La folie, dans les archives de la justice royale aux XIVe et XVe siècles, s’accompagne de deux effets de droit : l’incapacité dans les affaires civiles et l’irresponsabilité dans la sphère pénale. La démence (furor) est définie, de manière sommaire, comme une maladie relevant des lois de la nature, qui prive la personne de sa capacité à posséder une intention valable. Sur la base de ce canevas juridique, les descriptions de comportements fous sont assez diverses, car elles s’adaptent aux termes de chaque litige. L’argument de folie sert, en particulier, à excuser un crime, à faire annuler un contrat ou un testament, ou encore à empêcher un proche parent de dissiper les biens du lignage, en obtenant son interdiction et/ou sa mise en curatelle. Le pouvoir qui s’exerce sur l’individu déclaré fou est d’abord celui de la parentèle, qui l’empêche d’accéder au statut normal de l’adulte en raison de son désordre mental et qui, s’il est dangereux, le garde lié à domicile. Des usages coutumiers règlementent ces situations, mais le recours aux sentences des tribunaux royaux et aux règles du droit savant se développe au cours de la période. Le roi ne légifère pas sur ces affaires familiales, laissant certains acteurs intermédiaires, notamment urbains, réclamer la garde de ces sujets vulnérables. Ses gens de justice veillent néanmoins à rendre incontournable le recours à sa juridiction souveraine. / In the archives of the royal justice system of the 14th and 15th centuries, madness was distinguished by two distinct judicial attributes: full incapacity in civil proceedings and the exception from penal responsibility in judicial matters. Dementia (furor) was summarily defined as an illness, stemming from the laws of nature, which deprived the subject of his ability to express any valid intent. Within this legal framework, whether or not conduct was deemed mad depended in large part on the specific circumstances of each law suit. The insanity plea could be used, for example, to acquit a crime, to nullify a contract or a testament as well as to prevent a relative from squandering the possessions of the family line by either having him barred and/or placed under guardianship. Those who were regarded as insane found themselves placed, primarily, under the authority of their relatives who thus deprived them of the ordinary privileges associated to adulthood and, should they prove dangerous, kept them at home. If customary law was generally used to arbitrate these situations, more and more appeals to the royal courts and to the opinions of legal scholars were made during this period. Even if the king did not pass judgment on such family matters, he did deputize certain mid-level actors, such as the burghers, to take these vulnerable subjects in their custody. In turn, these lawmen remained particularly attentive to appeal systematically to his sovereign authority.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:32:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Milena Silva Lisboa.pdf: 1166144 bytes, checksum: 2ffcf0443932a31cced2f59a29c24124 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Labeling a person as mentally ill is an extremely complex and controversial process, involving social concepts and psychiatric knowledge about mental illness . The analysis of the process through which Psychiatry captured, historically, the notion of madness and still grasps and encloses it allows us to comprehend the related and social nature of mental illness . Labeling Theory considers mental illness as a historically constructed label, imputed to those who present deviant behavior, whose performances violate established patterns of sociability. Through psycho-sociological reflections about the recognition process of deviations such as mental illness , this research proposes to analyze the ways in which family members conversationally negotiate meaning faced with social rule-breaking and the later labeling process. Labeling Theory and Conversational Analysis offer theoretical and methodological tools to approach daily family conversations, considering how important moments of the social labeling process are dealt with conversationally. Interviews and free form meetings were carried out with the family of a person who had recently initiated the labeling process of mental illness . The family s ethno-methods were stressed, pointing out the different patterns of interaction constructed dialogically by the participants when referring to different moments of the labeling process. The results suggest that the social labeling of the participant was still taking place and, within this process, new meanings were elaborated daily by the family in its interactions. Despite resistance to labeling which emerged in defense of macumba (Afro-Brazilian witchcraft) as an alternative label, the family s comprehension about his suffering started to be referred to by the label of depression , in an approximation of psychiatric comprehension. These a posteriori re-elaborations suggest that social actors converse retroactively about social labeling moments, reconstructing meaning at each interaction. Such gradual and dynamic