An inspection carried out by the Swedish Schools Inspectorate shows that sex and cohabitation education in Swedish schools lack when it comes to content regarding norms and LGBTQ. Statistics from the Swedish Agency for Youth and Civil Society also show that young LGBTQ people suffer to a greater extent from mental illness in comparison with other young people. Since educational materials have a predominant role in teaching, this study aims to investigate the way in which gender and sexual orientation are presented in three digital biology educational materials for grades 4-6. Furthermore, the study aims to analyze which types of presentations are given the most space and thus can be considered to represent norms in the educational materials. This study intends to answer the following questions: In what way is gender and sexual orientation presented in three biology teaching materials for grades 4-6? Which presentations are given the most space and can therefore be considered normative? From an overall queer theoretical perspective but also with help from a number of definitions, an educational material analysis combined with a discourse analysis has been performed on three biology teaching materials for pupils in year 4-6. In the analysis, a number of discourse questions were used as support to be able to select examples from the text which were then categorized into different analysis categories. The results of the study show that gender was most often linked to bodily aspects such as genitals and hormones. The sexes were also mostly divided into the categories woman and man. The three sexual orientations that are included in the Swedish discrimination law were explicitly presented. With the help of the discourse analysis, however, it could be stated that a heteronormative approach permeates the educational materials, mainly in the parts that deal with conception and intercourse. Altogether, man and woman could be interpreted as the normative gender and heterosexuality to be the normative sexuality

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abstract: The secret Facebook group ////sads only/// was formed in October 2015 to provide a safe space for women and trans and nonbinary people to express their emotions, a sort of digital support group. Members can post individually about things happening in their lives, comment on other members’ posts with advice or support, and contribute to discussion threads. Common subject matters include mental health, relationships, sexuality, gender identity, friendships, careers, family, art, education, and body image. The group’s location on Facebook adds to its utility – it can be an alternative site of community-making and communication, away from the often toxic, triggering, or just plain negative posts that clog up social media news feeds and the unsolicited comments that get appended. The group is informed by principles of affect theory, and in particular, sad girl theory, which was developed by the artist Audrey Wollen. She suggests that femme sadness is a site of power and not just vulnerability. In her view, sadness isn’t passive existence, but instead, an act of resistance. Specifically, it uses the body in a way that is crucial to many definitions of activism, incorporating the violence of revolution, protest, and struggle that has historically been gendered as male. This thesis examines the history and future directions of the ///sads only/// group as well as its theoretical underpinnings and the implications of its intervention, considering such perspectives as cultural studies, gender performance, identity formation, digital citizenship, mental health, and feminist activism. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Women and Gender Studies 2019

It is common knowledge that LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) communities experience disparate rates of mental health concerns, including greater levels of self-reported depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and suicidal behavior (Bränström, Hatzenbuehler, & Pachankis, 2016). As an example, gay and bisexual men are four times as likely and lesbian and bisexual women are 2 times as likely, to attempt suicide compared to heterosexual counterparts (King et al., 2008). Between 25-43% of transgender persons have a lifetime history of suicide attempts, compared to 5% of the general US population (Nock & Kessler, 2006). Such poor mental health outcomes may be due, in part, to a lack of acceptance by society in the form of discrimination and unequal rights, and to rejection by family, friends and the self, including internalized homophobia, concealment and shame (Skerrett, Kõlves, & De Leo, 2016). LGBTQ persons are also more likely to have experienced trauma, including physical and sexual abuse, as well as interpersonal violence by intimate partners, family and strangers (LangenderferMagruder, Whitfeld, Walls, Kattari, & Ramos, 2016). LGBTQ communities, therefore, constitute a vulnerable and marginalized population, who are already at risk for rejection and abuse with consequent deleterious effects on physical and mental health, including risk for suicide.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att genom en innehållsanalys ta reda på hur läroböcker i samhällskunskap framställer HBTQ-personer och könsidentitet. I uppsatsen beskrivs en bakgrund till både genusteori och queerteori för att kunna få en förståelse för de teoretiska begreppen som ligger till grund för uppsatsen. Kodschemat i uppsatsen är konstruerat utifrån olika teoretiska begrepp. Denna uppsats ger en bakgrund till tidigare forskning inom området och materialet som studien genomförs på är totalt sex läroböcker i olika kurser för samhällskunskap på gymnasiet. Resultatet av analysen visar att HBTQ-personer och könsidentitet framställs olika i läroböckerna och genom fyra identifierade teman. Dessa teman är sexualitet och kärlek, lagstiftning och rättigheter, kön och könstillhörighet samt HBTQ som paraplybegrepp.  Resultatet visar att läroböckerna har ett heteronormativt perspektiv samt innehållet få normkritiska reflektioner. Resultatet visar även att i några läroböcker framställs inte HBTQ-personer eller könsidentitet alls. Resultatet visar även att läroböckerna inte definierar begreppen och att det i vissa fall inte stämmer överens med de vetenskapliga teoretiska begreppen. Uppsatsens resultat indikerar på konsekvenser för både lärare och elever. En avsaknad av HBTQ-personer och könsidentitet i läroböcker kan få konsekvenser för elevers utbildning. Slutsatsen är att lärare kan behöva komplettera läroböckerna i sin undervisning och ta ansvar för att ha kunskap om HBTQ-personer och könsidentitet för att inkludera och genomföra normkritiska reflektioner i sin undervisning. Förslag på vidare forskning kan vara att intervjua bokförlag om processen och innehållet i läroböckerna.

