[ES] Esta investigación doctoral parte de una serie de incomodidades e intuiciones en lo relativo a las lecturas contemporáneas acerca de la imagen pornográfica. Resulta habitual el abordaje de las mismas desde diferentes disciplinas, objetivos y marcos de análisis, pero pocas veces -o ninguna en nuestro contexto- la academia se ha detenido comprenderlas como productos culturales desde una perspectiva materialista, es decir, como objetos producto de la transformación material mediante la fuerza de trabajo de las corpo*realidades implicadas en su producción. Esta tesis está comprometida con la formulación de una investigación "desde abajo", es decir, planteándose la dimensión material de estas imágenes, indagando en las condiciones de sus agentes e infraestructuras, desplazando por un momento la mirada semiocentrada y los universos representacionales a los que se les supone una pertenencia. ¿Podemos pensar las imágenes en su dimensión material, objetual, histórica y ubicada en sus procesos de producción? Las tensiones entre universo simbólico y universo material poseen una posición central en el desarrollo de la investigación, trastocando los procesos habituales de observación, invirtiendo la mirada y situándonos así, desde abajo: yendo por el lado de las imágenes, de las trabajadoras que las crean, de las economías imaginales y materiales que se producen en las marginalidades de las buenas imágenes. Pues, ¿qué es la imagen pornográfica si no, una imagen marginalizada por un cierto sistema de valor? Para ello, el estudio situa discursiva, artística y metodológicamente dichas incomodidades e intuiciones, en diálogo constante con aquellos marcos y cuerpos que se han posicionado con mayor cercanía respecto al fenómeno de la pornografía: las teorías radicales del sexo, los estudios LGTBIQ+, los feminismos, los activismos de crítica cultural, las teorías del cine, la semiótica cinematográfica, la sociología o la antropología, entre otros. Estas relecturas críticas se han entretejido con el marco legislativo vigente, así como con otras voces o discursos "menos autorizados" en la cuestión de la imagen pornográfica como los nuevos materialismos, los análisis de políticas públicas pasados y presentes, las perspectivas marxistas hacia la imagen o las aportaciones desde las genealogías fem/femme. La tesis es, en este sentido, analítica -pues examina los diferentes terrenos y marcos en los que se dan estas producciones-, crítica -pues complejiza los discursos sedimentados a partir de torceduras y desviaciones de mirada- y radicalmente especulativa -pues no pierde de vista la posible y deseable imbricación con los movimientos de transformación social en la intersección entre las imágenes, la sexualidad y el trabajo. Así, la investigación se pregunta radicalmente por el qué pero también por el cómo, revisando de esta manera transversal e implicada las maneras en las que se hace emerger el conocimiento, o se producen sus marginalidades altamente feminizadas. La investigación se enmarca, además, en un momento socio-político, tecnológico y estético transicional y, por tanto, crítico en lo relativo a las políticas y rebeldías desde abajo hacia las formas de gestionar y regular no sólo las dimensiones materiales mediante el uso indiscriminado de argumentarios desentendidos de la naturaleza y de los procesos en la creación de imágenes, sino también de la propia relación onto-epistemológica que resignifica las relaciones entre el ver y el hacer como forma de gestión vertical de la materialidad de la vida de las imágenes, de sus trabajadoras y comunidades. / [CA] Aquesta investigació doctoral part d'una sèrie d'incomoditats i intuïcions quant a les lectures contemporànies sobre la imatge pornogràfica. Resulta habitual l'abordatge de les mateixes des de diferents disciplines, objectius i marcs d'anàlisis, però poques vegades -o cap en el nostre context- l'acadèmia s'ha detingut comprendre-les com a productes culturals des d'una perspectiva materialista, és a dir, com a objectes producte de la transformació material mitjançant la força de treball de les corpo*realitats implicades en la seua producció. Aquesta tesi està compromesa amb la formulació d'una investigació "des de baix", és a dir, plantejant-se la dimensió material d'aquestes imatges, indagant en les condicions dels seus agents i infraestructures, desplaçant per un moment la mirada semiocentrada i els universos representacionals als quals se'ls suposa una pertinença. Podem pensar les imatges en la seua dimensió material, objectual, històrica i situada en els seus processos de producció? Les tensions entre univers simbòlic i univers material posseeixen una posició central en el desenvolupament de la investigació, trastocant els processos habituals d'observació, invertint la mirada i situant-nos així, des de baix: anant pel costat de les imatges, de les treballadores