Syfte Syftet med studien är att undersöka fotbollsutövande gymnasieelevers uppfattningar av skaderisk på konstgräs respektive naturgräs. Metod En kvantitativ enkätundersökning med 46 stycken (st) deltagande gymnasieelever som läser lokal (LIU) eller nationell (NIU) godkänd idrottsutbildning inom fotboll. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test användes för beräkning av medelvärde och för att urskilja statistiska signifikanta skillnader mellan de olika grupperna, match och träning på respektive spelunderlag. Chi- Square crosstabs post-hoc test användes för att urskilja statistiska signifikanta skillnader mellan de olika skadetyperna på respektive spelunderlag. Resultat Resultaten i denna studie visade att de deltagande fotbollsutövande gymnasieeleverna uppfattade att skaderisken för akuta- överbelastningsskador var högre på konstgräs än naturgräs, både under träning och match. Skillnaden mellan de olika grupperna, akuta- och överbelastningsskador under träning och match på respektive spelunderlag, var statistiskt signifikanta då signifikans nivån var mindre än p<0,05. De skadetyperna som de deltagande fotbollsutövande gymnasieeleverna uppfattade vara mest förekommande på konstgräs var rivsår/ skrapsår. De skadetyperna som de deltagande fotbollsutövande gymnasieeleverna uppfattade vara mest förekommande på naturgräs var muskelsträckning/ muskelbristning. Skillnaden mellan de olika grupperna, muskelbristning/ muskelsträckning samt rivsår/ skrapsår på konstgräs och naturgräs, var statistiskt signifikanta då signifikans nivån var mindre än p<0,05. Slutsatser Denna studie bekräftar att de deltagande fotbollsutövande gymnasieelevernas uppfattningar stämmer överens med vad tidigare studier har visat om elitfotbollsspelares uppfattningar om skaderisk på konstgräs i jämförelse med naturgräs. Att skaderisken för akuta- och överbelastningsskador uppfattas öka vid spel på konstgräs i jämförelse med naturgräs. Kvalitativa forskningsmetoder skulle kunna bidra till djupare förståelse av själva ämnet, samt upplevelser av uppfattningar av skaderisk och skadetyper på respektive spelunderlag. För att fler slutsatser ska kunna dras bör framtida studier även inkludera fler deltagare. / Purpose The aim with this study is investigate football practicing high school students’ perceptions of risk of injury on artificial turf and natural grass. Methods A quantitative questionnaire survey including 46 participating football practicing high school students. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to calculate the mean and to distinguish statistically significant differences between the different groups, match and training on artificial turf and natural grass. The Chi-Square crosstab post-hoc test was used to distinguish statistically significant differences between the different types of injury on the respective game grounds Results The results in this study showed that the participating football practicing high school students’ perceived that the injury risk of acute- and overload injuries was higher on artificial turf than on natural grass, both during training and match. The difference between the different groups, acute and overload injuries during training and match on articial turf and natural grass was statistically significant as the level of significancewas less than p <0.05. The injury types that the participating football practicing high school students perceived to be the most common on artificial turf was abrasion/ laceration. The injury types that the participating football practicing high school students perceived to be the most common on natural grass were musclesprain/ strain. The difference between the different groups, musclesprain/ strain as well as abrasion/ laceration on artificial turf and natural grass was statistically significant as the level of significance was less than p <0.05. Conclusions This study confirms that the participating football practicing high school students’ perceptions concur with what previous studies have shown about elite football players' perceptions of injury risk on artificial turf in comparison with natural grass. The risk of acute and overload injuries is perceived to increase when playing on artificial turf in comparison to natural grass. Qualitative research methods could contribute to deeper understanding of the subject itself, as well as experiences of perceptions of injuries and types of injury on respective turfs. In order to draw further conclusions, should future studies include more participants.