The object of research – cooperative “Daržovių centras”. The subject of research – promotion and forces having influence on it. The aim of the work – to prepare promotion strategy for cooperative “Daržovių centras”. The tasks: 1) to estimate forces, influencing marketing and promotion strategy in organization; 2) to analyze theoretical aspects of promotion instrumentality and define relations between them; 3) to identify promotion strategy stages; 4) to analyze environmental forces, influencing promotion; 5) to analyze forces influencing promotion inside organization; 6) to summarize influence of all forces and to prepare the model of promotion strategy. Methods of research – analyses and synthesis of literature, analyses of statistical data, half-structured interview, questionnaire poll, graphics, PEST analyses, SWOT analyses, portfolio analyses. Having analyzed theoretical aspects of strategic marketing management and made empirical research, it was find out the influence of different forces, affecting promotion strategy in cooperative „Daržovių centras“ and prepared the model of promotion strategy.

Cette thèse propose différentes méthodes numériques permettant de simuler le comportement des plasmas ou des faisceaux de particules chargées à coût réduit. Le mouvement de particules chargées soumises à un champ électromagnétique est régi par l'équation de Vlasov. Celle-ci est couplée aux équations de Maxwell pour le champ électromagnétique ou à l'équation de Poisson dans un cas simplifié. Plusieurs types de modèles existent pour résoudre ce système. Dans les modèles cinétiques, les particules sont représentées par une fonction de distribution f(x,v,t) qui vérifie l'équation de Vlasov. Dans le cas général tridimensionnel (3D), le système fait apparaître 7 variables. Les calculs sur ordinateur deviennent rapidement très lourds. Les modèles fluides de plasma s'intéressent quant à eux à des quantités macroscopiques déduites de f par des intégrales en vitesse, telles que la densité, la vitesse moyenne et la température. Ces quantités ne dépendent que de la position x et du temps t. Le coût numérique est ainsi réduit, mais la précision s'en trouve altérée. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, une méthode multi-fluides est utilisée pour la résolution du système de Vlasov-Poisson 1D. Elle est basée sur la connaissance a priori de la forme prise par la fonction de distribution f. Deux possibilités sont étudiées : une somme de masse de Dirac et le modèle multi-water-bag. Ce type de méthodes est plutôt adapté aux systèmes restant proches de l'état d'équilibre. La deuxième partie propose de décomposer f en une partie d'équilibre et une perturbation. L'équilibre est résolu par une méthode fluide alors que la perturbation est résolue par une méthode cinétique. On construit notamment un schéma préservant l'asymptotique pour le système de Vlasov-Poisson-BGK, basé sur une telle décomposition. On étudie dans la troisième partie la méthode Particle-In-Cell (PIC) en géométrie 2D axisymétrique. Un travail basé sur l'analyse isogéométrique est présenté, ainsi qu'un code PIC - Galerkin Discontinu parallélisé sur carte graphique (GPU). Cette architecture permet de réduire de manière significative les temps de calculs.

Le conservatisme phylogénétique de niche se définit par la conservation, au cours du temps, de la niche écologique et des traits écologiques associés. Des espèces phylogénétiquement proches auront alors tendances à occuper des niches similaires, incluant des conditions abiotiques mais aussi des interactions biotiques similaires. Ainsi, un individu isolé phylogénétiquement de ses voisins, pourrait être considéré comme présent dans une nouvelle niche. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux interactions trophiques des individus de plantes hôtes colonisant une nouvelle niche, représentée par un voisinage phylogénétiquement éloigné, à la différence des individus hôtes restant dans leur niche ancestrale. Nous avons étudié plus particulièrement le cas du chêne et de ses phytophages, de leurs ennemis naturels, et enfin, des ectomycorhizes du chêne. Nos résultats indiquent que l'isolement phylogénétique des chênes hôtes (i) diminue l'abondance des phytophages et leurs pressions sur le chêne, (ii) diminue la pression des ennemis spécialistes sur ces phytophages, (iii) augmente l'abondance et l'activité des ectomycorhizes du chêne. Ainsi, l'isolement phylogénétique du chêne modifie l'intensité et la nature des interactions biotiques tout au long de la chaîne trophique à laquelle il appartient. Plus généralement, nos résultats permettent de discuter dans quelles situations une sortie de niche sera favorisée et dans quelles situations, une sortie de niche sera contrariée. Ces résultats suggèrent que les chênes phylogénétiquement isolés, mais aussi leurs phytophages et leurs mycorhizes, subissent des pressions de sélection particulières qui pourraient être à l'origine d'une différentiation évolutive à long terme.