que les creen, de les economies imaginales i materials que es produeixen en les marginalitats de les bones imatges. Perquè, què és la imatge pornogràfica si no, una imatge marginalitzada per un cert sistema de valor? Per a això, l'estudi situa discursiva, artística i metodològicament aquestes incomoditats i intuïcions, en diàleg constant amb aquells marcs i cossos que s'han posicionat amb major proximitat respecte al fenomen de la pornografia: les teories radicals del sexe, els estudis LGTBIQ+, els feminismes, els activismes de crítica cultural, les teories del cinema, la semiòtica cinematogràfica, la sociologia o l'antropologia, entre altres. Aquestes relectures crítiques s'han entreteixit amb el marc legislatiu vigent, així com amb altres veus o discursos "menys autoritzats" en la qüestió de la imatge pornogràfica com els nous materialismes, les anàlisis de polítiques públiques passats i presents, les perspectives marxistes cap a la imatge o les aportacions des de les genealogies fem/femme. La tesi és, en aquest sentit, analítica -perquè examina els diferents terrenys i marcs en els quals es donen aquestes produccions-, crítica -perquè complica els discursos sedimentats a partir de torçades i desviacions de mirada- i radicalment especulativa -perquè no perd de vista la possible i desitjable imbricació amb els moviments de transformació social en la intersecció entre les imatges, la sexualitat i el treball. Així, la investigació es pregunta radicalment pel quin però també pel com, revisant d'aquesta manera transversal i implicada les maneres en les quals es fa emergir el coneixement, o es produeixen les seues marginalitats altament feminitzades. La investigació s'emmarca, a més, en un moment soci-polític, tecnològic i estètic transicional i, per tant, crític quant a les polítiques i rebel·lies des de baix cap a les maneres de gestionar i regular, no sols les dimensions materials mitjançant l'ús indiscriminat d'argumentaris desentesos de la naturalesa i dels processos en la creació d'imatges, sinó també de la pròpia relació onto-epistemològica que resignifica les relacions entre el veure i el fer com a forma de gestió vertical de la materialitat de la vida de les imatges, de les seues treballadores i comunitats. / [EN] This doctoral research is based on several discomforts and intuitions regarding contemporary readings of the pornographic image. It is usual to approach them from different disciplines, objectives and frameworks of analysis, but rarely -or none, in our context- the academy has stopped to understand them as cultural products from a materialistic perspective, that is, as objects product of the material transformation through the labor force of the corpo*realities involved in their production. This thesis is committed to the formulation of an investigation "from below", that is to say, considering the material dimension of these images, investigating the conditions of their agents and infrastructures, displacing for a moment the semiocentric gaze and the representational universes to which they are supposed to belong. Can we think images in their material, objectual, historical dimension and located in their production processes? The tensions between symbolic universe and material universe have a central position in the development of the research, disrupting the usual processes of observation, inverting the gaze and thus situating us, from below: going on the side of the images, of the workers who create them, of the imaginary and material economies that are produced in the marginalities of the good images. For what is the pornographic image if not an image marginalized by a certain value system? To this end, the study situates discursively, artistically and methodologically these discomforts and intuitions, in constant dialogue with those frameworks and bodies that closer to the phenomenon of pornography: radical theories of sex, queer studies, feminisms, cultural criticism activisms, film theories, film semiotics, sociology or anthropology, among others. These critical re-readings have been interwoven with the current legislative framework, as well as with other "less authorized" voices or discourses on the issue of the pornographic image, such as the new materialisms, the analysis of past and present public policies, the marxist perspectives on the image or the contributions from the fem/femme genealogies. The thesis is, in this sense, analytical -as it examines the different terrains and frameworks in which these productions take place-, critical -as it complexifies the sedimented discourses from twists and deviations of gaze- and radically speculative -as it does not lose sight of the possible and desirable imbrication with the movements of social transformation at the intersection between images, sexuality and work. Thus, the research asks radically about the what but also