Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-07-06T14:34:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2524791 bytes, checksum: 15d07d9937e0452b345edd0616d97937 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-06T14:34:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2524791 bytes, checksum: 15d07d9937e0452b345edd0616d97937 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Psychic illness, highlighting Common Mental Disorders (CMD), one of bigest issues menking is facing actually, from non-psychotic nature. Those disorders involves a sinals set and related symptoms, mainly, to somatic problems and depressive and anxiety symptons generally related to life conditions and occupational structure. So, our goal is to analyse the vulnerabilities aspects on common mental disorders in Paraíba’s men, comparing urban and rural contexts. There were realized two empiric studies. The first is a quantitative epidemiological research wich its objective was estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders in capital and rural cities’ on men from Paraíba, associated to social economic factors, life style, search for treatment and mental health. In a sample of 432 men (160 linving in capital and 272 living in rural cities), from 21 to 59 years-old age group, were applyed a set of instruments: SRQ-20; Life Style, Acess and Health Atendance, Mental Health and Social-Demographic Questionnaries, which results were evaluated by descriptive statistics, Prevalence ratio, association (chi-square and test t) and multivariate. The CMD prevalence found among men from urban context was 46,3% and 18,4% from rural. It was observed the association between CMD presence and the age group (X2=9,183; p=0,01), with higher prevalence on yougest age group (44%), decreasing during life course (40% on group between 30 and 49 years-old and 15% on group above 50 years-old). The schoolarity association (X2=11,182; p=0,01) points to prevalence increase with schoolarity (basic: 29%; high school: 38%; university: 30%); so, we can deduce, given sample’s low Family income, that suffering can come from Family income increasing abstance after increasing the schoolarity level. At last, there was the association of CMD presence with marital status (X2=11,755; p=0,008), with bigger difference between singles (43%). The second study, qualitative, had as objective to analyse – from the participants description, which vulnerabilities elements (individuals, socials and programmatic) to CMD are presents on men’s lives from cities rurals and urbans. There were 07 men from rural context and 16 from urban context participating, with ages from 21 to 59 years-old, it was utilized individual enterviews analyzed through themactic categorial technique. Thematic categorization allowed obtaining three thematic classes: the first named “Male Suffering Contexts” refered to suffering individual aspects and involved seven analysing categories, a) Symptomatology; b) Main motives to getting ill; c) Illness consequences; d) Selfcare practices; e) Health care; f) Metal Health Care; g) Social support net. In second thematic class, named “Male Psychic Suffering Experiences”, had made refference to suffering social and intersubjetives aspects involved four analysis categories: a) Marital Relations; b) Gender Relations; c) Labor factors which step in metal health; d) Rural and urban everyday. The third thematic class was named “Professionals more sensitive and humanized to male suffering”. The results allowed to conclude, in urban context, that the relation between individual, social and programatic aspects associated to urban violence, finantial issues, unemployment, marital issues, lack of perspective and professional grown, health issues (family and personal), work oveload, social isolation, contrinute to CMD vulnerability situations between men linving on urban context. / O adoecimento psíquico, com destaque para os Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC), é um dos grandes problemas enfrentados na atualidade, de natureza não psicótica, tais transtornos envolvem um conjunto de sinais e sintomas relacionados, principalmente, às queixas somáticas e sintomas depressivos e ansiosos, geralmente associadas às condições de vida e à estrutura ocupacional. Neste sentido, objetiva-se analisar os aspectos de vulnerabilidades aos transtornos mentais comuns em homens paraibanos comparando os contextos urbano e rural. Foram realizados dois Estudos Empíricos. O primeiro trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, epidemiológica, com objetivo de estimar a prevalência dos transtornos mentais comuns em homens da capital e de cidades rurais paraibanas, associados com fatores socioeconômicos, de estilos de vida, busca por atendimento e saúde mental. Para uma amostra de 432 homens (160 residentes na capital e 272 em cidades rurais), na faixa etária de 21 a 59 anos, foi aplicado um conjunto de instrumentos: SRQ-20; Questionários de Estilo de Vida; de Acesso e Atendimento em Saúde; de Saúde Mental; Sócio-demográfico, cujos resultados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, razão de prevalência, de associação (qui-quadrado e test t) e multivariada. A prevalência de TMC encontrada entre os homens do contexto urbano foi de 46,3% e 18,4% no rural. Observou-se associação entre a presença de TMC com a faixa etária (X2=9,183; p=0,01), com maior prevalência na faixa etária mais jovem (44%), diminuindo no decorrer da vida (40% na faixa entre 30 e 49 anos e 15% na faixa acima de 50 anos). A associação com a escolaridade (X2=11,182; p=0,01) aponta o aumento da prevalência juntamente com o aumento da escolaridade (fundamental: 29%; médio: 38%; superior: 30%), podendo-se inferir, dado a baixa renda familiar da amostra, que o sofrimento pode decorrer pela ausência de melhoria na renda após o aumento da escolaridade. Por fim, houve associação da presença de TMC com o estado civil (X2=11,755; p=0,008), com maior diferença entre os solteiros (43%). O segundo estudo, qualitativo, objetivou analisar – a partir do relato dos participantes, quais elementos (individuais, sociais e programáticos) de vulnerabilidades aos TMC estão presentes nas vivências dos homens de cidades rurais e urbana. Participaram 07 homens do contexto rural e 15 do contexto urbano, com idades entre 21 e 59 anos, utilizando-se de entrevistas individuais, analisadas por meio da técnica de análise categorial temática. A categorização temática permitiu a obtenção de três classes temáticas: a primeira intitulada “Contextos de sofrimento masculino” fez referência aos aspectos individuais do sofrimento e envolveu sete categorias de análise, a saber, a) Sintomatologia; b) Principais motivos para o adoecimento; c) Consequências do adoecimento; d) Práticas de autocuidado; e) Cuidado em saúde; f) Cuidado em saúde mental; g) Rede de apoio social. Já a segunda classe temática, intitulada “Vivências de sofrimento psíquico masculino, fez referência aos aspectos sociais e intersubjetivos do sofrimento e envolveu quatro categorias de análise, a) Relações Conjugais; b) Relações de gênero; c) Fatores no trabalho que interferem na saúde psíquica; d) Cotidiano urbano e rural. A terceira classe “Profissionais mais humanizados e sensibilizados ao sofrimento masculino”. Os resultados permitiram concluir que, no contexto urbano, há uma maior prevalência de transtorno mental comum, a relação entre os aspectos individuais, sociais e programáticos, associados à violência urbana, problemas financeiros, desemprego, problemas conjugais, falta de perspectiva e crescimento profissional, problemas de saúde (familiares, pessoal), sobrecarga de trabalho, isolamento social, contribuem para situações de vulnerabilidades aos TMC entre os homens residentes no contexto urbano.