construction points to the importance of conversation in elaborating a self marked by the stigma involved in the label of mentally ill or, alternatively, to the elaboration of new comprehensions based on the acceptance of differences and care / A rotulação social de uma pessoa como doente mental é um processo extremamente complexo e controverso que envolve conhecimentos psiquiátricos e concepções sociais acerca do adoecimento psíquico. A história da captura do fenômeno conhecido como loucura pela Psiquiatria, junto à análise dos modos como atualmente ainda o abarca e o contém, oferecem subsídios ao exercício proposto por esse trabalho de compreensão da natureza relacional e social do fenômeno nomeado doença mental . A Teoria da Rotulação Social considera a doença mental como um rótulo construído historicamente, atribuído à pessoa que apresenta comportamentos desviantes, cujas performances rompem com os padrões vigentes de sociabilidade. Por meio de reflexões psico-sociológicas quanto ao processo de identificação de um desvio como doença mental , esta pesquisa propõe a análise dos modos como o entorno familiar negocia conversacionalmente sentidos frente aos rompimentos de normas sociais e sua posterior rotulação como doença mental . A Teoria da Rotulação Social e a Análise de Conversação oferecem ferramentas teórico-metodológicas para uma abordagem da conversação cotidiana no âmbito da família que atenta para os modos como momentos importantes do processo de rotulação social são tratados conversacionalmente. Foram realizadas entrevistas e encontros livres com a família de uma pessoa que havia iniciado há pouco tempo o processo de rotulação social como doente mental . A análise destacou os etnométodos utilizados pela família, atentando para os diferentes padrões interacionais construídos dialogicamente pelos participantes da pesquisa quando se referiam aos momentos vividos no processo de rotulação. Os resultados da pesquisa sugeriram que a rotulação social do participante ainda estava em andamento, e, neste processo, a cada dia, novas construções de sentido iam sendo elaboradas pela família em suas interações. Apesar de resistências à rotulação aparecerem com a defesa da macumba como rótulo alternativo, processos de patologização de seu sofrimento começaram a ser engendrados a partir de sua aproximação com o rótulo de depressão . Essas re-elaborações realizadas a posteriori permitiram sugerir que os atores sociais discorrem retroativamente em suas conversações sobre os momentos da rotulação social, reconstruindo-os a cada interação. Tal construção, paulatina e dinâmica, aponta para a importância da conversação para a elaboração de um self marcado pelo estigma envolvido com o rótulo de doente mental ou, alternativamente, para a elaboração de novas compreensões baseadas na aceitação da diferença e no cuidado

Esta pesquisa buscou revalorizar a experiência de velhos e velhas internos dos hospitais Pinel e D. Pedro II na cidade de São Paulo a partir de narrativas orais dessas pessoas e levantamento de documentos escritos dos arquivos das instituições. O recuo temporal do conjunto das suas narrações permitiu traçar como recorte histórico o período que recobre os anos de 1940/2005. A recuperação de suas histórias de vida evidenciou a possibilidade de uma reflexão crítica sobre a condição social da velhice no tempo presente. A análise das práticas de construção política de sentimentos e memórias dentro desse campo de violências e arbitrariedades apontou uma cultura de resistências na busca de reversão de injunções cotidianamente impostas. A partir do que essas pessoas compreendem e observam do terreno de lutas e disputas sociais em que estão inseridas, a ideologia médica e as relações de poder são desocultadas e questionadas em alguns dos seus mecanismos burocráticos. O resgate de dimensões da prática política desses sujeitos históricos foi possível também pelas conquistas da História Oral no campo do conhecimento historiográfico. / This research has sought to revalue the experience of old people who are in the Pinel and D. Pedro II hospitals in São Paulo from their oral narratives and from information taken from written documents from the archives of these institutions. The journey back in time provided by their narratives allowed the period, covering the years 1940/2005, to be traced as a historical record. Recovering their lives\' histories provided evidence that it is possible to reflect critically on the social condition of old age in present day society. Analysis of the practices used for politically constructing feelings and memories within this field of violence and arbitrariness pointed to a culture of resistance in the search to reverse the injunctions that are daily imposed upon them. Based on what these people understand and observe of the social struggles and disputes in which they find themselves, some of the bureaucratic mechanisms of medical ideology and power relationships are unveiled and questioned. Rescuing the dimensions of the political practice of these historical individuals was also possible because of triumphs of Oral History in the field of histiographic knowledge.