about the how, reviewing in this transversal and involved way the ways in which knowledge is made to emerge, or its highly feminized marginalities are produced. The research is also framed in a transitional socio-political, technological and aesthetic moment and, therefore, critical in terms of politics and rebellions from below towards the ways of managing and regulating not only the material dimensions through the indiscriminate use of arguments disregarding the nature and processes in the creation of images, but also of the onto-epistemological relationship itself that resignifies the relations between seeing and doing as a form of vertical management of the materiality of the life of images, of their workers and communities. / Corrales Devesa, A. (2023). Por la imagen pornográfica. Infraestructuras, materialidades y corpo*realidades desde la perspectiva de sus trabajadoras [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/195839

Der Name Klinik ist von dem altgriechischen Wort klíne abgeleitet, das einen Gegenstand – das Bett oder die Liege benennt. Jedoch wird mit Klinik zunächst eine Praxis bzw. eine Methode bezeichnet: die „Medizin am Krankenbett“. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, welche Bedeutungen, Wirkungen und Entwicklungen das Bett in und mit der Klinik entfaltete. Seine Form, Materialität und symbolischen Eigenschaften wirken auf die Klinik als Institution, als architektonisches und organisatorisches Gebilde sowie auf die Patient_innen und die Art und Weise ihrer Behandlung. Seit dem späten 18. Jh. ist das eiserne Bettgestell, belegt mit einer Person, konstitutiv für den ‚zivilisierten‘ Menschen und zieht in dieser Form in Europas Hospitäler ein. Das Krankenbett hat außerdem stützende, unterstützende und schützende Funktionen. In Gestalt der ‚Bettmaschine‘ verspricht es um 1800 humanitären Halt und Trost. Im 20. Jh. übernimmt das Dispositiv Sicherheit: Bettgitter sollen ‚wehrlose Kranke‘ vor dem Herausfallen aus dem Bett schützen. Die Abrechnung und Planung der Krankenhausbehandlung wird seit dem 19. Jh. mehr und mehr an die Einheit Bett geknüpft. Anfang des 20. Jh. wurde zudem die Idee des Fortschritts mit dem Krankenhausbett als zeitgemäßes Industrieprodukt nach Normvorgaben verbunden. Designprojekte der 1960er Jahre richteten sich besonders auf die Körper einer Nutzergruppe: der Pflegefachkräfte. Bettennot, Fachkräftemangel, der Drang nach Verkürzung der Verweildauer und daraus resultierende Rationalisierungen veränderten das Bett, und mit ihm die Abläufe im Krankenhaus und wie Patient_innen versorgt und behandelt werden. Sichtbar wird zudem, dass zwei Mobilisierungsprojekte im Widerstreit zueinander stehen: Auf der einen Seite die Bemühungen, das Krankenhausbett für die klinische Logistik beweglich zu machen und auf der anderen Seite, die im langen Prozess der Aktivierung des Verkehrsapparats Krankenhaus passivierten Patient_innen zu mobilisieren. / Although the word ‘clinic’ refers to a practice or a method of "bedside teaching", it derives from the ancient Greek word klíne, which describes an object – the bed or the couch. This research project examines the evolution of the hospital bed itself and the meanings and effects associated with its development. Its form, materiality and symbolic properties have affected the clinic as an institution and as an architectural and organizational structure, as well as the patients and the way they have been treated. In the 18th century, the hospital bed became a means to draw distinctions between wild or civilized, healthy or ill etc. Historically, the sickbed has taken on reclining, supportive and protective functions. Around 1800, in the form of a new “bed-machine”, it promised humanitarian support and consolation. In the 20th century, the apparatus of security took over, and bed rails were installed to protect ‘helpless patients’ from falling out of bed. Since the 19th century, the planning of hospital treatment, and the accounting behind it, has been linked more and more to the bed as a unit. At the beginning of the 20th century, the idea of progress transformed the hospital bed into a state-of-the-art industrial product with fixed standards. Steel tube furniture has established itself as peculiarly adaptable and as the site of medical treatment. Design projects in the 1960s focused on the bodies of one user group – the nursing staff. Hospital bed shortages, lack of nursing staff and pressure to shorten the length of stay resulted in a rationalization that changed the bed’s structure, and with it hospital procedures, and how patients are treated. Two significant and controversial mobilization projects linked to this development are efforts to make the hospital bed mobile for the sake of logistics, and, as a countermeasure, current efforts to re-mobilize patients who were made passive by the former process.