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Psychische Störungen in Schwangerschaft und Postpartalzeit sind mit 10-15% häufig und erhalten aufgrund ihrer weitreichenden negativen Konsequenzen für den Schwangerschaftsverlauf, die Geburt, die Mutter-Kind-Bindung und die kindliche Entwicklung eine besondere Bedeutung bei der Behandlung (Alder et al., 2007, Reck, 2012). Obwohl das Wissen um die negativen Auswirkungen mittlerweile gut belegt ist und sich daraus die Notwendigkeit einer spezialisierten und vor allem kurzfristigen Behandlung ergibt, bestehen dennoch verschiedene Grenzen und Problemfelder in der Versorgungslandschaft. Hierzu zählen ein objektiver Mangel an Behandlungsangeboten mit schnellem Zugang, vor allem in ländlichen Gebieten (Köllner, 2012), Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich psychotherapeutischer und/oder psychopharmakologischer Optionen bzw. des Settings (Mitnahme des Neugeborenen in die Therapie; Mutter-Kind-Therapie; Weidner et al., 2012) und eine geringe Inanspruchnahme professioneller Hilfe bei Frauen in Schwangerschaft und Postpartalzeit, was am ehesten mit Stigmatisierungsangst oder Angst vor Nebenwirkungen bzw. Wissen um Versorgungsengpässe sowie Organisationsprobleme begründet werden kann (Freed et al., 2012). Um dem Versorgungsdefizit zu begegnen, wurde in Dresden eine sektorenübergreifende multiprofessionelle Behandlung für betroffene Frauen etabliert. Ein bedeutsamer Teil dieses Behandlungsangebotes leistet die Spezialsprechstunde "Psychisch gesund für Zwei" an der Klinik für Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Universitätsklinikums Dresden. In der vorliegenden Dissertationsschrift wurde dieses spezialisierte Sprechstundenangebot evaluiert mit den Zielen, den Status quo darzulegen und Schwachstellen oder Versorgungslücken zu identifizieren, den objektiven Versorgungsbedarf und die Behandlungsinanspruchnahme gegenüberzustellen, Einflussfaktoren speziell für die Inanspruchnahme von Psychotherapie zu analysieren und die Psychopathologie im Verlauf in Abhängigkeit der Therapieinanspruchnahme zu beschreiben. Fragestellungen: Die Fragestellungen lauteten: (1) Wie sind die Frauen charakterisiert, die in die Sprechstunde kommen? (2) Wie wird die Spezialsprechstunde bewertet, wie ist der Zuweisungsmodus, die Wartezeit auf einen Ersttermin, wie viele Termine werden in Anspruch genommen und wie zufrieden sind die Patientinnen mit den Behandlungsempfehlungen sowie der Unterstützung bei der Weitervermittlung? (3) Wie häufig werden welche Behandlungs- und Unterstützungsangebote empfohlen und wie häufig werden diese im Zeitraum von t0 bis sechs Monate nach dem Erstgespräch umgesetzt? (4) Was sind Einflussfaktoren auf die Psychotherapieinanspruchnahme und (5) wie ist der Verlauf des psychischen Befindens in Abhängigkeit der Psychotherapieinanspruchnahme? Methoden: Es handelte sich um eine Versorgungsstichprobe mit zwei Messzeitpunkten. N=147 Frauen (49 schwanger, 98 postpartal; Alter: 29,9 Jahre, SD=5,3, 18-45 Jahre) wurden bei Erstvorstellung in der Spezialsprechstunde (t0) und sechs Monate später (t1) untersucht. Zu t0 wurden Informationen zu soziodemografischen, schwangerschafts- und geburtsspezifischen Merkmalen, zur Psychopathologie mittels SKID-I, BSI, EPDS und GAF-Skala, zu Persönlichkeitsstilen mittels PSSI, zur sozialen Unterstützung mittels F-SozU und zu Aspekten der Sprechstunde (Zuweisungsmodus, Zufriedenheit mit dem Sprechstundenangebot, Beziehungserleben im Erstkontakt) mittels selbstentwickeltem Fragebogen erfasst. Zu t1 wurden die Zufriedenheit mit den Behandlungsempfehlungen und der Weitervermittlung sowie die aktive Unterstützung durch den Therapeuten mittels selbstentwickeltem Fragebogen erhoben. Probandinnen, denen zu t0 eine Psychotherapie empfohlen worden war, wurden zu t1 zur Psychotherapie-Inanspruchnahme befragt. Zu t1 umfasste die Stichprobe 102 Frauen, was einer Teilnehmerquote von 69.4% entspricht. Ergebnisse: Frauen, die die Sprechstunde aufsuchten, verfügten über ein gutes Bildungsniveau, lebten überwiegend in einer festen Partnerschaft bzw. waren verheiratet und zwei Drittel der Probandinnen waren Erstgebärende. Frauen, die sich während der Schwangerschaft vorstellten, gaben häufiger eine ungeplante und ungewollte Schwangerschaft im Vergleich zu Frauen, die sich postpartal vorstellten an. Am häufigsten wurden die Kriterien für Angst- und depressive Störungen, gefolgt von Anpassungsstörungen erfüllt. Fast 75% berichteten psychische Störungen in der Vorgeschichte und zwei Drittel der Frauen gaben Schwangerschafts- und Geburtskomplikationen an. Die Bewertung der Sprechstunde durch die Patientinnen fiel sehr zufriedenstellend aus, bei kurzen Wartezeiten von durchschnittlich zwei Wochen und durchschnittlich 2-3 Therapeutenkontakten. Hauptzuweiser waren Frauenärzte, Hebammen und Psychotherapeuten. Hinsichtlich der erhaltenen Empfehlungen und Unterstützung bei der Suche nach einer geeigneten Weiterbehandlung bestand ebenfalls eine hohe Zufriedenheit. Von 102 Frauen erhielten 88 Frauen (86.3%) eine Psychotherapie-Empfehlung. 78.4% setzten die Empfehlung um. (Tendenziell) signifikante Einflussfaktoren auf die Therapieinanspruchnahme waren: psychische Komorbidität, psychische Störungen in der Vorgeschichte, geringes globales Funktionsniveau, ausgeprägte Zwanghaftigkeit und Ängstlichkeit, zurückhaltend-selbstunsicher-fürsorglicher Persönlichkeitsstil, positives Beziehungserleben im Erstgespräch und eine direkte Therapieanbahnung durch den Sprechstundentherapeuten. Die Psychopathologie verbesserte sich im Verlauf von sechs Monaten sowohl bei Frauen, mit und ohne Psychotherapie-Inanspruchnahme. Auch wenn kein statistisch signifikanter Interaktionseffekt für die Inanspruchnahme von Psychotherapie nachgewiesen werden konnte, wiesen die deskriptiven Daten dennoch auf eine allgemein stärker ausgeprägte psychische Belastung und höhere Krankheitsschwere zu t0 bei den Frauen mit Psychotherapieinanspruchnahme hin. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Spezialsprechstunde wird von Frauen mit peripartalen psychischen Belastungen gut angenommen und gibt innerhalb von wenigen Stunden die Möglichkeit für eine auf das jeweilige Anliegen angepassten Diagnostik, Problemanalyse, Krisenintervention, Kurzzeittherapie, Psychopharmakotherapie bzw. Vermittlung in weiterführende ambulante oder stationäre Psychotherapieangebote. Erstgebärende, Frauen mit Schwangerschafts- und Geburtskomplikationen und Frauen mit psychischen Störungen in der Vorgeschichte sollten über peripartale psychische Beschwerden, deren Behandelbarkeit und über verfügbare Versorgungsstrukturen im Rahmen der Geburtsvorbereitung und Nachsorge aufgeklärt werden. Ein Großteil der Patientinnen konnte in eine für sie geeignete Therapieform vermittelt werden, was für eine gute Netzwerkarbeit spricht. Dabei ließ sich die Psychotherapie-Inanspruchnahme durch konkrete Hilfestellung bei der Therapievermittlung durch den Sprechstundentherapeuten und einem positiven Beziehungserleben im Erstgespräch positiv beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse zur Psychotherapieinanspruchnahme weisen auf eine Selbstselektion der Patientinnen hin: Frauen mit einer stärker ausgeprägten Psychopathologie konnten für die Inanspruchnahme von Psychotherapie motiviert werden; weniger stark psychisch belastete Frauen erfuhren durch die Kurzintervention innerhalb der Sprechstunde Stabilisierung und Entlastung. Patientinnen mit einem eher selbstsicheren Persönlichkeitsstil, einem guten globalen Funktionsniveau, einer geringen psychischen Komorbidität und ohne psychische Vorbelastung sollten frühzeitig herausgefiltert und für eine Kurzzeitpsychotherapie motiviert werden. Die Sprechstunde übernimmt als "Weichensteller" eine wichtige Funktion im Versorgungsnetz und leistet einen Beitrag zur Prävention von Mutter-Kind-Beziehungsstörungen