How do financial variables, such as firms’ cash flow and banks’ capital, affect macroeconomic variables, such as investment and GDP growth? What are the macroeconomic effects of exchange rate depreciation in countries where firms and households have extensive foreign-currency liabilities? The doctoral thesis Empirical Essays on Macro-Financial Linkages consists of four separate papers in the field of empirical macroeconomics. The first three papers investigate the macroeconomic implications of financial-market imperfections. Imperfect information between borrowers and lenders makes it more costly for firms to finance investments with external funds than with internal funds. The external finance risk premium depends on the strength of firm balance sheets, which hence affects firm investment. The first paper, The Effect of Cash Flow on Investment: An Empirical Test of the Balance Sheet Channel, examines the importance of financial constraints for investment using a large Swedish firm-level data set which includes many smaller firms (where balance sheet effects are likely to be especially important). I find a positive effect of cash flow on investment, controlling for fundamental determinants of investment and any information in cash flow about investment opportunities. As predicted by the balance sheet channel, the estimated effect of cash flow on investment is especially large for firms which, a priori, are more likely to be financially constrained (low-dividend, small and non-group firms). Moreover, the investment-cash flow sensitivity is significantly larger and more persistent during the first half of the sample period, which includes a severe banking crisis and recession. The second paper, Credit Matters: Empirical Evidence on U.S. Macro-Financial Linkages, written jointly with Tamim Bayoumi, estimates the impact of an adverse shock to bank capital on credit availability and spending in the United States, allowing for feedback from spending and income through the balance sheets of banks, firms and households. We find that an exogenous fall in the bank capital/asset ratio by one percentage point reduces real GDP by some 1 ½ percent through its effects on credit availability, while an exogenous fall in demand of 1 percent of GDP is gradually magnified to around 2 percent through financial feedback effects. The third paper, The Effects of Real Exchange Rate Shocks in an Economy with Extreme Liability Dollarization, studies the effects of real exchange rate depreciation in Bolivia, where over 95 percent of bank credit is denominated in dollars. Currency depreciation increases the domestic-currency value of foreign-currency liabilities and the debt service burden, thus adversely affecting firm balance sheets. A key issue for policymakers in countries with widespread foreign-currency borrowing is whether depreciation would have the standard, expansionary effect on output, or if an adverse balance sheet would dominate. I find that real exchange depreciation has negligible effects on output, since a contractionary balance-sheet effect on investment is counteracted by the standard expansionary effect on net exports. The fourth paper, Uncovered Interest Parity in a Partially Dollarized Developing Country: Does UIP Hold in Bolivia? (And If Not, Why Not?), studies another aspect of macro-financial linkages. The so-called uncovered interest parity (UIP) condition states that interest rate differentials compensate for expected exchange rate changes, equalizing the expected returns from holding assets which only differ in terms of currency denomination. Because of data availability problems, there is a lack of empirical tests of UIP for developing countries. The paper studies the case of Bolivia, where there are bank accounts which only differ in terms of currency denomination (bolivianos or U.S. dollars). I find that UIP does not hold in Bolivia, but that the deviations are smaller than in most other studies of developed and emerging economies. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2009 Sammanfattning jämte 4 uppsatser