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Wanvoorstelling van wesenlike feite deur omiss/o aan 'n versekeraar kan tot gevolg he dat die versekeringskontrak ongeldig verklaar word ingevolge die gemene reg. In Mutual and Federal Insurance Co Ltd v Oudtshoorn Municipality 1985 (1) SA 419 (A) is beslis dat wesenlikheid bepaal moet word vanuit die oogpunt van die redelike man. In 'n paging om bewys van die wesenlikheid van feite te vermy, het versekeraars vereis dat aansoekers die voorstellings in die kontrak moat waarborg. Dit het tot gevolg gehad dat voorstellings wat in die kontrak gewaarborg is outomaties wesenlik was. Sedert die invoering van artikel 63(3) van die Versekeringswet 27 van 1943 deur die wetgewer gedurende 1969, is die wesenlikheid van voorstellings egter 'n vereiste, selfs waar dit in die kontrak gewaarborg is. Versekeraars sou dus in die toekoms nie agter kontraktuele wanvoorstellings kon skuil nie. Hierdie maatreel het meer beskerming aan die versekerde gebied. In Qilingele v South African Mutual Life Assurance Society 1993 (1) SA 69 (A) is die toets vir wesenlikheid, soos vereis deur artikel 63{3), aangespreek. Dit het die vraag laat ontstaan of daar twee aparte toetse vir wesenlikheid bestaan, naamlik gemeenregtelik en statuter, en of daar een algemene toets bestaan. / Misrepresentation by omissio of material facts to an insurer may lead to an insurance contract being declared invalid in terms of the common law. In Mutual and Federal Insurance v Oudtshoorn Municipality 1985 (1) SA 419 (A) it was decided to determine materiality in the eyes of the reasonable man. To avoid proving materiality of facts, the insurers required proposers to warrant the representations in the contract. This resulted in the facts automatically being material. In 1969 parliament, .however, enacted section 63(3) of the Insurance Act 27 of 1943 whereby materiality of presentations, even where it was warranted in the contract, became a requirement. Therefore insurers could in future not hide behind contractual misrepresentations. This provided more protection to the insured. Qilingele v SA Mutual Life Assurance Society 1993 (1) SA 69 (A) addresses the test for materiality as required by section 63(3). This resulted in the question whether two separate tests for materiality in terms of common law and statute, or only one exists. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M.

This study examines the functions of objects in a selection of British colonial travel accounts about Africa. The works discussed were published between 1863 and 1908 and include travelogues by John Hanning Speke, Verney Lovett Cameron, Henry Morton Stanley, Mary Henrietta Kingsley, Ewart Scott Grogan, Mary Hall and Constance Larymore. The author argues that objects are deeply involved in the construction of pre-modern and modern spheres that the travelling subject moves between. The objects in the travel accounts are studied in relation to a contextual background of Victorian commodity and object culture, epitomised by the 1851 Great Exhibition and the birth of the modern anthropological museum. The four analysis chapters investigate the roles of objects in ethnographical and geographical writing, in ideological discussions about the transformative powers of colonial trade, and in narratives about the arrival of the book in the colonial periphery. As the analysis shows, however, objects tend not to behave as they are expected to do. Instead of marking temporal differences, descriptions of objects are typically unstable and riddled with contradictions and foreground the ambivalence that characterises colonial literature.