Esta tese é o resultado do levantamento sistemático, como um inventário documental comentado, sobre o Núcleo de Atividades Expressivas Nise da Silveira, sua Oficina de Criatividade e seu acervo, no período de 1990 a 2008. O núcleo, um dispositivo da rede de saúde mental coletiva, faz parte do Centro de Reabilitação Psicossocial São Pedro, setor do Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro de Porto Alegre/ RS. Este inventário cultural é um primeiro organizador da história da Oficina de Criatividade - sua práxis cuidadora e o material artístico produzido - e do seu Acervo - cerca de 100 mil documentos, entre material artístico, produtos e produção técnico-científica. As coleções de Cenilda Ribeiro, Natália Leite, Luiz Guides e Frontino Vieira, cujo trabalho tem o reconhecimento no campo da Arte e Loucura, representam o conjunto das obras ali produzidas. Além disto, o resultado de uma pesquisa com profissionais das artes plásticas, do programa de residência integrada em saúde, ênfase saúde mental coletiva (RIS/ ESP/ HPSP/ SES/ RS) é contribuição inovadora no sentido de estabelecer competências e responsabilidades do profissional/ oficineiro, em termos de seu núcleo e campo de saber. Autores como Balbo e Bèrges, Campos, Ceccim, Foucault, Freud, Jung, Lacan, Quinet e Silveira estão entre os teóricos que fundamentam esta tese. / This thesis is the outcome of a survey, as a commented documental inventory, about Nise da Silveira Expressive Activities Group (Núcleo de Atividades Expressivas Nise da Silveira), its Creativity Workshop and its collection, between 1990 and 2008. This Group, a device of the collective mental health net, belongs to the São Pedro psychosocial center in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This cultural inventory is a first Creativity Workshop history initiative - its preservation praxis and the artistic material produced - and of the collection – of around 100 thousand documents, among artistic material and other technical and scientific products. The collections of Cenilda Ribeiro, Natália Leite, Luiz Guides e Frontino Vieira, who have the acknowledgement in the fields of Insanity and Art, represent the entirety of the works produced at the workshop. Besides, the result of a research with professional artists, of the integrated health residency programme, with emphasis in collective mental health (RIS/ ESP/ HPSP/ SES/ RS), is an innovative contribution in the sense of establishing competences and responsibilities of the professionals, in terms of this group and knowledge area. This thesis is based on the ideas of authors such as Balbo e Bèrges, Campos, Ceccim, Foucault, Freud, Jung, Lacan, Quinet and Silveira.