This thesis provides more precise characterisation of patterns, causes and consequences of takeover activity in Australia over three decades spanning from 1972 to 2004. The first contribution of the thesis is to characterise the time series behaviour of takeover activity. It is found that linear models do not adequately capture the structure of merger activity; a non-linear two-state Markov switching model works better. A key contribution of the thesis is, therefore, to propose an approach of combining a State-Space model with the Markov switching regime model in describing takeover activity. Experimental results based on our approach show an improvement over other existing approaches. We find four waves, one in the 1980s, two in the 1990s, and one in the 2000s, with an expected duration of each wave state of approximately two years. The second contribution is an investigation of the extent to which financial and macro-economic factors predict takeover activity after controlling for the probability of takeover waves. A main finding is that while stock market boom periods are empirically associated with takeover waves, the underlying driver is interest rate level. A low interest rate environment is associated with higher aggregate takeover activity. This relationship is consistent with Shleifer and Vishny (1992)'s liquidity argument that takeover waves are symptoms of lower cost of capital. Replicating the analysis to the biggest takeover market in the world, the US, reveals a remarkable consistency of results. In short, the Australian findings are not idiosyncratic. Finally, the implications for target and bidder firm shareholders are explored via investigation of takeover bid premiums and long-term abnormal returns separately between the wave and non-wave periods. This represents the third contribution to the literature of takeover waves. Findings reveal that target shareholders earn abnormally positive returns in takeover bids and bid premiums are slightly lower in the wave periods. Analysis of the returns to bidding firm shareholders suggests that the lower premiums earned by target shareholders in the wave periods may simply reflect lower total economic gains, at the margin, to takeovers made in the wave periods. It is found that bidding firms earn normal post-takeover returns (relative to a portfolio of firms matched in size and survival) if their bids are made in the non-wave periods. However, bidders who announce their takeover bids during the wave periods exhibit significant under-performance. For mergers that took place within waves, there is no difference in bid premiums and nor is there a difference in the long-run returns of bidders involved in the first half and second half of the waves. We find that none of theories of merger waves (managerial, mis-valuation and neoclassical) can fully account for the Australian takeover waves and their effects. Instead, our results suggest that a combination of these theories may provide better explanation. Given that normal returns are observed for acquiring firms, taken as a whole, we are more likely to uphold the neoclassical argument for merger activity. However, the evidence is not entirely consistent with neo-classical rational models, the under-performance effect during the wave states is consistent with the herding behaviour by firms.

Thesis (DPhil (Logistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / South Africa currently experiences the double jeopardy problem of catching up to global economic competitiveness whilst at the same time feeling the pressures of sustainability management spearheaded by a global agenda. Global sustainability is defined as growth that is shared without depleting natural resources or damaging the environment. Academic disciplines are challenged to make a contribution and economics as such should contribute by providing the lead and lag indicators for the planning and measurement of scarce resources usuage. This integrative view includes economic sub-disciplines, such as logistics. This integrative view is an acknowledged part of the economics discipline, except that the macro-economic context of some sub-disciplines, such as logistics, often receives less attention during the course of academic activities. The distribution of resources and outputs in the economy is a logistics controlled cross-cutting factor, but suffers from a lack of macro-economic perspective, and lead and lag orientated measurement. This state of the affairs is a historic backlog of logistics and its specific position within economics. During the primary economic era the world began to configure networks and markets, which became more pronounced and settled with the dawn and settling of the industrial era. Logistics then was a “given” and did not receive much thought even as industrial, market economies developed. Transport was regarded as an administered cost, i.e. inefficiencies in logistics systems were evenly distributed between competitors, not giving any specific entity an advantage. With the advent of global competition and the diminishing returns on other cost saving measures, companies began to collaborate and integrate logistics functions within value chains, but the administered part of transport costs failed to receive the attention it required. In this way, global competitors did begin to experience disadvantages on a national level as whole economies suffered from inefficiencies in logistics and specifically transport systems.