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-12T10:34:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 larissadasilvamarioni.pdf: 1596321 bytes, checksum: 14da9f2ee7d3c42e2dc4982065995603 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T12:07:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 larissadasilvamarioni.pdf: 1596321 bytes, checksum: 14da9f2ee7d3c42e2dc4982065995603 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:07:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 larissadasilvamarioni.pdf: 1596321 bytes, checksum: 14da9f2ee7d3c42e2dc4982065995603 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Uma importante questão que vem recebendo a atenção de estudos na literatura de economia da educação se refere a identificação dos insumos relevantes para o aprendizado escolar das crianças e a possibilidade de implementação de políticas públicas que sejam efetivas. Em particular, os resultados de desempenho educacional decorrentes da qualidade do professor não são consensuais. Uma questão que ainda precisa ser melhor investigada é se um professor de boa qualidade afeta positivamente o desempenho escolar do aluno no decorrer do tempo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo é identificar o impacto das contribuições dos professores para o aprendizado através da proficiência dos alunos de escolas públicas e privadas em municípios selecionados do Brasil. A partir dos microdados longitudinais do projeto GERES - Geração Escolar, que acompanhou o desempenho dos alunos da primeira etapa do Ensino Fundamental nos anos de 2005 a 2008 utilizou-se a Função de Produção Educacional (FPE) incluindo os efeitos fixos de alunos, professores e o match entre eles para detectar o efeito da qualidade observada do professor e buscar evitar o viés decorrente da omissão de variáveis sobre o resultado dos alunos. A relevância do formato longitudinal dos dados possibilita avaliar a evolução do aprendizado das crianças e utilizar hipóteses menos restritivas na estimação dos resultados. Esse tipo de especificação, até onde foi investigado, não foi utilizado na literatura empírica do efeito do professor na proficiência dos alunos. A partir dos resultados foi verificado que com o controle dos efeitos fixos, inclusive do match, questões como o professor possuir outro trabalho tem impacto negativo na proficiência de seus alunos. As variáveis como educação, experiência e renda são significativas para português e os resultados são coerentes. Já para matemática, essas mesmas variáveis não são significativas, indicando que as características não observadas, quando controladas são capazes de explicar as diferenças nas notas. Através dos coeficientes das dummies dos professores o aluno que muda do pior para o melhor professor em português pode sair do primeiro nível de aprendizagem e atingir o terceiro de acordo com a escala do GERES. O aluno que muda do pior para o melhor professor em matemática pode sair do primeiro nível de aprendizagem e ir para o quinto nível de acordo com a escala para esta proficiência. / An important issue that has received attention in studies of the economics of education literature refers to identifying relevant inputs to children’s educational performance and the possibility of implementing public policies that are effective. In particular, the results of educational performance coming from teacher quality are not consensual. One issue that still needs to be investigated is whether a good quality teacher positively affects the academic performance of students over time. In this sense, the aim of this study is to identify the impact of teachers’ contributions to learning through the proficiency of students in public and private schools in selected municipalities in Brazil. From the longitudinal micro project GERES – Geração Escolar, which accompanied the students' performance in the first stage of elementary school in the years 2005 to 2008, we used the educational production function (EPF) including fixed effects for students, teachers and the match between them to detect the effect of the observed teacher’s quality and seek to avoid the bias caused by the omission of variables on the students’ outcomes. The relevance of longitudinal data allows to evaluate the evolution of children's learning and use less restrictive assumptions on the estimation results. This type of specification, as far as we investigated, was not used in the empirical literature of the teacher’s effect in student proficiency. From the results it was found that controlling for fixed effects, including the match, issues such as the teacher has other work has a negative impact on the proficiency of their students. Variables such as education, experience and income are significant for reading and the results are consistent. For math, these same variables are not significant, indicating that the unobserved characteristics when controlled are able to explain the differences in the notes. Using the coefficients of the dummies of the teachers, students that changes from worst to best teacher in portuguese can achieve the third level of learning according to the scale of GERES. A student who changes from worst to best math teacher can leave the first level of learning and achieve the fifth level in accordance with the scale for this proficiency.