Denna avhandling undersöker tre statligt finansierade kampanjer mot human papillomvirus (HPV) i Sverige. Författaren visar att kampanjerna innehåller och artikulerar olika former av omsorg som inte är begränsade till att endast uppmana människor att ”ta hand om sig själva” eller ”bry sig om andra”. Istället studeras omsorg som något mångfasetterat och kontextuellt, och som något som innefattar såväl mänskliga som icke-mänskliga komponenter. I studien fokuserar författaren på hur aktörer möjliggör och problematiserar olika former av omsorg. Dessa aktörer inkluderar yrkesverksamma inom landsting som försöker kommunicera omsorg till tjejer och deras anhöriga, men också olika materiella ting, såsom en ”HPV-app”, en Facebook-kampanjsida och en vaccinationshusvagn. Kampanjmedia, intervjuer och textbaserade cancerberättelser analyseras med hjälp av teoretiska perspektiv från fältet feministiska teknik- och vetenskapsstudier (STS). Studien är situerad till forskning kring omsorgspolitik inom teknik och vetenskap, och bidrar till diskussioner om tidsmässiga dimensioner av omsorg. I kampanjmaterialet som studeras dominerar ett fokus på omsorg som något som skall göras nu för att möjliggöra en hälsosam och lycklig framtid. Genom att använda sig av ett ”etiskt-politiskt” ställningstagande, och en analytisk ansats, där fokus ligger på att synliggöra marginella, frånvarande och alternativa omsorgsformer problematiserar författaren  sådana ”snabba” framtidsorienterade omsorgsvisioner enligt vilka omsorg ses som något som skall göras omedelbart i preventivt syfte. Detta görs genom ett synliggörande av ”långsammare” och sammanflätade ”omsorgstemporaliteter” som öppnar upp för osäkerheter, tveksamheter, obestämdheter samt för olika känslouttryck, och som möjliggör mer omsorgsfulla praktiker. / This dissertation examines three state-funded human papillomavirus (HPV) campaigns in Sweden. The author shows that they include and articulate a range of different forms of care that are not limited to just asking people to “take care of themselves” or “care for others”. Care is instead approached as a multilayered, contextual and contingent phenomenon, and as made by a heterogeneity of human and nonhuman components. The study shows how care is articulated by human actors such as county council professionals who try to communicate care to girls and their relatives, and by material devices like an “HPV app”, a Facebook campaign site and a vaccination trailer which enable, distribute and trouble different forms of care. Campaign devices and campaign media, interviews, and textual cancer narratives are analyzed using a feminist science and technology studies (STS) approach. The study is situated within feminist STS discussions on the politics of care in technoscience, and contributes to discussions on temporal dimensions of care. In the campaign material the study examines, there is a dominant focus on care as something that needs to be done now to enable a healthy and happy future. By working with an ethico-political and analytical standpoint that is focused on making present neglected, marginal, absent and alternative matters of care, the author disrupts and troubles such future-oriented visions of care as an “anticipatory immediacy” through a focus on other temporalities of care. These include slower, messier and folded temporalities which open up for uncertainties, hesitations, indeterminacies, a range of feelings, and for more caring articulations of what care is. / Prescriptive Prescriptions: Pharmaceuticals and "Healthy" Subjectivities

Pour respecter les droits d’auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée d'un document visuel. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. / L'action interactive avec le numérique est quotidienne. Toutefois, peu de réflexions sur le sujet mettent en avant l'importance de la trace dans cette relation qui nous lie à la machine. Une expérience interactive engendre souvent une trace et c'est à partir de cet élément capital que nous réfléchissons, dans ce mémoire, sur la relation entretenue avec notre environnement numérique interactif. La trace est alors comprise comme une nouvelle approche épistémologique des arts numériques interactifs. Penser le numérique comme immatériel suppose une quasi-inexistence de la trace présente au sein d'une oeuvre numérique, impliquant une mystification. Tout au long de cette recherche, notre objectif est donc de redonner une matérialité à la trace, afin qu'elle puisse s'intégrer dans notre paysage que l'on dit matériel. C'est l’oeuvre Pulse Room (2006) de Rafael Lozano-Hemmer qui va nous permettre de constater les ambivalences et les convergences qui existent dans l'approche d'une société informatisée face à la machine numérique, et de saisir la manière dont nous évaluons la trace qui est laissée dernière chacune de nos prestations numériques. C'est uniquement au moment où la trace numérique intégrera une certaine matérialité que nous serons capables de nous considérer en tant qu'objet de réflexion, de distinguer la manière dont nous nous comportons face à cet environnement et d'apprendre à être critiques. / The interactive action with the digital is daily. However, few thoughts on the subject highlight the importance of the trace in this relationship which links us to the machine. Often, an interactive experience generates a trace and it is from this important element that we are thinking, in this master’s thesis, on the relationship with our interactive digital environment. The trace is then understood as a new epistemological approach to interactive digital arts. To think the digital as immaterial generates an almost non-existent of the trace within a digital work, involving a mystification. Throughout this research, our goal is to give back materiality to this trace, so that it can fit into our landscape called material. The work Pulse Room (2006) by Rafael Lozano-Hemmer will enable us to reflect on the ambivalences and convergences that exists in the approach of a computerized society in front of the digital machine, and understand how we evaluate the trace that is left behind each of our digital performances. It's only when the digital trace will incorporate a certain materiality, that we will be able to see ourselves as an object of reflection, to discern how we behave facing this environment and learn to be critical.