Cette thèse, dont l'objectif est de faire prévaloir l'importance de la macro-économétrie dans l'histoire de la macro-économie, s'articule autour de deux questions centrales : (1) Quelles ont été les forces et les objectif qui ont motivé le développement de la modélisation macro-économétrique et quelle est la nature des outils et des institutions que les macro-économistes ont construit pour observer, comprendre et contrôler l'économie d'après-guerre aux États-Unis , (2) Quels ont été les effets de la construction et de l'utilisation de tels outils dans la production du savoir macro-économique ? En considérant Lawrence R. Klein comme une figure centrale, je parcours la discipline économique des années 1940-1950 en me focalisant sur l'intersection entre l'histoire de la macro-économie et celle de l'économétrie, et ainsi, je propose une nouvelle vision de 'économie du vingtième siècle en tant que discipline "saisie par les outils", dans laquelle la théorie (économique et statistique), l'application, l'expertise et la politique s'incorporent dans un même outil scientifique : un model macro-économétrique. j'expose donc l'histoire de la macro-économie non pas comme le produit des questions idéologiques monolithiques ou purement théoriques, mais plutôt comme le produit des visions épistémologiques et de stratégies de modélisation divergentes qui remontent aux débats entre les approches empiriques de la macro-économie étatunienne et les méthodologies Walrasienne et Marshallienne. Ainsi, je soutiens la thèse que Klein a été le personnage principal dans la création d'une nouvelle manière de produire le savoir macro-économique qui, à travers la construction et l'utilisation d'outils complexes (modèles macro-économétriques) mis en place au sein d'une configuration institutionnelle spécifique (laboratoires économétriques), poursuivait des objectifs explicites de politique économique, et par laquelle les rôles bien définis des experts (équipes scientifiques) étaient intégrées à une nouvelle pratique scientifique : la modélisation macro-économique. / In this disseration, I place macroeconometric modeling at the center of the history of twentieth century macroeconomics, i. e. as e history of macroeconometrics, and ask two central questions : (1) What exactly were the objectives and the forces driving the development of macroeconometric modeling, and what kind of tools and institutions did macroeconomists build to observe, understand, and control the US postwar economy ? (2) What were the effects that the construction and use of these tools had on the production of macroeconomic knowledge ? Taking Lawrence R. Klein as a vehicle, I travel accross the economics discipline of the 1940s and 1950s, and study the intersection between the history of macroeconomics and the history of econometrics, providing a new understanding of twentieth century economics as a "tooled" discipline, in which theory (economy and statistical), application, expertise, and policy become embedded within one scientific tool : a macroeconometric model. Consequently, I present the history of macroeconomics not as the product of monolithic ideological and purely theoretical issues, but rather of divergent epistemological views and modeling strategies that go back to the debates between US-Walrasian and US-Marshallian approaches to empirical macroeconomics in which macroeconometric modeling from the heart of macroeconometrics. My thesis is that Klein what the most important figure in the creation of a new way to produce scientific knowledge that consisted in the construction and use of compex tools (macroeconometric models) within specific institutional configurations (econometric labotories) and for explicit policy and scientific objectives, in which well-defined roles of experts (scientific teams) were embodied within a new scientific practice (macroeconometric modeling).

Mon étude concerne l’analyse des industries en matières dures d’origine animale dans les contextes prè-pastoraux et pastoraux de l’Est du Maghreb au début et au milieu de l’Holocène.Le Maghreb est riche d’une longue tradition de fabrication et utilisation des ces types des matières, cependant très peu de chercheurs se sont intéressé à la question depuis les années 60 et seulement au travers d’études typologiques, dont chacun connaît maintenant les limites. J’ai reprise l’étude des anciennes collections (Dra-Mta-el-M-Abiod; R’fane; Khanguet-Ain-Mouhaad ; Capéletti collection Rivière) dans la perspective d’une approche technologique, typologique et fonctionelle. Le but est reconstruire la séquence dynamique à la base de la production osseuses des groupes culturels de ces régions: de l’approvisionnement de la matière première (par chasse, abattage ou collecte) à la production des objets en reconstituant des schémas de fabrication et d'utilisation des outils par observation tracceologique et expérimentations. Cela a permis de définir leur rôle dans les activités menées par le groupe, en s’intéressant aussi à la maintenance des outils, y compris au recyclage, jusqu'à l’abandon de l’objet utilisé.En comparant les données issues des séries analyses des seriés pré-pastorale il a été possible d’observer, pour les procédés de fabrication un système normé très codifié et homogène, même avec quelques variantes. Ce système se reflète dans le choix de la matière première et des espèces animales, dans les caractéristiques morpho-métriques et stylistiques des produits finis et dans certains cas, dans le procédé et la méthode de