und potentiell nachfolgenden Verhaltens- und emotionalen Problemen des heranwachsenden Kleinkindes. Die Verfügbarkeit dieses professionellen Hilfsangebotes hilft den potentiellen Zuweisern im Umgang mit ihren eigenen Unsicherheiten bzgl. der Behandlung und fördert somit in gewisser Weise erst das „Hinsehen“ und damit die adäquate Versorgung von Mutter und Kind. / Background: Mental disorders during pregnancy and postpartum period have a high prevalence of 10 to 15%. Their treatment is of particular importance with respect to their far-reaching negative consequences for pregnancy, birth, mother-child-relationship, and child development (Alder et al., 2007, Reck, 2015). Although the knowledge about these negative consequences is well documented which results in the necessity of a specialized urgent care, different limits and problem areas can be identified within the care landscape. Firstly, there exists an objective lack of therapeutic services with fast access, particularly in rural areas (Köllner, 2012). Secondly, uncertainties on the side of the therapist concerning the psychotherapeutic and/or psychopharmacological treatments and the treatment setting (bringing the newborn to therapy, mother-child-treatment, Weidner et al., 2012) can be identified. Finally, women in pregnancy and postpartum period hardly seek professional help, which can be explained through fears of stigmatization or of possible side effects, knowledge about supply deficits in psychological health care, and problems with treatment organization (Freed et al., 2012). To overcome these deficits, a cross-sector multidisciplinary treatment for women with perinatal mental disorders was established in Dresden. A significant part of this treatment service is the special consultation hour called "Psychisch gesund für Zwei", offered by the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics at University Hospital Dresden. In the present work the special consultation was evaluated in order to show the status quo, identify supply gaps, compare objective treatment needs and treatment utilization, analyze influencing factors for psychotherapy use, as well as to analyze the psychopathology over time in relation to psychotherapy use. Objectives: The research questions included: (1) How are the women visiting the special consultation hour characterized? (2) The general evaluation of the consultation service: How is the assignment mode? How long do patients have to wait for their first contact? How many consultations are attended and how satisfied are the patients with the recommended treatments and the offered support concerning re-assignments? (3) What kind of treatment was how often recommended and utilized by the women within a period of six months? (4) Which factors influence the utilization of psychotherapy? (5) How does the mental condition change in the course of psychotherapy utilization? Methods: This research is based on a supply sample with two measurement time points: N=147 women (49 pregnant, 98 postpartal; mean age 29.9 ± 5.3 years SD; aged from 18 to 45 years) were interviewed at their first contact (t0) and 6 months later (t1). At t0, socio-demographic data, information concerning pregnancy and birth, psychopathology by SKID-I, BSI, EPDS and GAF-scale, style of personality by PSSI, social support by F-SozU, and evaluations of the special consultation hours (assignment mode, satisfaction with the special consultation, therapeutic relationship) were assessed with the help of a self-designed questionnaires. At t1, the degrees of satisfaction with treatment recommendations, transfer to an appropriate form of treatment and active support in seeking recommended treatment were also assessed by self-designed questionnaires. Women, to whom the utilization of psychotherapy had been recommended at t0, were interviewed regarding their psychotherapy utilization at t1. At t1, the sample size was 102 women which corresponds to a participation rate of 69,4%. Results: Women who attended the special consultation hours had a high level of education and were living together with a partner or were married. Two thirds of them were primiparae. Woman who joined the consultation service already during pregnancy were more likely to have an unplanned and unwanted pregnancy than women who were participating postpartum. Most frequently, anxiety and depressive disorders were diagnosed, followed by adjustment disorders. Almost 75% of women reported mental disorders in their personal medical history and 60% indicated pregnancy or birth complications. There was a high level of satisfaction with the consultation at short waiting periods and an average of 2-3 therapeutic contacts. Main assigning healthcare professionals were gynecologists, midwifes and psychotherapists. Altogether, patients were content with treatment recommendations and the support for acquiring further treatment possibilities. Out of 102 women, 88 women (86,3%) were recommended a psychotherapy. If recommended, psychotherapy was utilized in 78,4% of cases. Significant factors influencing the utilization of treatment were the comorbidity of mental disorders, mental disorders in personal medical history, low levels of global functioning, distinct compulsiveness and anxiety, restrained-avoidant-considerate personality traits, a positive therapeutic relationship at initial consultation and active support in seeking recommended psychotherapy. Psychopathology improved in the course of 6 months for both, women who utilized psychotherapy, as well as for those without psychotherapy. Although no statistically significant interaction effect for the utilization of psychotherapy could be proven, the descriptive data indicated a stronger severity of disease at t0 for women who utilized psychotherapy. Conclusions: The opportunity to attend the special consultation was received very well by women suffering from peripartal mental disorders. The consultations offered short-range adequate diagnosis, problem analysis, crisis intervention, short-term treatment, psychopharmacological therapy or the transferal to ambulatory and hospital psychotherapy. Primiparae, women with pregnancy or birth complications, and women with mental disorders in their medical history should be informed about peripartal mental symptoms, their treatability and available mental health services in the context of birth preparation and postnatal care. The majority of patients could be transferred successfully to an appropriate form of treatment, which indicates efficient networking activities among health professionals. The active support by healthcare professionals in seeking psychotherapy had a positive impact on the factual utilization of recommended psychotherapeutic treatments. With regard to the utilization of psychotherapy, the results suggest a self-selection of the patients: Women with increased severity of mental disorders could successfully be motivated to seek psychotherapy; less severe mentally strained women profited from short-term intervention within the consultation through stabilization and relief of strain. Patients with a confident personality, sufficient global level of functioning, slight mental comorbidity and without prior mental charge should be selected early and then motivated to seek short-term psychotherapy. The special consultation hours play an important role in the treatment of peripartal mental disorders and make an important contribution to prevent mother-child attachment disorders and potential behavioral and emotional problems of the growing child. The availability of this professional offer helps potentially re-assigning healthcare professionals to deal with their own uncertainties regarding adequate treatment and encourages them to pay closer attention to this topic, which eventually results in an adequate treatment for mother and child.