Avhandlingen beskriver och analyserar hur frågor kring tillgänglighet/handikapp för första gången aktualiserades och implementerades i planeringen och utformningen av den byggda miljön i Aten, nämligen processen i samband med beslut, planering och implementering av jätteprojektet Atens Metro. Studien tecknar framväxten av olika handikapporganisationer, som från att ha varit svaga aktörer successivt lyckades få gehör för sina krav inom stadens förvaltning, politiska organ, den grekiska riksdagen och inte minst inom de företag som byggde metrosystemet. Avhandlingen diskuterar hur handikapporganisationer och metrosystemet växte fram och påverkade varandra, hur viktiga forum för att diskutera/problematisera olika perspektiv på handikapp skapades där aktörsgrupper med delvis olika intressen förde fram sina ståndpunkter och förhandlade samt vilka konkreta avtryck som dessa processer ledde till i form av en - slutligen - handikappvänlig teknisk konfiguration av metrosystemet. Studien knyter också an till den europeiska diskussionen, bl.a. inom EU, kring handikapp och vilken betydelse som denna diskussion hade för det framväxande metroprojektet, inte minst inför Atens OS-värdskap 2004. Avhandlingen tar sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i dels samhällsvetenskapliga teknik- och vetenskapsstudier, dels "disability studies". / The idea of building a metro network in Athens dates back to the 1950s. It took almost fifty years for the Greek government to develop plans, secure funds and to carry out an effective procurement process for the construction of the Athens metro. In February 1987 the government announced an invitation to tender for the design and construction of the metro. Thirteen years later, in January 2000 the first two lines began operation. The construction of the metro consisted of numerous preliminary studies, different public organizations which dealt with its development and several controversies concerning its design. One of these controversies referred to the issue whether the metro would be accessible to disabled people or not. Integrating accessibility provisions in the metro design constituted a controversial issue where different actors argued and acted for and against its implementation. This study describes and analyses the process of making the metro accessible. The analysis focuses on how questions regarding accessibility/disability were actualized for the first time in the planning and design of the Greek built environment and in particular on the process of building the biggest and most complicated infrastructure project in Greece, the Athens metro. At the same time, the study describes the evolution of disability organizations in Greece: they changed from being weak actors who were unable to influence socio-political configurations to actors that successively gained attention within the public administration, political organs, the Greek Parliament and the company that constructed the metro. The study discusses how disability organizations and the metro were developed and influenced each other and how important forums, where several actors with diverse interests problematized and produced different perspectives on disability, were initiated. These forums constituted public spaces within the public administration and eventually contributed to the construction of an accessible metro network. The analysis is also connected to Athens hosting of the Olympic and Paralympic Games of 2004 which created increasing demands for constructing an accessible built environment, including the metro. Furthermore, the study also draws upon the discussion within the EU on disability and on which kind of consequences this discussion implied for the developing metro. The theoretical basis for this study is located at the intersection of two broad fields, namely science and technology studies (S&TS) and disability studies.