débitage, enfin dans les techniques de fabrication.L’analyse technologique et fonctionelle de la série pastorale Rivière a révélé un changement partiel des les systèmes de production des objets en matières dures d’origine animale par rapport à la série pré-pastorale. Même si sur le plan stylistique il y a des tendences communs ou de continuité, dans la morpho-métrie, dans la typologie, les procédé et la méthodes de fabrication mises en oeuvre ou encore les techniques de fabbrication et leurs ordre d’application on peut observer des éléments nouveaux Tout ces aspects ont pu être mis en évidence uniquement grâce àl’approche technologique qui j’ai menée qui m’a permis de isoler des traits distinctifs et diagnostiqus particulièrement clairs pour les phases de production. Ces éléments de caractérisation très prometteurs méritent maintenat d’être vérifiés et d’être complétés par de nouvelles observations et par l’étude d’un corpus élargi à d’autres collections.L’approche combinée de la typologie, de la technologique e l’étude fonctionelle permettra certainement d’après des éléments de réponse à ces questions fondamentales dans les années à venir. J’espère par exemple de apporter de nouveaux arguments permettant de insérer l’étude des processus productive des matières dures d’origine animale sur le sujet de la relation de continuité ou discontinuité culturelle entre les société pré-pastoral du Capsien supérieur et les société pastorales du Néolithique de Tradition Capsienne en Algérie. / During my Ph.D. research I have investigated the exploitation of hard faunal materials coming from some pre-pastoral and pastoral contexts of the Eastern Maghreb, defined as Capsian and Neolithic of Capsian Tradition. In particular, the materials coming from the first half of 20th century excavations by J. Morel, Debruge, Latapie and T. Riviére in the Tébessa and Aurés regions are the specific focus of my analyses. For the first time these collections have been investigated from a technological and functional perspective. The multidisciplinary approach I have applied involved the identification and characterization of the technological scars on the débitage products and their comparison with those visible on artefacts from an experimental reference collection.Each element underwent a progressive scale of observation: from the naked eye up to 130X magnification under a stereomicroscope. This allowed the identification of specific manufacturing techniques, processes of matrix partition and manufacturing methods for the production of certain morpho-types. In parallel, the study of the deformation of the tool’s active edge and the observation, under reflected-light microscope, of the micro-usewear allowed a better understanding of the types of materials with which some of the tools came in to contact.The reconstruction of the chaîne opératoire and, more generally, of the production processes of hard faunal materials coming from the analysed contexts, yielded a new contribution to the definition of the Eastern Maghreb food-producing communities. The synchronic analysis of the pre-pastoral contexts highlighted a certain degree of homogeneity in the technical and economic choices of the Eastern Maghreb human groups. At the same time, the diachronic analysis has highlighted the element of continuity and discontinuity between pre-pastoral and pastoral contexts.The application of this approach to other collections of worked bone artefacts coming from the Maghreb would provide new insights to the still-open debate about the relationship between the pre-pastoral Capsian and the so called pastoral Neolithic of Capsian Tradition groups. / Il progetto di ricerca sviluppato all’interno della tesi verte sull’analisi di collezioni in materie dure di origine animale provenienti da alcuni contesti pre-pastorali e pastorali del Maghreb orientale, definiti come Capsiano e Neolitico di tradizione “Capsiana”, relativi all’antico e medio Olocene.Sebbene il largo impiego in queste aree di materie di origine animale per la produzione di manufatti, pochi ricercatori si sono interessati a questo tipo di studio, limitato quasi sempre ad un approccio eminentemente tipologico fondato sui lavori di Camps-Fabrer. Le collezioni sono state analizzate secondo un metodo tecnologico, tipologico e funzionale su base tracceologica e sperimentale.La ricostruzione della chaîne opératoire e più in generale dei processi di produzione delle materie dure di origine animale ha apportato un nuovo contributo nella definizione delle comunità pre-pastorali e pastorali che hanno occupato queste regioni del Maghreb orientale. L’analisi sincronica delle collezioni pre-pastorali ha consentito di mettere in risalto un certo grado di omogeneità nelle scelte tecniche ed economiche. Al contempo, una prima comparazione diacronica tecnologica, tipologica e funzionale tra le serie pre-pastorali e quella pastorale ha evidenziato un fenomeno di discontinuità nei processi produttivi forse derivata da nuovi contatti con le zone più settentrionali a loro volta al centro di possibili apporti dal Marocco ad Ovest oppure dal Vicino Oriente ad Est.In effetti, l’applicazione di un metodo di analisi come quello proposto per le collezioni analizzate ad un campione di studio più ampio potrebbe effettivamente convalidare la possibile rottura nei processi produttivi e apportare nuovi elementi al dibattito ancora aperto sulla relazione che intercorre tra i gruppi capsiani e quelli pastorali definiti in queste aree di “tradizione capsiana”.