Gênero, raça e transtornos mentais são variáveis importantes a serem consideradas em estudos que avaliam a autopercepção do peso corporal. Se, por um lado, a sociedade contemporânea se depara com um crescimento epidêmico do sobrepeso e da obesidade, por outro os paradigmas corporais construídos socialmente para homens e mulheres têm-se tornado com o passar dos anos mais rigorosos e inatingíveis, sendo relacionados não somente à saúde, mas também ao sucesso pessoal, profissional e afetivo. Desse modo, perceber-se fora desse padrão pode levar ao desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC). Alguns grupos, entretanto, parecem ser menos vulneráveis a tais padrões como no caso de indivíduos da raça negra. No entanto, poucos estudos nacionais têm investigado essas questões. A presente tese avaliou a incidência de TMC segundo a autopercepção do peso corporal entre funcionários de uma universidade no Rio de Janeiro, assim como a concordância entre a autopercepção do peso corporal e o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) segundo raça nessa mesma população. O primeiro estudo avaliou dados da primeira onda de seguimento da coorte do estudo Pró-Saúde analisando através de modelos lineares generalizados os riscos relativos da associação entre o desenvolvimento de TMC e a autopercepção do peso corporal. O segundo avaliou a estrutura de concordância entre a autopercepção do peso corporal e o IMC segundo raça. Os resultados do primeiro artigo evidenciaram associação entre incidência de TMC e perceber-se acima do peso corporal (RR=1,42) no modelo ajustado por sexo. Na análise que avaliou a concordância entre o IMC e a autopercepção do peso corporal não foram observadas diferenças em relação à raça e a concordância variou de moderada a elevada em entre mulheres e homens, respectivamente.Em ambos os sexos, o padrão de concordância fora da diagonal principal indicou que categorias altas e baixas de IMC corresponderam às categorias extremas de percepção corporal. Entre as mulheres, entretanto, a concordância dentro da diagonal principal sugeriu um padrão de concordância possivelmente maior para as categorias extremas de autopercepção de peso e IMC. Não foram evidenciadas diferenças segundo raça, possivelmente, pelo fato das pressões sociais em relação à aquisição de peso ideal serem desenvolvidas, no Brasil, dentro de um contexto multiracial. / Gender, race and mental health are important variables to be considered in studies that evaluate the self-perception of body weight. If on the other hand, the actual society comes across with an epidemic growth of the overweight and of the obesity, for another one the body paradigms socially constructed for men and women have become unattachable and most rigorous and, being related not only to the health but also to the personal, professional and affective success. In this way, the selfperception out of the ideal weight can lead to the development of common mental disorders (CMD). Some groups, however, seem to be less vulnerable to such standards as in the case of individuals of the black race. However, few national studies have investigated these questions. The present thesis evaluated the incidence of CMD according to self-perception of body weight between employees of a university in Rio de Janeiro, as well as the agreement between the self-perception of body weight and the Body Mass Index (BMI) according to race in this same population. The first study it evaluated the first wave of cohort of the Pró-Saúde study analyzing through generalized linear models the relative risks of the association between incidence of CMD and self-perception of body weight. The second one evaluated the agreement between self-perception of body weight and BMI according to race. The first article, on the model adjusted for sex it was observed an association between incidence of CMD and having a perception above ideal weight (RR=1,42). In the analysis that evaluated the agreement between BMI and self-perception of body weight, differences related to race were not detected, so the agreement ranged from moderated to high among women and men, respectively. For both sexes, the structure of agreement out of the principal diagonal indicates that high scores of BMI corresponding to above ideal perception. For women, however, the exact agreement was higher to extremes categories of body weight perception and BMI. In Brazil, because social pressures related to obtaining the ideal weight are strongly development within a multiracial context, differences related to race were not detected.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Introdução: A preocupação em torno do uso irracional de psicofármacos tem sido observada em diversos países, constituindo-se uma questão importante para a saúde pública mundial. No Brasil, a promoção do uso racional de psicofármacos é um desafio para a atenção primária, sendo importante caracterizar sua dimensão psicossocial. Objetivos. O artigo 1, com características descritivas, tem como objetivo caracterizar o uso de psicofármacos em unidades de saúde da família segundo a presença de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) e segundo as principais características socioeconômicas e demográficas. O artigo 2, com um caráter analítico, tem como objetivo avaliar o papel da rede social no uso de cada um destes psicofármacos segundo a presença de TMC. Métodos O estudo utiliza um delineamento seccional e abarca a primeira fase de coleta de dados de dois estudos em saúde mental na atenção primária. Esta se deu em 2006/2007 para o estudo 1 (Petrópolis, n= 2.104) e em 2009/2010 para o estudo2 (São Paulo, n =410, Rio de Janeiro, n= 703, Fortaleza , n=149 e Porto Alegre, n= 163 participantes). Ambos os estudos possuem o mesmo formato no que se refere à coleta de dados, seu processamento e revisão, resultando em uma amostra de 3.293 mulheres atendidas em unidades de saúde da família de cinco diferentes cidades do país. Um questionário objetivo com perguntas fechadas foi utilizado para a coleta de informações socioeconômicas e demográficas. O uso de psicofármacos foi avaliado através de uma pergunta aberta baseada no auto-relato do uso de medicamentos. A presença de TMC foi investigada através do General Health Questionnaire, em sua versão reduzida (GHQ-12). O nível de integração social foi aferido através do índice de rede social (IRS), calculado a partir de perguntas sobre rede social acrescentado ao questionário geral. No estudo descritivo (artigo 1), a frequência do uso de antidepressivos e o uso de benzodiazepínicos na população de estudo foram calculadas para cada cidade, tal como a frequência do uso destes psicofármacos entre as pacientes com transtornos mentais comuns. A distribuição do uso de cada um destes psicofármacos segundo as principais características socioeconômicas, demográficas e segundo transtornos mentais comuns foi avaliada através do teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson. No estudo analítico (artigo 2), a associação entre o nível de integração social e o uso exclusivo de cada um dos psicofármacos foi analisada através da regressão logística multivariada, com estratificação segundo a presença de TMC. Resultados: A frequência do uso de psicofármacos foi bastante heterogênea entre as cidades, destacando-se, porém, a importância do uso de benzodiazepínicos frente ao uso de antidepressivos em sua maioria. A proporção do uso de psicofármacos, sobretudo antidepressivos, foi predominantemente baixa entre as pacientes com TMC. Entre elas, o uso de antidepressivos mostrou-se positivamente associado ao isolamento social, enquanto o uso de benzodiazepínicos associou-se negativamente a este. Conclusão: Os resultados colaboram para a caracterização do uso de psicofármacos em unidades de saúde da família e para a discussão acerca de sua racionalidade. Destaca-se a importância de avaliar a dimensão psicossocial que envolve o uso destas substâncias com vistas ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de cuidado mais efetivas / Introduction: Concerns about irrational use of psychotropic drugs has been observed in many countries, becoming an important issue for global public health. In Brazil, the promotion of rational use of psychotropic drugs is a challenge for primary care, therefore it is important to characterize its psychosocial dimension. Objectives This dissertation consists of two articles. Article 1, with descriptive characteristics, aims to characterize