstacles rencontrés par les participants lors de la mise en place de pratiques évaluatives. Il semble que leur aménagement soit encore difficile à cerner, à mettre en place et à intégrer à la pratique enseignante. De plus, les spécificités des élèves présentant un TSA rendent la tâche évaluative de l’enseignant plus complexe et peuvent entrainer des difficultés à réaliser une évaluation juste et équitable du niveau de compétences de chacun des élèves. Notre thèse pose un premier regard sur un aspect de l’enseignement-évaluation délicat qui peut être influencé par plusieurs facteurs. Néanmoins, notre contribution au domaine de l’évaluation permettra d’orienter les recherches futures dans la poursuite du questionnement et du développement de pratiques évaluatives auprès d’élèves du secteur de l’adaptation scolaire et ordinaire tout en promouvant une vision inclusive de l’évaluation. / Learning assessment is an activity intrinsically linked to the act of teaching. It is achieved through evaluative practices that stem from teaching practices and pedagogical foundations. Research in the field of learning assessment is constantly developing in the general education of students, however this is not the case in special education. The assessment of the academic skills of students with disabilities, learning difficulties or adaptation is a subject little discussed in the scientific or professional literature. This is even more true for learners living with specific disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several researchers have focused on ways to promote the inclusion of students with ASD in regular classes, while others have focused on interventions to control their autistic behavior in the school environment. Their results suggest that for the increasingly numerous students with ASD, it is necessary to develop a space and educational content to make learning and assessment accessible. The main objective of this thesis is to document the ways to assess the academic skills of students with ASD in the first cycle of secondary school for the French language discipline, from the perspective of the evaluation practices implemented by teachers. To achieve this, we will delve into the teachers' self-efficacy perceptions in relation to these practices, we will observe the establishment of new practices through an appropriation process and we will describe the development of tools in support of competency assessment. Four texts constitute the thesis. The first is a literature review identifying the social and scientific relevance of our subject of study, followed by three scientific articles addressing the specific objectives of the research project. The first scientific article focuses on teachers’ self-efficacy perception relative to the appropriation of evaluative practices in the context of a specialized class dedicated to students with ASD. This concept emanating from the work of Bandura lends itself well to analyzing the progression in the evaluative practices put in place by teachers. The second article presents the appropriation of practices through the implementation of an evaluation process designed specifically for this type of learner. From the planning of learning and evaluation to the communication of results, the teachers’ methodologies are continually readjusted in accordance with the prescribed training program and the learning and evaluation situations offered to the students. The third article focuses on the development of rubrics that supported the evaluation practices implemented throughout the process. In order to meet the varied needs of students located at different places on the autism spectrum, these rubrics provide tools for teachers to make a fair and equitable judgment. The results of our research project highlight the obstacles encountered by the participants when implementing evaluation practices. It seems that their integration is still a process that is difficult to identify, implement and integrate into teaching practice. In addition, the specificities of students with ASD make the teacher's task of assessment more complex and can lead to difficulties in carrying out a fair and equitable assessment of each student. Our thesis takes a first look at a delicate aspect of teaching-evaluation that can be influenced by several factors. Nevertheless, our contribution to the field of learning assessment will help guide future research in the development of evaluation practices with students in the special education and mainstream tracks, while promoting an inclusive vision of evaluation.

Les adultes allophones peu ou pas scolarisés (AAPPS) rencontrent des défis pour effectuer des tâches essentielles dans la société québécoise en raison de leurs compétences langagières limitées. Leur intégration socioculturelle et professionnelle s’avère donc difficile et soulève des enjeux socioéconomiques tant pour les AAPPS que pour la société en pénurie de main-d’œuvre. En apprenant le français dans le contexte formel de scolarité, les AAPPS font face à d’autres défis d’acculturation aux conventions scolaires, notamment aux évaluations formelles des apprentissages. En étudiant les particularités des AAPPS, Abbott et al. (2021), de même que Gonzalves (2020) ont mis en question l’évaluation de ce public parce qu’elle est faite de l’angle des personnes scolarisées sans considérer la perspective des AAPPS. Quant à Altherr Flores (2020), elle a critiqué la tendance à supposer que les AAPPS comprenaient l’évaluation alors qu’ils ignoraient les attentes des évaluateurs et leur rôle comme évalué selon Simpson (2006). Ces préoccupations soulèvent des enjeux éthiques d’équité, de diversité et de différenciation pédagogique pour une évaluation adéquate, d’où l’intérêt au sens de l’expérience évaluative aux yeux des AAPPS en cours formelle de francisation. Pour ce faire, l’approche phénoménologique de Giorgi (1997) permet d’étudier l’expérience des phénomènes vécus telle que comprise par les acteurs sociaux. L’analyse de six entretiens individuels semi-dirigés menés en arabe maghrébin, auprès de six participantes issues du Maghreb, permet de comprendre l’expérience évaluative des AAPPS comme un processus dynamique et continu d’exploration, d’acculturation et de maturation. L’exploration met en relief les premières expériences évaluatives caractérisées par la confrontation à la nouveauté, la surprise, le stress et le choc de l’échec. En acculturation, les AAPPS approprient l’évaluation et développent des stratégies pour réussir et pour gérer le stress qui diminue, mais demeure présent. Et en maturation, elles et ils réfléchissent sur leur évaluation, échec et réussite en lien avec leur besoin et habileté à l’extérieur de la classe. Ces résultats contribuent à éclairer les angles morts de l’expérience évaluative des AAPPS et présentent un appui pour les conceptrices et concepteurs des évaluations visant ce public. / Allophone adults with little or no schooling (AAPPS) face challenges in performing essential tasks in Quebec because of their limited language skills. Their socio-cultural and professional integration is therefore difficult and raises socio-economic issues both for the AAPPS and for the society facing a labour shortage. Learning French in the context of formal schooling, AAPPS face challenges related to acculturation to school conventions, particularly those of formal learning assessment. Based on the particularities of AAPPS, Abbott et al. (2021) as well as Gonzalves (2020) have questioned the assessment of this audience because it is made from the angle of educated people without considering the perspective of AAPPS. As for Altherr Flores (2020), she criticized the tendency to assume that AAPPS understood the assessment while ignoring the fact that AAPPS might misunderstand the expectations of the evaluators and their role as evaluated according to Simpson (2006). These concerns raise ethical issues of equity, diversity, and pedagogical differentiation for an adequate assessment, hence the interest in the meaning that the AAPPS give to their assessment experience in the formal francization course. The phenomenological approach of Giorgi (1997) makes it possible to study the experience of lived phenomena as understood by social actors. The analysis of the six semi-directed individual interviews conducted with six participants from the Maghreb in Maghrebi Arabic, allows us to understand the evaluative experience of the AAPPS as a dynamic and continuous process of exploration, acculturation, and maturation. Exploration concerns the first evaluative experiences characterized by the confrontation with novelty, surprise, stress, and the shock of failure. In the acculturation phase, AAPPS appropriate assessment and develop strategies to succeed and manage stress that diminishes but remains present. And in maturation, they reflect on their assessment, failure, and success in relation to their needs and abilities outside the classroom. These results shed light on blind spots of the AAPPS assessment experience and provide support for designers of assessment aimed at this audience.