Tidigare forskning visar att det finns en koppling mellan musiksmak och social attraktion mellan människor, eftersom delad musiksmak ofta innebär delade personliga värderingar, och delade personliga värderingar kan innebära större chans för social attraktion. Målet med undersökningen har varit att ta reda på om musiksmak har någon korrelation med personliga värderingar, och vilka algoritmer som i så fall skulle kunna användas för att beräkna korrelationen. En modell ställs upp för en teoretisk perfekt matchningsalgoritm mot vilken de undersökta algoritmerna testas och jämförs praktiskt. Studien, som är uppdelad i tre delar, undersöker algoritmerna närmare med hjälp av testdata i formen av datorgenererade värden i den första och andra delen. Den första delen använder data i formen av heltal (antalet förekomster av musikpreferens) och den andra använder data i formen av binära tal (förekomst eller ej av musikpreferens). Den tredje delen använder sig av användardata, från 13 deltagare, från Spotify samt från en enkät om personliga värderingar. Resultaten visar ingen uppenbar korrelation mellan personliga värderingar och musiksmak, vilket troligtvis beror på datamängderna; det kan vara så att det krävs mer detaljerad och strukturerad användardata än den som inhämtats och använts i denna undersökning för att få tydliga resultat. / Earlier research shows that there is a connection between music taste and social attraction between people, because shared music taste usually means shared personal values, and shared personal values could mean greater chance for social attraction. The goal with the project has been to find out if music taste is correlated with personal values, and what algorithms can be used to calculate that correlation. A model is defined for a perfect matching-algorithm against which the studied algorithms are tested and compared practically. The study, which is divided into three parts, investigates the algorithms closer using test data in the form of computer-generated values in the first and second part. The first part uses data in the form of integers (the number of occurences of a music preference) and the second part uses data in the form of binary numbers (occurence or not of a music preference). The third part uses real user data, from 13 participants, from Spotify and from a survey regarding personal values. The results show no apparent correlation between personal values and music taste, the cause of which is most likely the data; it could be that it takes more detailed and structured user data than the one used in this study to get clear results.

This doctoral thesis describes unusual skin and soft-tissue tumors, which were the basis of the postgraduate study of Ladislav Hadravský, MD at Medical faculty in Pilsen of Charles University in Prague during 2013 - 2016. It contains documented cases of skin and soft-tissue tumors related to hereditary syndromes, unusual morphology, rare biological behavior, minor causal association with the respective disease, or different phenotypes. These cases were published in journals with the impact factor and in peer-reviewed journals. Regarding skin tumors, the study focused on sebaceous tumors of the skin, which may occur within Muir-Torre syndrome. In the retrospective study of sebaceous skin tumors, two unusual cases were found: the case of aggressive extraocular sebaceous carcinoma on the scalp in a patient with Muir-Torre syndrome and the case of multiple sebaceous skin tumors in a patient with MUTYH-associated polyposis of the colon mimicking Muir-Torre syndrome. As far as soft-tissue tumors are concerned, the study aimed at the morphological comparison of cases of myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma and pleomorhic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor.

Modern search engines, particularly those utilizing the BM25 ranking algorithm, offer a multitude of tunable parameters designed to refine search results. Among these parameters, the weight of each searchable field plays a crucial role in enhancing search outcomes. Traditional methods of discovering optimal weight combinations, however, are often exploratory, demanding substantial time and risking the delivery of substandard results during testing. This thesis proposes a streamlined solution: an ordinal-regression-based model specifically engineered to identify optimal weight combinations with minimal data input, within an offline testing environment. The evaluation corpus comprises a comprehensive snapshot of a product search database from