This thesis examines elements of the conceptualization of literature within literary studies and literary production in a UK context, considering the concept of exclusionary practices based on the negligence of intersectional categories of identity such as race, gender, class, sexuality, etc., in the practice of understanding and interpreting literature. The methodologies I employ are close reading of various narratives, such as literary texts, as well as a narrative analysis aimed at a holistic understanding of my material. The second part of this thesis envisions a decolonised approach to literature in which we situate our positionalities when we read and interpret literary works. I demonstrate this through the analysis of several poems, informed by decolonial concepts and sensibilities. The results show that the maintenance of these exclusionary practices advances a grand-narrative of Western civilisation, ignoring the multiple sites people inhabit both from within, and outside, the West and that these practices are effectively harmful. I argue that through the project of decolonising literature there is a possibility of disrupting the perpetual macro-narrative of Western domination and universality.

Submitted by LUCILA ALMEIDA (lucila.almeida@gvmail.br) on 2011-08-30T16:01:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucila.pdf: 1896351 bytes, checksum: e7e8e38be3a236b80c79fdd9cfca8ff3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-08-30T18:27:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucila.pdf: 1896351 bytes, checksum: e7e8e38be3a236b80c79fdd9cfca8ff3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-08-30T18:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucila.pdf: 1896351 bytes, checksum: e7e8e38be3a236b80c79fdd9cfca8ff3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-05 / This dissertation will analyze the dynamic performance of Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. – Petrobras – within the Brazilian institutional arrangement. Its objective is to identify if this public owned company’s performance was accompanied by changes in its macro and micro legal structures, which resulted in the adaptation of Petrobras to changes in the relationship between the state and market, promoted by institutional reforms. The main premise of this study establishes that in the recent history of Brazil, four main ideologies influenced legal reforms that altered the relationship between the state and the market within four different periods: (i) from the Era Vargas to the government of President Juscelino Kubitschek; (ii) from the military coup to the redemocratization process; (iii) from the government of President Fernando Collor to the end of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso’s term; and (iv) from the beginning of President Lula’s term until the time this research was conducted. The first chapter explains the direct interventions of the state in the productive sector, their characteristics, and how they affected the relationship of the state with the market during these four periods. The subsequent chapters aim at analyzing Petrobras’ configuration in the micro legal field – corporate organization – and macro legal – link between the public owned company and other public and private agents – in each of the four periods. The second chapter describes Petrobras through a legal viewpoint during its first ten years. The third chapter identifies the legal changes that affected Petrobras during the military regime. The fourth chapter analyzes the legal changes undergone by Petrobras during the State Reform. Finally, the fifth chapter discusses the most recent legal alterations suffered by Petrobras as a consequence of a vast oil reserve discovery, also known as Pré-Sal. / A presente dissertação analisará a persistente dinâmica da Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. – Petrobras – no arranjo institucional brasileiro. O objetivo é identificar se essa permanência foi acompanhada de mudanças na estrutura macro e microjurídica da empresa estatal que promoveram a sua adaptação às alterações da relação Estado e mercado promovidas por reformas institucionais. O trabalho parte do pressuposto de que, na recente evolução histórica brasileira, quatro correlações de forças promoveram reformas jurídicas que alteraram a relação Estado e mercado em quatro diferentes períodos: (i) da Era Vargas ao governo Juscelino Kubitschek; (ii) do golpe militar ao processo de redemocratização; (iii) do governo Fernando Collor ao término do governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso; e (iv) do início do governo Lula até o momento da elaboração deste trabalho. Para desenvolver esse precedente, o primeiro capítulo analisará o modo e a intensidade da intervenção direta do Estado no setor produtivo para identificar as características da relação Estado e mercado nos períodos. Os capítulos subsequentes se deterão à análise da estrutura da Petrobras na esfera microjurídica – organização societária – e macrojurídica – articulação da empresa estatal com outros agentes públicos e privados – em cada um dos quatro períodos delimitados no capítulo anterior. O segundo capítulo descreverá institucionalmente a Petrobras durante seus primeiros dez anos. O terceiro capítulo identificará as mudanças institucionais promovidas na empresa estatal durante o regime militar. O quarto capítulo disporá sobre as alterações jurídicas na Petrobras promovidas pela Reforma do Estado. Por fim, o quinto capítulo tratará das mais recentes mudanças institucionais da empresa estatal decorrente da descoberta da vasta reserva de petróleo denominada pré-sal.