Esta pesquisa buscou revalorizar a experiência de velhos e velhas internos dos hospitais Pinel e D. Pedro II na cidade de São Paulo a partir de narrativas orais dessas pessoas e levantamento de documentos escritos dos arquivos das instituições. O recuo temporal do conjunto das suas narrações permitiu traçar como recorte histórico o período que recobre os anos de 1940/2005. A recuperação de suas histórias de vida evidenciou a possibilidade de uma reflexão crítica sobre a condição social da velhice no tempo presente. A análise das práticas de construção política de sentimentos e memórias dentro desse campo de violências e arbitrariedades apontou uma cultura de resistências na busca de reversão de injunções cotidianamente impostas. A partir do que essas pessoas compreendem e observam do terreno de lutas e disputas sociais em que estão inseridas, a ideologia médica e as relações de poder são desocultadas e questionadas em alguns dos seus mecanismos burocráticos. O resgate de dimensões da prática política desses sujeitos históricos foi possível também pelas conquistas da História Oral no campo do conhecimento historiográfico. / This research has sought to revalue the experience of old people who are in the Pinel and D. Pedro II hospitals in São Paulo from their oral narratives and from information taken from written documents from the archives of these institutions. The journey back in time provided by their narratives allowed the period, covering the years 1940/2005, to be traced as a historical record. Recovering their lives\' histories provided evidence that it is possible to reflect critically on the social condition of old age in present day society. Analysis of the practices used for politically constructing feelings and memories within this field of violence and arbitrariness pointed to a culture of resistance in the search to reverse the injunctions that are daily imposed upon them. Based on what these people understand and observe of the social struggles and disputes in which they find themselves, some of the bureaucratic mechanisms of medical ideology and power relationships are unveiled and questioned. Rescuing the dimensions of the political practice of these historical individuals was also possible because of triumphs of Oral History in the field of histiographic knowledge.

Cette étude analyse les modalités de l’inhabitable dans un monde hostile et instable, ainsi que les stratégies élaborées afin de contrecarrer les effets pervers de l’instabilité. La violence des affects en jeu est à l’image de la cruauté des relations sociales, et ne laisse que peu d’espace viable même au sein du cercle familial, lui aussi soumis à l’entropie de la méchanceté ontologique. Les héroïnes de Jackson, confrontées de diverses manières aux résurgences d’expériences traumatiques que la traversée du présent, odyssée physique et psychique, transforme en obstacles insurmontables, recherchent la demeure idéale où se réfugier et trouver l’ancrage que leur interdit le monde extérieur. Jackson utilise les tropes de la maison gothique, de la hantise et du surnaturel pour illustrer les rouages trompeurs qui se mettent en place dès lors que ses héroïnes pensent avoir trouvé un tel lieu. Le paradoxe du corps maternel, qui fait cohabiter la vie et la mort, sous leurs formes pulsionnelles les plus destructrices, est le principe fondateur de l’effondrement des personnages. La folie apparaît comme un des moyens de comprendre l’incompréhensible, et de contenir la fragmentation. Enfin, l’invention du nom constitue le dernier retranchement où construire une demeure intérieure. / Our study examines the modalities of the uninhabitable in the work of Jackson, where the characters are imprisoned in a world intrinsically hostile, as well as the strategies they use to thwart the instability it entails. The violence of the feelings at stake mirrors the cruelty of social relationships, leaving but little livable space even within the family circle, also affected by the entropy of ontological evil. Jackson’s heroines, variously confronted to the reemergence of past traumatic experiences that their odyssey through the present time transforms into unsurmountable obstacles, seek the ideal house, the haven that will anchor them into a world that rejects them. Jackson uses the tropes of the gothic haunted house as maternal space to illustrate the deadly deception such a place embodies. The cohabitation the most drastic forms of the death drive and vital impulses is the foundation principle of mental dissolution. Madness is one of the means to both embrace and understand the incomprehensible. We conclude by showing how the invention of one’s name is a way of elaborating an inner house.