the use of psychotropic drugs in family health units, according to major socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and according to the presence of common mental disorders (CMD). Article 2, with an analytical character, aims to evaluate the role of social networks in the use of each of these psychotropic drugs, according to the presence of CMD. Methods The study has a cross-sectional design and integrates baseline data from two previous studies on mental health in primary care . Data collection took place in 2006/2007 for the study 1 (Petropolis, n = 2.104) and in 2009/2010 for the study2 (São Paulo, n = 410, Rio de Janeiro, n = 703, Fortaleza - n = 149 and Porto Alegre, n = 163 participants). Although performed in different periods, both studies have the same format as regards data collection, processing and review, resulting in a sample of 3293 women attending family health units from five different cities. An objective questionnaire with closed questions was used to collect socioeconomic and demographic information. Psychotropic use was assessed through an open-ended question based on self-reporting of drug use. The presence of CMD was investigated by the General Health Questionnaire in its reduced version (GHQ-12). The level of social integration was evaluated through the social network index (IRS), calculated from questions about social network added to the general questionnaire. In the descriptive study (Article 1), the frequency of antidepressants and benzodiazepines use in the study population were calculated for each city, such as the frequency of the use of psychotropic drugs among patients with common mental disorders. The distribution of the use of each of these psychoactive drugs according to major socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and according to the presence of common mental disorders was assessed by Pearsons chi-square test. In the analytical study (Article 2), the association between the level of social integration and the exclusive use of each of psychotropic drugs was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression, stratified according to the presence of TMC. Results: The frequency of psychotropic medication use was quite heterogeneous among cities, emphasizing, however, the importance of the use of benzodiazepines against the use of antidepressants in most of the cities. The proportion of use of psychotropic medication, particularly antidepressants, was predominantly low among patients with CMD. Among these, antidepressants use was positively associated with social isolation, while benzodiazepines use was negatively associated. Conclusion: This study collaborates to characterize the use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines in family health units and to discuss about their rationality. The results highlight the importance of assessing the psychosocial dimension that involves the use of these substances in order to develop strategies to promote its rational use in primary care.

Contexto: Pouco se sabe a respeito da prevalência e correlatos de autolesão deliberada em jovens de países em desenvolvimento. Além disso, existe uma escassez de estudos avaliando associações clínicas e com psicopatologia familiar ajustando-se para outras comorbidades, especialmente numa faixa etária mais jovem da população (dos 6 aos 14 anos). Objetivos: Nós investigamos a prevalência e as associações de autolesão deliberada em jo- vens desta faixa etária com fatores de risco demográficos (idade, gênero, status socioeconô- mico e etnicidade), clínico (diagnóstico psiquiátrico das crianças) e familiar (diagnóstico psiquiátrico materno) em um grande estudo comunitário no Brasil. Métodos: Participantes (n=2.508) e suas mães (n=2,295) da Coorte de Alto-Risco para Transtornos Psiquiátricos foram avaliados através da Development and Well Being Assess- ment (DAWBA) e Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) respectivamente. Autolesão atual (no último mês) e ao longo da vida foram estimadas, incluindo análises estratificadas por faixa etária. Regressões logísticas foram realizadas investigando o papel do diagnóstico clínico de crianças e adolescentes e da psicopatologia materna sobre as estimativas de autolesão, ajustando-se para potenciais fatores confundidores. Resultados: A prevalência de autolesão deliberada atual foi de 0,8% (0,6% para crianças e 1% para adolescentes) e ao longo da vida foi de 1,6% (1,8% e 1,5% respectivamente). Estas estimativas não variaram de acordo com a idade, sexo e etnicidade. No entanto, pertencer à classe média esteve associado a uma diminuição de 70% na probabilidade de se relatar um episódio de autolesão ao longo da vida comparando-se com a classe mais favorecida. Autolesão atual e ao longo da vida foram mais frequentes em jovens com Depressão Maior, Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) e Transtorno Opositor Desafiante (TOD), mesmo em modelos múltiplos ajustado para variáveis demográficas e co- ocorrência de transtornos psiquiátricos. Além disso, a presença de transtorno de ansiedade nas mães esteve fortemente associada com autolesão deliberada recente e ao longo da vida em seus descendentes. Ao estratificar-se a análise por faixa etária, esta associação tornou- se não significativa para crianças com autolesão recente e adolescentes com autolesão ao longo da vida; ao passo que, especificamente em crianças, autolesão recente foi associada com transtorno de humor materno. Conclusão: A autolesão deliberada é um problema importante em crianças e adolescen- tes. Os diagnósticos de Depressão Maior, TDAH e TOD estão consistentemente associados com este comportamento, bem como ter uma mãe com um transtorno de ansiedade. Nos- sos resultados salientam a importância de se perguntar a respeito de comportamentos suicidas em jovens com comportamentos disruptivos, independentemente da comorbidade com depressão, e também realçam a necessidade de estratégias preventivas com um en- volvimento familiar. / Background: Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of deliberate self-harm (DSH) in youngsters from low and middle-income countries. In addition, there is a shortage of studies evaluating clinical associations and family psychopathology adjusting for other comorbidities, especially in a younger age-group (from 6 to 14 years). Objectives: We investigated prevalence and associations of DSH in youngsters of that age range with demographic (age, gender, socioeconomic status and ethnicity), clinical (children psychiatric diagnosis) and familial risk factors (maternal psychiatric diagnosis) from a community-based study from Brazil. Methods: Participants (n=2,508) and their mothers (n=2,295) from the High Risk Co- hort for Psychiatric Disorders (HRC) were assessed through the Development andWell Be- ing Assessment (DAWBA) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) respectively. Current (last month) and lifetime DSH were estimated, including analysis stratified by age-groups. Logistic regressions were performed investigating the role of youths’ clinical diagnoses and maternal psychopathology on prevalence estimates of DSH adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: Prevalence of current DSH was 0.8% (0.6% for children and 1% for adolescents) and life-time DSH was 1.6% (1.8% and 1.5% respectively). These estimatives did not vary with age, gender and ethnicity. However, being from middle class was associated with a 70% decrease in the odds of reporting a lifetime episode of DSH comparing to the wealthiest class. Current and life-time DSH was more frequent in youth with Major Depression, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), even in multiple models accounting for demographic variables and co- occurring psychiatric disorders. Anxiety in mothers was strongly associated with current and life-time DSH in the offspring but when stratifying by age-group this association becomes non-significant for children with current DSH and for adolescents with lifetime DSH, whereas current DSH was associated with maternal mood disorder specifically in young children. Conclusion: Diagnoses of Major Depression, ADHD and ODD are consistently associated with DSH as well as having a mother with anxiety disorder. Our results emphasize the necessity to ask about suicidal behavior in young people with disruptive behaviors, regard- less of comorbidity with depression, and also highlight the need for preventive strategies with a family component.