Tradera. The top $100$ search queries and corresponding search results pages on the Tradera platform were divided into a training set and an evaluation set. The model underwent iterative training on the training set, and subsequent testing on the evaluation set, with progressively increasing amounts of labeled data. This methodological approach allowed examining the model's proficiency in deriving high-performance weight combinations from limited data. The empirical experiments conducted confirmed that the proposed model successfully generated promising weight combinations, even with restricted data, and exhibited robust generalization to the evaluation dataset. In conclusion, this research substantiates the significant potential for enhancing search results by tuning searchable field weights using a regression-based model, even in data-scarce scenarios. / Moderna sökmotorer, i synnerhet sådana som använder rankningsalgoritmen BM25, erbjuder en mängd justerbara parametrar utformade för att förbättra sökresultat. Bland dessa parametrar spelar vikten av varje sökbart fält en avgörande roll för att förbättra sökresultaten. Traditionella metoder för att hitta optimala viktkombinationer är dock ofta utforskande, kräver mycket tid och riskerar att ge undermåliga sökresultat under testningsperioden. Denna avhandling föreslår en strömlinjeformad lösning: en ordinal-regressionsbaserad modell specifikt utvecklad för att identifiera optimala viktkombinationer med minimal träningsdata, inom en offline testmiljö. Utvärderingskorpus består av en omfattande ögonblicksbild av en produktsökdatabas från Tradera. De $100$ vanligaste sökfrågorna och motsvarande sökresultatssidor på Traderas plattform delades in i en träningsuppsättning och en utvärderingsuppsättning. Modellen genomgick iterativ träning på träningsuppsättningen, och därefter testning på utvärderingsuppsättningen, med successivt ökande mängder av kategoriserad data. Denna metodologiska strategi möjliggjorde undersökning av modellens förmåga att härleda högpresterande viktkombinationer från begränsad data. De empiriska experimenten som genomfördes bekräftade att den föreslagna modellen framgångsrikt genererade lovande viktkombinationer, även med begränsad data, och uppvisade robust generalisering till utvärderingsdatamängden. Sammanfattningsvis bekräftar denna forskning den betydande potentialen för förbättring av sökresultat genom att justera sökbara fältvikter med hjälp av en regressionsbaserad modell, även i datasnåla scenarion.

The following thesis investigates contemporary issues within the applied physiology of soccer refereeing. 1) Training performance. The impact of a high intensity training regime was examined in a group of elite-level soccer referees. Following a 16-month training period the referees’ performance on the YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test (level 1) improved by 46.5%. 2) Match Demands. The effect of match standard and referee experience upon the objective and subjective match loads of referees was investigated. Match heart rates (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were both related to standard of competition, with the match loads being higher on the higher standard of competition. Referee experience had no effect upon the referees’ match responses. Using a semi-automatic, video match analysis system the referees’ match activities and factors affecting these activities were also examined. Physical performances were related in part to the physical performances of the players; whilst the distances covered during the first half were related to second half coverage. 3) Ageing and performance. The effect of ageing upon referees’ fitness levels and physical match performances was addressed. Regression analysis revealed a trend towards an agerelated reduction in physical fitness, as determined by the referees’ fitness tests. Match activity analysis demonstrated a clear age-related decline in physical match performance, although this decline did not impair the referees’ ability to keep up with play. 4) Fitness and match performance. The validity of the FIFA referees’ fitness tests was examined. Interval test HR load was significantly correlated to the referees’ match coverage, both total distance and high intensity running. Sprint test scores also demonstrated a significant relationship with the referees’ match sprinting distances. However, given the strength of the relationships only the sprint test showed appropriate construct validity for the physical assessment of soccer referees.