This thesis presents the results of a qualitative survey designed to explore the provision and promotion of LGBTQ-themed resources in UK secondary school libraries. The aim of this thesis is to understand the practice of secondary school librarians in relation to the selection and promotion of LGBTQ-themed resources. By achieving this aim the study hopes to contribute to improving LGBTQ provision in school libraries. The theoretical framework used is Theory of Practice Architectures, which falls within Practice Theory. 113 secondary school librarians completed the survey. The survey data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results found that librarians have a proactive stance on LGBTQ provision, with most actively ensuring representation and displaying great knowledge about the topic and how best to support their students. Age suitability of resources is the main concern for many respondents, with most having age-restrictions in place for borrowing. Librarians vary in their choices of how to display and advertise the resources. There is a consensus that visibility is important but that this must not be done in such a way as to deter borrowers who need privacy while accessing the literature. Current school wide policies are described as being focused on inclusion and representation, enabling school librarians to emphasize diversity in stock selection, shelving, displays and other promotions.

Dentro del mundo de los fandoms, existe un pequeño gran nicho que se llama fanfiction, en donde los fans desarrollan, exploran y crean nuevas historias con sus personajes favoritos. Sin embargo, para la comunidad LGBTQ+, los fanfictions resultan una alternativa atractiva a los medios de comunicación tradicionales, los cuales no brindan la suficiente representación de esta comunidad. Es por ello que esta investigación se enfoca en analizar las prácticas de la comunidad LGTBQ+ como prosumidor de fanfiction y cómo la web 2.0 aporta a estas. / Within the fandom world, there is a great little niche called fanfiction, where fans develop, explore, and create new stories with their favorite characters. However, for the LGBTQ + community, fanfictions are an attractive alternative to traditional media, which do not provide enough representation for this community. That is why this research focuses on analyzing the practices of the LGTBQ + community as a fanfiction prosumer and how the web 2.0 contributes to this. / Trabajo de investigación