Theoretical part of my graduation work is focused on defining terms of a mentally ill client, mental retardation, activities of clients with mental retardation and leisure time at the Centre of Accomodation and Outpatient Social Services Bobelovka. Research is divided into two parts: a quantity part with a questionnaire used for collecting data from the staff of the Centre, and the other questionnaire for the management of the Centre. In a quality research was used an interview with the clients´parents and the clients. The aim of this work was to map and evaluate activities of the clients at the Centre of Accomodation and Outpatient Social Services Bobelovka Jindřichův Hradec (Aim 1), finding out parents opinions on the clients´ activities at this Centre (Aim 2), and upon the findings to describe and evaluate the present status of activities at the Centre (Aim 3). All the aims were fulfilled. For the quantity research were determined two hypotheses in advance. The First Hypothesis, that the offer of activities at the Centre Bobelovka does not cover entire concern of the clients, was not affirmed. The Second Hypothesis, that the management of the Centre considers activities of the clients to be adequate and of a good quality, was affirmed. Upon the quality research were determined hypotheses III and IV. The Third Hypothesis states the clients´parents´satisfaction with the activities offered by the Centre Bobelovka. The Fourth Hypothesis states the clients´satisfaction with the activities at the Centre.

目前國內針對精神障礙者就業相關文獻，主要著重於就業影響因素。因此，本研究以復元統合模式為架構，探究精神障礙者在職業抉擇歷程裡有哪些影響因子以及其與復元之關係。本研究為理解精神障礙者如何解讀自己曾經歷的職業抉擇歷程，採半結構訪談之方式訪談七位具有多年就業經驗的精神障礙者，研究結果如下： 1.精神障礙者職業抉擇影響因素包含： (1)個人因素：清楚身體現況、過去就業經驗、職業倦怠。 (2)家庭因素：家人促進職涯發展情況與家人阻礙職涯發展情況。 (3)非正式支持因素：朋友與宗教組織提供就業資訊與建議。 (4)工作環境因素：交通、工作穩定性、職場友善度、工作機會。 (5)正式支持因素：就業服務單位協助轉介、就業服務員之協助。 (6)社會大眾汙名化：雇主對於精神障礙者的不友善、民眾對於精神障礙者的偏見與歧視、疾病自我汙名化。 2.職業抉擇歷程與復元：從受訪者的生命故事裡得知精神障礙者的求職之路蜿蜒迂迴，呼應復元是一個來來回回的過程。而本研究發現雖然工作動機並不一定影響精神障礙者的職業選擇，但在復元過程裡是重要激發強健心理能量的來源。本研究亦看到生涯成熟度對於精神障礙者職業選擇的影響。 3.精神障礙者就業與復元：精神障礙者在參與工作的過程裡，會發展個人策略及尋求相關資源協助，從而增強工作效能。而穩定就業讓精神障礙者得以提高生涯自主性、開始關注生活品質，及具有回饋社會的能力，這都是一種復元的展現。 最後，研究者結合上述研究結果與復元統合模式，嘗試繪製出精神障礙者職業抉擇與復元統合模式之關係，並提出本研究限制與建議，提供精神障礙者、精神障礙者之家屬、服務提供者和政策制定者。 / This research has based on the unity model of recovery to explore the factors affecting career choice of people with mental disorder, as well as to illustrate the relations between these factors and one’s recovery. Departing from domestic correlational literature that mostly underlines the factors impacting employment of people with mental illness, this study aims to shed new light on this research area by employing the framework above. Thereupon, semi-structured interviews are conducted with 7 interlocutors of multi-year working experiences to establish elaborated understandings of their self-narratives on the career choice process. The findings are: 1.Factors influencing the career choice of people with mental illness are as follows: (1)Personal factor: including clear understanding of personal health condition, past employment experiences, and occupational burnout. (2)Family factor: varied conditions where family members may be encouraging or discouraging in one’s career development. (3)Informal supporting factor: such as employment information and advices from friends or religious organizations. (4)Work environment factor: including transportation convenience, job stability, workplace friendliness, and job opportunities. (5)Formal supporting factor: referral from employment service providers, assistance from employment service officers. (6)Public stigma: such as antagonistic attitudes received from employers, prejudice and discrimination from the public, and even more, self-stigma one experiencing. 2.Career choice process and recovery: From the life stories disclosed by the interlocutors, their twist-and-turn paths toward employment could clearly be seen, echoing that of the recovery “is not a perfectly linear process”. Although work motivation might not be the determining cause of their career choice, it is crucial for inciting mental strength during recovery process. Furthermore, this research has also demonstrated the influence of career maturity towards career choice of people with mental disorder. 3.Employment and recovery: During their participation in employment, people with mental illness would develop personal strategies and seek for assistance from related resources in order to thrive at work environment. Moreover, stable employment aids one’s recovery in many ways, such as promoting one’s career autonomy, instilling life qualities, and also strengthening one’s potential to give back to the society. In accordance with the findings mentioned above, this study has made an attempt to depict the relations between career choices of people with mental illness and the unity model of recovery. Lastly, research limitations along with suggestions for further research are subsequently raised, in the hope of serving as a reference for them with mental illness, their families, mental health services providers, and policy makers.