Chez les invertébrés benthiques marins à cycle de vie bentho-pélagique, le taux de fixation-métamorphose est l'un des facteurs déterminant du succès de recrutement et donc du renouvellement des populations. Relié à l'abondance et au comportement des stades péri-métamorphiques (larves compétentes et post-larves), le taux de fixation est régulé par l'interaction de multiples facteurs endo- et exogènes. Prérequis du fonctionnement vital des organismes hétérotrophes, la ressource trophique est un facteur exogène biotique d'importance puisqu'elle affecte leur condition physiologique. Son influence sur le recrutement n'est souvent envisagée que d'un point de vue quantitatif alors que les recherches menées en laboratoire attestent de l'importance de sa qualité lipidique. Dans ce contexte, la présente étude a pour objectif principal d'évaluer l'influence de la qualité de la ressource trophique sur le succès de recrutement et implique la moule bleue (Mytilus edulis, L 1758) comme modèle biologique. La recherche se concentre sur les sources de nourriture potentiellement disponibles pour les stades péri-métamorphiques soit, le plancton et le biofilm. Une emphase est portée aux acides gras polyinsaturés (PUFA) et essentiels (EFA), dont le caractère indispensable aux organismes aquatiques est largement admis. De plus, les études menées sur le recrutement décrivent un découplage bentho-pélagique entre larves et recrues, une importante variabilité spatio-temporelle de la fixation, ainsi qu'une synchronisation du pic de fixation. La disponibilité en larves et le comportement sont souvent les facteurs incriminés, mais l'origine de tels phénomènes demeure encore incertaine. La présente étude propose donc d'apporter des éléments de réponse supplémentaires en fournissant une analyse fine de la variabilité spatio-temporelle au cours de l'ontogénie larvaire. Ce projet est constitué de trois grands axes de recherche dans lesquels nous définissons la fixation comme le processus par lequel les individus s'associent au substrat, et le recrutement comme le nombre d'individus présents à un temps t de la vie benthique : i) Considérant la théorie de " match/mismatch " de Cushing, nous posons les hypothèses que la concentration en EFA dans la nourriture influence les succès de fixation et de recrutement. Nous avons suivi simultanément le développement larvaire et les conditions trophiques pendant deux saisons de reproduction successives (2007 et 2008); ii) Considérant le biofilm comme une ressource trophique potentielle, nous posons les hypothèses que le taux de fixation augmente avec l'âge du biofilm et son contenu en EFA. Nous avons conditionné et caractérisé finement des biofilms en milieu naturel afin de tester leur influence sur le succès de fixation des moules; iii) Considérant le rôle important du comportement et des conditions physiologiques des stades péri-métamorphiques, nous posons les hypothèses d'une importante variabilité spatiale à petite échelle, d'un découplage bentho-pélagique et d'un avantage physiologique lors du pic de fixation. Nous avons suivi le développement larvaire dans plusieurs sites, ainsi que la qualité lipidique des post-larves et de leur nourriture. Nos résultats mettent en évidence le contrôle prédominant des communautés phytoplanctoniques sur le succès de recrutement de la moule bleue via deux processus novateurs : i) le " match/mismatch " avec la qualité lipidique du plancton et ii) le déclencheur trophique de la fixation (" trophic settlement trigger ", TST). Le rôle nutritionnel des PUFA/EFA semble important pour le recrutement de l'année, mais leur teneur dans les compartiments benthiques et pélagiques ne semble pas pour autant affecter le comportement et la physiologie des jeunes moules au cours de la saison. Ces dernières semblent répondre fortement aux variations d'abondance du picoplancton autotrophe (picoeucaryotes, < 2 μm) au sein de ces deux compartiments. Enfin, nos résultats montrent un couplage bentho-pélagique entre larves et recrues, et suggèrent pour la première fois que le découplage dépende de deux traits comportementaux typiques des bivalves : le retard de métamorphose et la dérive bysso-pélagique. Cette recherche apporte de nouvelles pistes de réflexion quant à l'écologie des invertébrés benthiques et souligne l'importance de considérer la composante planctonique et le comportement au cours de l'ontogénie larvaire et post-larvaire lors des travaux menés sur la dynamique des populations en milieu naturel. Une emphase particulière devrait être portée sur la qualité lipidique et la composition taxonomique de la ressource trophique, et la séparation des différents stades de développement semble nécessaire pour comprendre la dynamique des populations. La notion de TST constitue le point majeur de l'étude puisqu'il s'agirait d'un signal indépendant de l'habitat prospecté qui synchroniserait un comportement de fixation, peu importe la qualité du substrat et/ou l'histoire de vie des individus.