Dissertation declaring that The United States of America is a Fourth World Nation. It has earned this distinction as direct a result of the manner in which it was established, how it developed, and the fact that it has demonstratively failed to confront its ever-increasing disparity and unevenness. Fourth World Theory provides a foundation and framework for a critical investigation of society and culture though an analytical lens, and an examination of the inequities that are increasingly prevalent throughout a post-industrial, post-agrarian, post-developing space of inevitable decline.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C) 課題番号:17520162 研究代表者:松岡 光治 研究期間:2005-2007年度

Ce mémoire de maîtrise étudie la mise en scène de la folie des femmes au cinéma. Notre hypothèse est qu’il est possible d’appréhender la folie en tant que forme esthétique et ainsi, d’isoler un répertoire de figures essentielles à la mise en scène et à la mise en jeu des corps féminins. En partant d’une définition « fuyante » de la folie, il s’agit de dégager la folle de la pathologie et d’examiner plutôt comment les images peuvent se faire écho et rejouer dans l’Histoire une série de « procédés figuratifs » à l’écran. Nous nous intéressons d’abord au grand bassin imaginaire dans lequel se construit l’iconographie de la folie des femmes au cinéma. Nous montrons ainsi comment la mémoire visuelle de la folie est tirée de tous les côtés par un réseau d’images plus anciennes et soulignons l’importance du spectaculaire dans ce bassin esthétique. Ensuite, nous étudions le mouvement des corps fous au cinéma. Nous démontrons comment la mise en scène de la folie donne accès à un répertoire de formes d’expressions reconnaissables : syncope, rire hystérique, jouissance, chutes, redressements, tics, contractures, etc. Finalement, en nous appuyant sur les notions d’emprunt et de contagion, nous démontrons l’importance du geste dans la compréhension des corps délirants au cinéma. / This thesis examines the mise en scène of female madness in film. We believe that it is possible to understand madness as an aesthetic form and thus isolate a repertoire of figures essential to the interpretation and performance of female bodies. Beginning with an “elusive” definition of madness, we can conceptualize it outside of the pathology and consider instead how the images can be reflected in History and replay a series of "representational processes" on the screen. Firstly, we are interested in the great repertoire in which imagination builds the iconography of female madness in film. We show how a network of older images influences from different angles the visual memory of insanity and we stress the importance of the “spectacular” aspect of this iconography. Secondly, we study the motion of bodies in chosen films. We demonstrate how the mise en scène of madness gives access to a repertoire of recognizable forms of expression: syncope, hysterical laughter, ecstasy, falls, tics, contractures, etc. Finally, based on the concepts of mimesis and contagion, we demonstrate the importance of gesture in understanding madness in film.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:51:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-17. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:54:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000864540.pdf: 1039983 bytes, checksum: 385664595ca05055e160d04f90391778 (MD5) / Russell Harrison (1994) reconhece a presença do chauvinismo machista na obra de Charles Bukowski e afirma que a redação de seus romances tem de ser vista no contexto da 'segunda onda do feminismo', época na qual Bukowski se consolidou como escritor, e como consequência recebeu influência. Esse momento da liberação feminina é representado por livros tais como Sexual Politics de Kate Millett (1969) e The Female Eunuch de Germaine Greer (1970). Bukowski, conhecido por apresentar a mulher como objeto do desejo masculino, demonstra uma sensibilidade diante da objetificação do corpo feminino no conto 'The Most Beautiful Woman in Town', no qual o autor retrata a protagonista Cass como vulnerável e carente de assistência. A dissertação situa esse conto no contexto dos 64 contos de Erections, Ejaculations, Exhibitions and Tales of Ordinary Madness (1972), para demonstrar a forma excepcional com que o autor mostra a sua sensibilidade em relação à figura feminina no contexto de uma coletânea caracterizada por sua misoginia / Russell Harrison (1994) recognises the male chauvinism of Charles Bukowski's work and argues that his novels must be seen in the context of the 'second wave of the feminism', a time in which Bukowski established himself as a writer, and which certainly influenced him. This point in the struggle for women's liberation is represented by books such as Sexual Politics, by Kate Millett (1969), and The Female Eunuch, by Germaine Greer (1970). Bukowski, known for his presentation of women as the objects of male desire, demonstrates a sensitivity concerning the objectification of the female body in the story 'The Most Beautiful Woman in Town', in which he depicts the protagonist, Cass, as vulnerable and in need of assistance. The dissertation situates this story in the context of the 64 stories of Erections, Ejaculations, Exhibitions and Tales of Ordinary Madness (1972) in order to demonstrate how exceptional its sensitivity with regard to women is in a collection characterised by its misogynism