Objetivo: Rastreamento de anemia em adultos usuários de um serviço de Atenção Básica atendidos pelo Programa de Saúde da Família em área de baixa renda da cidade de São Paulo Desenho: Transversal Local: O estudo foi conduzido numa Unidade de Atenção Básica usando a estrutura do Programa Saúde da Família Casuística: Todos os 1067 adultos, dos 18 aos 65 anos, moradores de três micro-áreas atendidas por uma equipe de saúde da família numa Unidade de Atenção Básica foram convidados para participarem do estudo. Métodos: Os participantes responderam a questionários sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, sintomas de anemia, alcoolismo, transtornos mentais comuns (SRQ-20) e qualidade de vida (SF-36), eles também foram submetidos a uma avaliação clínica e coleta de sangue para realização do hemograma. Resultados: De 1048 indivíduos elegíveis, 532 responderam aos questionários e 475 destes tiveram seus hemogramas realizados. A freqüência encontrada de anemia foi de 6,5% (4,5- 9,1), e 87% dos casos foram de anemia leve (>=10g/dL). Houve predomínio de anemia ferropriva (41,9%). Observou-se que entre os portadores de anemia o desemprego foi mais freqüente (p=0,04). Os sintomas associados com anemia foram anorexia (p=0,03) e intolerância ao frio (p=0,03). Entre os indivíduos do sexo masculino, os portadores de anemia tiveram mais sintomas psiquiátricos (p=0,04) em relação ao sexo feminino. Os domínios do SF-36 que tiveram relação com anemia foram limitação física (p<0,01) e aspectos sociais (p=0,03). Não se encontrou associação com alcoolismo (p=0,76) e com sinais de anemia. Não se encontrou correlação entre valores de hemoglobina e escores de transtornos mentais comuns, alcoolismo e qualidade de vida. Após regressão logística dos fatores relacionados à anemia - desemprego, anorexia, intolerância ao frio, transtornos mentais comuns em homens, limitação física e aspectos sociais, apenas o domínio limitação física, do questionário de qualidade de vida, teve associação com anemia. Discussão: A freqüência de anemia foi de 6,5% (4,5- 9,1), houve predomínio de anemia leve e do tipo ferropriva. A limitação física, após ajuste multivariado foi o único domínio do SF-36 associado com a anemia. / Objective: Screening for anemia in adult users of a primary care unity of the Family Health Program in a low income area of the city of Sao Paulo. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was carried out at a primary care unit using the structure of the Family Health Program. Subjects: All 1067 adults aged between 18-65 years living in three particular micro-areas attended by a family health team were invited to take part in the study. Methods: The participants answered questionnaires about socio-demographic factors, anemia symptoms, alcoholism, common mental disorders (SRQ-20) and quality of life (SF-36). They were also submitted to a clinical examination in which a blood sample was taken for total blood cell count. Results: Of the 1067 adult residents in the three micro-areas, 1048 took part in the study. However, only 532 of those responded to the questionnaires and 475 had their total blood cell count accomplished. The frequency of anemia found was 6.5 % (4.5- 9.1), 87% of which showed a mild form (>=10g/dL) of the disease. Anemia was observed to be more frequent among unemployed subjects (p=0.04). The most common symptoms associated with the disease were anorexia (p=0.03) and cold intolerance (p=0.03). Male anemia sufferers displayed more psychiatric symptoms (p = 0.04) than female ones. The SF-36 factors found to be more related to anemia were physical limitations (p<0.01) and social aspects (p=0.03). No association was found between anemia and alcoholism (p=0.76). No correlation was found between hemoglobin values and scores of common mental disorders, alcoholism and quality of life. After logistical regression of the factors related to anemia (i.e. unemployment, anorexia, cold intolerance, mental disorders common to men, physical limitation and social aspects), only the physical limitation domain of the questionnaire about quality of life had association with anemia. Discussion: The frequency of anemia was 6.5% (4.5- 9.1), most anemia cases were of mild form and caused by iron deficiency. After a multi-varied logistical adjustment, physical limitation was found to be the only SF-36 domain associated with anemia.

O objetivo geral deste estudo foi investigar os fatores associados a Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) e ao consumo de psicofármacos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBSs) de Ribeirão Preto. É um estudo epidemiológico, transversal e correlacional com plano amostral estratificado e proporcional (n=430). Cada estrato foi formado pela maior UBS em número de usuários, na área de abrangência de cada um dos cinco distritos de saúde da cidade. Foram instrumentos de pesquisa: questionários sociodemográfico, econômico, farmacoterapêutico e de histórico de saúde; Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), para estimar a prevalência de TMC e World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-Brief (WHOQOL-brief), para mensurar escores de qualidade de vida (QV) na amostra. TMC, uso de psicofármacos e QV foram considerados variáveis dependentes. Foram variáveis explicativas: sociodemográficas e econômicas, farmacoterapêuticas e histórico de saúde. Para a abordagem de TMC e uso de psicofármacos como variáveis dependentes, foram realizadas as análises: univariada (teste de Qui-quadrado) e regressão logística multivariada. Para a análise de QV, foram utilizados: t-teste de Student e regressão linear múltipla. Foram consideradas significativas as associações nas quais p<0,05. A prevalência de TMC foi de 41,4%, e a de consumo de psicofármacos foi de 25,8%. Os fatores preditores de TMC foram uso de psicofármacos (OR=3,88; IC95% 2,34-6,41) e sexo feminino (OR=1,96; IC95% 1,04- 3,69). Pelo teste Qui-quadrado, houve associação entre ser positivo para TMC e número de tipos de medicamentos e número de comprimidos por dia (p<0,05). Quanto ao uso de psicofármacos, os fatores preditores foram TMC (OR=3,9; IC95% 2,36-6,55), doenças clínicas (OR=5,4, IC95% 2,84-10,2) e baixa escolaridade (OR=1,7; IC95% 1,02-2,92). Segundo o t-teste de Student, pacientes com TMC apresentaram escores de QV menores que pacientes negativos para TMC, em todos os domínios (p<0,05). TMC foi o fator que mais contribuiu no modelo de regressão linear para piores escores de QV. O uso de psicofármacos influenciou negativamente os padrões de QV nos domínios físico e psicológico do WHOOQL- brief. Os resultados deste estudo apontam para a necessidade de estratégias em atenção básica à saúde (ABS) que busquem contemplar a integralidade dos indivíduos, visto a associação entre TMC, uso de psicofármacos e QV com variáveis sociodemográficas e econômicas. Os resultados com QV permitem a suposição de que quer estivessem em uso de psicofármacos ou não, os indivíduos apresentaram- se em sofrimento / The general aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with Common Mental Disorders (CMD) and the use of psychotropic drugs in Basic Health Units (BHU), in Ribeirão Preto. This is an epidemiological cross-sectional and correlational study, with stratified proportional sampling plan. Each strata was formed by the largest BHU in the number of attendees in the coverage area of each of the five health districts in the entire city. The interview subjects included 430 individuals who had medical appointments scheduled in the BHUs. These elements were used as research instruments: economic, socio-demographic, and pharmacotherapeutic questionnaires; a self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20), to estimate the prevalence of CMDs; and a World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment - Brief (WHOQOL-brief) to measure quality of life scores (QOL) in the sample. The dependent variables included CMD, the use of psychotropic drugs, and QOL. The explanatory variables involved socio-demographic, economic, and pharmacotherapeutic factors, as well as health history. While analyzing TMC and the use of psychotropics drugs as dependent variables, univariate (chi -square) analysis and a multivariate logistic regression were conducted. For the analysis of QOL, a Student t - test and a multiple linear regression were used. In associations in which p<0.05 were considered significant. The prevalence of CMDs was 41.4% and psychotropic drug was 