Bakgrund Partnervåld innebär att en person på något sätt våldför sig på eller skadar personen den har en romantisk relation med. Våldet kan ske på olika sätt, men den aktuella litteraturöversikten utgick från det fysiska våldet. Risken att utsättas för partnervåld är högre i en HBTQ-relation än i en heterosexuell relation. Därför är det av vikt att som sjuksköterska vara medveten om problematiken samt veta vilken typ av hjälp HBTQ-personer kan behöva till skillnad från heterosexuella personer. Genom kartläggning av kunskapsluckor i det aktuella ämnet genererades viktig kunskap för sjuksköterskans profession. Syfte Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att undersöka hur fysiskt partnervåld i en HBTQrelation påverkar den utsattes hälsa och beteende samt vilka hanteringsstrategier som personen kan tillämpa. Metod Den aktuella studien var en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt baserad på 19 vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna som inkluderades var av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ design. De inhämtades från två olika databaser med hjälp av anpassade sökord i olika kombinationer. De vetenskapliga artiklarna granskades utifrån en bedömningsmatris modifierad av Sophiahemmet Högskola. Därefter utfördes en integrerad analys för att presentera och analysera resultatet. Resultat Resultatet i den aktuella litteraturöversikten beskriver hur den psykiska hälsan påverkades hos HBTQ-personer som utsatts för partnervåld samt vilka hanteringsstrategier en våldsutsatt HBTQ-person använde sig av. Resultatet lyfter även vikten av det sociala stödet som den våldsutsatta upplevde och hur det påverkade HBTQ-personen i sitt hjälpsökande. Slutsats Eftersom HBTQ-personer som utsätts för partnervåld upplever mer psykisk ohälsa samt har ett mindre socialt stöd, har sjuksköterskan ett ansvar att bemöta denna grupp på ett anpassat vis. Med personcentrerad omvårdnad kan sjuksköterskan skapa en tillitsfull relation till patienten. Därmed kan sjuksköterskan föra en konversation om partnervåld och psykisk ohälsa, och därigenom stödja patienten i dennes hanteringsstrategier. / Background Intimate partner violence refers to when a person in any way violates or harms another person, who they are in a romantic relationship with. There are many different types of violence, but this literature review focused on physical violence. It is more frequent to be subjected to intimate partner violence in an LGBTQ relationship, than in a heterosexual relationship. Therefore, it is of importance that the nurse is aware of the problem and knows what type of help LGBTQ persons can need, that differs from the needs of heterosexuals. By identifying the current knowledge gaps in this area, important information for the nurse’s profession was generated. Aim The purpose of this literature review was to investigate how physical intimate partner violence in an LGBTQ relationship affects a person's health and behavior, and what coping strategies can be used by the person. Method This study was a non-systematic literature overview based on 19 scientific articles. The included articles were of both qualitative and quantitative design. They were gathered from two different databases by using specific search words in different combinations. The scientific articles were examined using an evaluation matrix modified by Sophiahemmet Högskola. Then an integrated analysis method was used to obtain and analyze the result. Results The results in the current literature review describe how the mental health of an LGBTQ person was affected by intimate partner violence and what coping strategies a victim of intimate partner violence was used. The result also highlights the importance of social support and how it affected the person's help-seeking behavior. Conclusions Since LGBTQ persons who have been victimized by intimate partner violence suffer more from mental illness and have less social support, the nurse has a responsibility to meet this group in an adapted way. With person-centered care, the nurse can build a trusting relationship with the patient. By doing so the nurse can enable a conversation about intimate partner violence and mental illness, and thus support the patient's coping strategies.

Background: LGBTQ people have a higher risk for poor health than heterosexuals and LGBTQ people face stigma and discrimination in their daily lives but also in their care contacts. Nurses can make a big difference for these patients by treating them in a person-centered way. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe nurses’ experiences and identify their needs in health care encounters with LGBTQ-people.  Method: The study is a narrative literature review and includes seven qualitative and four quantitative original articles. The articles were searched in the databases CINAHL and MEDLINE. The articles were analyzed based on thematic content analysis. Results: In the result four different themes are presented: Varying degree of experiences and different attitudes, Perceived obstacles and strategies for good communication, Need to treat everyone equally and Need for education. Conclusions: The nurses needed more training and had relatively low knowledge of the specific health needs of LGBTQ people. The fear of saying or acting in a stereotypical or discriminatory way prevented the nurses from creating a good relationship with their patients. More research is needed to examine nurses' experiences of caring for LGBTQ people. / Bakgrund: HBTQ-personer har en högre risk för ohälsa än heterosexuella och HBTQ-personer möter stigmatisering och diskriminering i sitt dagliga liv men även i sina vårdkontakter. Sjuksköterskor kan göra stor skillnad för dessa patienter genom att bemöta de på ett personcentrerat sätt.  Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter samt identifiera deras behov i vårdmötet med HBTQ-personer. Metod: Studien är en litteraturstudie och inkluderar sju kvalitativa och fyra kvantitativa originalartiklar. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna CINAHL och MEDLINE. Artiklarna analyserades utifrån tematisk innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet presenteras fyra olika teman: Varierande grad av erfarenheter och olika attityder, Upplevda hinder och strategier för en god kommunikation, Behov av att behandla alla lika samt Behov av utbildning. Slutsatser: Sjuksköterskorna behövde mer utbildning och hade relativt låg kunskap om de specifika hälsobehov som HBTQ-personer har. Rädslan för att säga eller agera på ett stereotypt eller diskriminerande sätt hindrade sjuksköterskorna från att skapa en bra relation med sina patienter. Det behövs mer forskning för att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter och behov i vårdmötet med HBTQ-personer.