Objektas: baidarių ir kanojų irklavimo taktikos analizė. Tikslas: nustatyti 2012 metų Londono olimpinių žaidynių varžybose taikytus taktinius variantus ir nuotolio įveikimo ypatumus pagal valčių klases. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti pasaulio pajėgiausių baidarių ir kanojų irkluotojų 500 metrų varžybinių nuotolių įveikimo taktinius variantus. 2. Nustatyti pasaulio pajėgiausių baidarių ir kanojų irkluotojų 1000 metrų varžybinių nuotolių įveikimo taktinius variantus 3. Nustatyti pajėgiausių pasaulio irkluotojų 500 metrų ir 1000 metrų nuotolių įveikimo pobūdžio priklausomybę nuo sportinio rezultato ir valčių klasės. Darbo metodai: mokslinės literatūros šaltinių analizė, Londono olimpinių žaidynių A finalo 500 ir 1000 metrų varžybų nuotolio sportininkų įveikimo laiko analizė, matematinė statistikos duomenų analizė. Darbo rezultatai ir išvados: Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad 500 metrų distancijoje dažniausiai naudojamas taktinis variantas buvo 1-2, su šia taktika buvo iškovota visi trys medalių komplektai. 1000 metrų distancijoje patys populiariausi taktiniai variantai buvo 8: 1-2-3-4, 1-2-4-3, 1-3-2-4, 1-3-4-2, 1-4-2-3, 1-4-3-2, 2-1-4-3, 4-1-2-3, o patys efektyviausi 1-2-3-4, 1-4-2-3 ir 1-4-3-2. Pirmąją nuotolio dalį 500 metrų distancijoje greičiausiai įveikė 100 % įgulų, o 1000 metrų distancijoje pirmuosius 250 metrus įveikė 90 % įgulų. 1-3 vietos kanojininkų įgulų nugalėtojai ir 7-8 vietas užėmusių baidarininkų įgulos, 1000 metrų distancijoje, išlaikė mažiausia nuokrypį (%) nuo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Subject: Kayak and canoe paddling tactics analysis. Objective: To determine the London 2012 Olympic Games competitions applied tactical options and special features to overcome distance by boat classes. Tasks: 1. Set of the strongest in the world kayak and canoe paddlers normal racing distance of 500 meters to overcome tactical options 2. Set of the strongest in the world kayak and canoe paddlers normal racing distance of 1,000 meters to overcome tactical options 3. Set of the strongest paddlers in the world 500-meter and 1000 meter distance to overcome addictive nature of the sport results and boat class. Methods of the work: analysis of scientific literature, the London Olympic Games in a finale 500 and 1000 meter race distance athletes overcoming time analysis, the mathematical analysis of the statistics. The results and conclusions: The study found that 500 meters distance is commonly used tactical option was 1-2, this tactic has been achieved for all three sets of medals. 1000 meters distance the most popular tactical options were 8: 1-2-3-4, 1-2-4-3, 1-3-2-4, 1-3-4-2, 1-4-2-3, 1-4-3-2, 2-1-4-3, 4-1-2-3, 1-2-3-4 and the most effective 1-4-2-3 and 1-4-3-2. The first range of 500 meters distance is likely to overcome the 100 % crew and 1000 meters distance of 250 meters and broke the first 90 % of the crew. 1-3 canoe paddler local crews winners and winning 7-8 kayak paddler crews, 1000 meters distance, passed the minimum deviation (%) of the average speed of the boat and... [to full text]

Title: The Benefits of football match for spectators Objectives: The main aim of this diploma thesis is to describe and analyze the football match as a product that is offered to direct spectators at AC Sparta Prague stadium in the season 2010/2011 and then using marketing research determine their satisfaction with the benefits that football match brings them. Methods: In this thesis there was used three methods: the observation method, interview and the method of written questioning. Observation method was used to collect information during home matches of football club AC Sparta Prague, interview was used at the meeting with experts from the club and the method of written questioning was used to implement the questionnaire survey. Results: The results of the marketing research showed that spectators are satisfied with the benefits that club offers them and they don't see any major drawbacks. Nevertheless, the thesis attempts to outline some recommendations which should lead to improved spectators' comfort at the stadium and higher match attendance. Keywords: benefits of football match, AC Sparta Prague, sport product, marketing research

Title of the thesis Evaluation of the impact of service on the match result in qualification for Men's European Volleyball Championship 2017 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the influence of service on the match result in qualification for the 2017 Men's Volleyball European Championship, using indirect video monitoring, and trace the success rate and frequency of individual types of services. Our intention is to show the importance of this individual game activity in a match with our own method and through the interpretation of the acquired data help with the creation of training units in the training process. Key words: - volleyball - game performance - individual game activity - serve - success rate - match