25.8%. Predictors of CMD included the use of psychoactive drugs (OR = 3.88, 95% CI 2.34 to 6.41) and female gender (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.69). Information gathered by the Chi-square test indicated an association between being positive for TMC and the number of types of medications and the number of tablets per day (p<0.05.) Regarding the use of psychotropic drugs, the predictors were TMC (OR = 3.9; 95% CI 2.36 to 6.55), physical illness (OR = 5.4, 95% CI 2.84 to 10.2), and lower education (OR = 1, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.92). According to the Student t-test, patients with CMD had lower QOL scores than patients who were negative for TMC across all domains (p < 0.05). CMD was the major contributing factor in the linear regression model for lower QOL scores. The use of psychotropics negatively influenced the patterns of QOL, in the physical and psychological domains of WHOOQL-brief. The results of this study point to the need for strategies in primary health care (PHC) which seek to consider the individuals as a whole, since there was association between CMD, use of psychotropic drugs, and QOL with socio-demographic and economic variables. The results involving QOL allow for the assumption that, whether or not there was use of psychotropic drugs, individuals presented in distress

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-21T12:40:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Vanessa Vieira França - Dissertação.pdf: 1905878 bytes, checksum: cb054fd34f33546e8d861d9789c0b2d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T12:40:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Vanessa Vieira França - Dissertação.pdf: 1905878 bytes, checksum: cb054fd34f33546e8d861d9789c0b2d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / CAPES / Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos (SRT) são casas inseridas na comunidade e que recebem portadores de transtornos mentais, egressos de internações psiquiátricas de longa permanência, sem suporte social e com laços familiares ausentes ou fragilizados. Hoje os SRT vivenciam diversos desafios como: a rede de saúde deficitária e pouco articulada, o envelhecimento da população, dificuldade da equipe de cuidadores com a convivência e manejo mínimo das comorbidades crônicas e psiquiátricas. O objetivo geral dessa dissertação foi analisar as demandas de cuidado dos moradores dos SRT. Para alcançar este objetivo, foram elaborados um artigo de Revisão Integrativa (RI) e três artigos originais: O artigo de RI teve o objetivo de identificar as estratégias utilizadas no processo de desinstitucionalização de pessoas com transtornos mentais em diversos países do mundo. A busca foi realizada nas bases Scopus, Cinahl e Lilacs. Foram incluídos artigos originais publicados entre 2009 e 2014, em inglês, português ou espanhol. Os artigos originais emergiram de um estudo transversal de amostra censitária realizado com 190 moradores de ambos os sexos de 31 SRT de Recife-PE. Foram excluídos moradores em internamento hospitalar ou fora da cidade; impossibilitados de participar do estudo por questões de saúde física ou mental; e que não possuíam curador legal disponível. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre janeiro e julho/2015 no próprio SRT ou nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial de referência. Foram analisadas as variáveis de perfil socioeconômico, familiar e psiquiátrico, aplicado o Índice de Katz e a escala de Lawton. Para análise foram utilizados o teste de qui-quadrado e a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Os resultados da revisão integrativa emergiram da análise de 14 experiências de desinstitucionalização no mundo e evidenciaram as particularidades vivenciadas por diferentes países para realizar a reforma psiquiátrica. Os artigos originais evidenciaram que essa população em sua maioria é composta por homens, solteiros, não escolarizados, com renda entre 1 e 2 salários mínimos e idosos. Para as Atividades Básicas de Vida Diária (ABVD) a maioria dos moradores é independente.A análise multivariada identificou associações entre o estado geral comprometido, mobilidade reduzida e acuidade visual preservada com estados de dependência para as ABVD. Para as Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária a maioria foi classificada como dependente este estado esteve mais associada à ausência de renda, tempo do último internamento psiquiátrico superior a 10 anos, estado geral comprometido, acuidade visual preservada e não possuir esquizofrenia 10 paranóide. As demandas de cuidado prioritárias são: inatividade física, edentulismo sem uso de prótese, sobrepeso e obesidade, esquizofrenia residual e o tabagismo. Conclui-se, que o perfil desse morador ainda assemelha-se com o que é encontrado nos hospitais psiquiátricos brasileiros e que suas demandas de cuidado envolvem questões associadas aos longos períodos de internamento psiquiátrico pregresso, afetando negativamente na capacidade funcional deste grupo. É necessária a integração do morador, comunidade, rede de assistência, e em especial da Estratégia Saúde da Família, com o intuito de prevenir agravos e intervir nestas demandas identificadas a fim de prevenir a evolução dos quadros de dependência com o envelhecimento da população. / Residential Therapeutic Services (RTS) are community “assisted living facilities” to assist people with mental disorders or long-term psychiatric hospitalization, and without family or social support. Several challenges face the RTS today including an unorganized and impoverished health network, an aging population, and the coexistence and minimal management of chronic and psychiatric comorbidities. The aim of this thesis was to analyze the care demands of the residents of the RTS. To accomplish this, one Integrative Review article (RI) and three original articles were developed. The RI article aimed to identify selected strategies to deinstitutionalize people with mental disorders in many countries around the world. The search was conducted in Scopus, CINAHL, and Lilacs databases. Original articles that were published between 2009 and 2014 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, were included. The original articles emerged from a cross-sectional study of the census sample conducted with 190 residents of both sexes of 31 RTS Recife-PE. Residents who were in hospital, out of town, and did not have a legal curator available were excluded. Data was collected between January and July, 2015 in the RTS or reference Psychosocial Care Centers. The Katz Index and the Lawton scale were applied with the variables of socioeconomic, family, and psychiatric profile. For analysis, were used the chi-square test and Poisson regression with robust variance. The results of the integrative review emerged from 14 deinstitutionalization experiences, and they showed characteristics experienced in different countries in performing the psychiatric reform. The original articles showed that this population is mostly made up of men, singles, unschooled individuals, families with 1 or 2 minimum wage incomes, and the elderly. For Daily Living Basic Activities (DLBA) most residents are independent. A Multivariate analysis identified associations between impaired general health status, the reduced mobility, and the visual preserved acuity with dependency for DLBA. For the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, most were classified as dependents. This health condition was more associated with lack of income, being a psychiatric inpatient for more than 10 years on the last hospitalization,having an impaired general condition, visual acuity preserved, and not having paranoid schizophrenia. Priority care demands are: physical inactivity, edentulism without use of prosthesis, overweight and obesity, residual schizophrenia, and smoking. It follows that the profile of this resident still resembles what is found in the Brazilian psychiatric hospitals and their care demands involve issues associated with long periods of progress of the last hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital. which adversely affects the functional ability of this group. It requires the integration of the resident, community, health care system, and especially the Primary Health Care in order to prevent injuries and intervene in the claims identified in order to prevent the development of dependence on frames with the aging population.