This dissertation examines the intersection of spiritual values and material life at Syon Abbey, a wealthy Brigittine double monastery in late medieval England. As an institution it was, paradoxically, directed primarily toward an evangelical goal, while being focused on contemplative women who were strictly enclosed. In this dissertation, I assert that this apparent contradiction was resolved through a high degree of collaboration between the abbey’s religious women and men. I argue that Brigittine monasticism, and that of Syon in particular, was uniquely attuned to metaphors and meanings of materiality, which enabled the abbey to transform the women’s mundane material life of food, clothing, architecture, work, finance, and even bureaucracy, into spiritual fruits to be shared with the Syon brethren through dialogue within confessional relationships, and subsequently, with the laity through the media of sermons, sacraments, books, and conversation. I use the abbey’s extensive household financial accounts in conjunction with Brigittine writings and monastic legislative documents to examine the intersection of ideal material life and its spiritual meaning on the one hand, and the abbey’s lived materiality as reflected in its internal economic and administrative actions, on the other. The central question is the degree to which Syon’s material life was one of luxury in keeping with what the Order’s founder, Saint Birgitta, would have seen as worldly excess, or one of moderate asceticism, in keeping with the Brigittine Rule. Major findings are that in most respects (financial management, gender power, officer appointments, clothing, and some aspects of food), Syon’s materiality was lived in accordance with the Rule and the Brigittine mission, but that in some respects, it erred on the side of elite display and consumption (the majority of food items and the architecture and decoration of the abbey church), and in others, the source material is too incomplete to enable conclusions (the decoration of monastic buildings and the distribution of alms). In addition, by analysing the income from boarding of visitors and offerings from pilgrims, I examine the degree of Syon’s impact on the laity and how it changed with the approaching Dissolution, concluding that the abbey had a significant impact that declined only when legal restrictions were applied.

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Wanvoorstelling van wesenlike feite deur omiss/o aan 'n versekeraar kan tot gevolg he dat die versekeringskontrak ongeldig verklaar word ingevolge die gemene reg. In Mutual and Federal Insurance Co Ltd v Oudtshoorn Municipality 1985 (1) SA 419 (A) is beslis dat wesenlikheid bepaal moet word vanuit die oogpunt van die redelike man. In 'n paging om bewys van die wesenlikheid van feite te vermy, het versekeraars vereis dat aansoekers die voorstellings in die kontrak moat waarborg. Dit het tot gevolg gehad dat voorstellings wat in die kontrak gewaarborg is outomaties wesenlik was. Sedert die invoering van artikel 63(3) van die Versekeringswet 27 van 1943 deur die wetgewer gedurende 1969, is die wesenlikheid van voorstellings egter 'n vereiste, selfs waar dit in die kontrak gewaarborg is. Versekeraars sou dus in die toekoms nie agter kontraktuele wanvoorstellings kon skuil nie. Hierdie maatreel het meer beskerming aan die versekerde gebied. In Qilingele v South African Mutual Life Assurance Society 1993 (1) SA 69 (A) is die toets vir wesenlikheid, soos vereis deur artikel 63{3), aangespreek. Dit het die vraag laat ontstaan of daar twee aparte toetse vir wesenlikheid bestaan, naamlik gemeenregtelik en statuter, en of daar een algemene toets bestaan. / Misrepresentation by omissio of material facts to an insurer may lead to an insurance contract being declared invalid in terms of the common law. In Mutual and Federal Insurance v Oudtshoorn Municipality 1985 (1) SA 419 (A) it was decided to determine materiality in the eyes of the reasonable man. To avoid proving materiality of facts, the insurers required proposers to warrant the representations in the contract. This resulted in the facts automatically being material. In 1969 parliament, .however, enacted section 63(3) of the Insurance Act 27 of 1943 whereby materiality of presentations, even where it was warranted in the contract, became a requirement. Therefore insurers could in future not hide behind contractual misrepresentations. This provided more protection to the insured. Qilingele v SA Mutual Life Assurance Society 1993 (1) SA 69 (A) addresses the test for materiality as required by section 63(3). This resulted in the question whether two separate tests for materiality in terms of common law and statute, or only one exists. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:58:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3332.pdf: 13536927 bytes, checksum: 73b5f601c5c8e31b4883b86242bf5479 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-20 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This study deals with the socio-spatial dynamics of the city of Limeira, seat of a municipality located in the eastern region of the state of São Paulo, seen primarily through the perspective of the reconstruction of material history registered in this urban nucleus during the 19th century. Research was carried out on the prior period, from 1799 when two Allotments were granted at the confluence of the Jaguari and Atibaia Rivers, the source of the Piracicaba River, and which would become, along with other land allotments, the municipal boundaries up until the final decade of that century. The study is thus based on the apprehension of the process of material evolution that marked the developing urbanization, perceived by the rediscovery of four variable factors which attended the establishment and development of the city: the formation and evolution of the transportation system, the installation and occupation of the urban street network, the location dimension of administrative edifications and the dynamic of urban equipment, both public and private. Research was made to identify how Limeira related to the national, state and regional contexts of that period, to describe the process of establishing towns near the geographical feature known as Morro Azul , or Blue Hill (where the present-day towns of Rio Claro, Araras and Piracicaba are also located), and, lastly, to understand significant social and historical facts related to physical expansion and to economic factors. The occupation of the land before the urban settlement was also dealt with, giving special attention in this process to the socio-spatial issues linked both to Allotments granted in the region and to the farms that were born out of those properties. Besides looking into pertinent scientific and technical literature available, direct documental sources were researched, found in collections of church documents in parishes and diocesan offices, in collections of public documents, in museums and libraries both public and private along with consultation and interpretation of historiographic bibliographies, as well as articles and laws, among others. The analyses which were elaborated show the materiality of space both as a result and as a basis for the evolution of social relationships and for the dominant class to stay in control, evidenced by forms of land appropriation and by the presence of a basis for the socio-spatial segregation found in the city in the next century, even though new configurations for the latter were adopted. / Este estudo aborda a dinâmica socioespacial da cidade de Limeira, sede de município situado na área leste do Estado de São Paulo, vista prioritariamente por meio da reconstrução da história material que gravou este núcleo urbano no século XIX. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida sobre o período anterior compreendido entre o ano de 1799 - data da concessão de duas Sesmarias na confluência dos rios Jaguarí e Atibaia, nascente do rio Piracicaba, e que viriam a compor em conjunto com outras datas de terras, os limites municipais - e o decênio final daquele século. O trabalho se pauta, deste modo, na apreensão do processo de evolução material, percebido por meio do resgate de quatro variáveis que assinalaram a implantação e o desenvolvimento da cidade: a formação e evolução do sistema viário, a instalação e ocupação da malha urbana, a dimensão locacional das edificações do poder administrativo e a dinâmica dos equipamentos urbanos, tanto comunitários quanto privados. Buscou-se ainda identificar a situação de Limeira nos contextos nacional, estadual e regional da época; os processos de instalação das urbes próximas à formação geográfica conhecida como Morro Azul (onde nos dias de hoje encontram-se também as cidades de Rio Claro, Araras e Piracicaba) e, por fim, os fatos históricos e sociais significativos relacionados à expansão física e aos fatores econômicos. Tratou-se também, da ocupação do território anterior à formação urbana, destacando-se neste processo as questões socioespaciais atreladas tanto às concessões de Sesmarias na região, quanto das fazendas oriundas daquelas possessões. Além da literatura técnico-científica pertinente, foram pesquisadas fontes documentais diretas, encontradas nos acervos paroquiais e diocesanos, arquivos públicos, museus, bibliotecas - tanto públicas quanto particulares - acrescidas da consulta e interpretação da bibliografia historiográfica, bem como de artigos, legislação, dentre outras. As análises elaboradas mostram a materialidade do espaço, ao mesmo tempo, como resultado e como base para a evolução das relações sociais e para a manutenção do poder da classe dominante, evidenciado nas formas de apropriação da terra e na presença, apesar da adoção de novas configurações, da base para a segregação socioespacial encontrada na cidade no século seguinte.