Ordbildningskategorin diminutiv är ett utmärkande drag i det polska språket, men inte lika framträdande i svenskan. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur polska diminutiva former har översatts till svenska. Först presenteras en forskningsbakgrund och definition av begreppet diminutiv, sedan följer en teoretisk genomgång om översättning. Materialet för uppsatsen består av olika prosatexter: två noveller ur novellsamlingen Gra na wielu bębenkach (Spel på många små trummor) av Olga Tokarczuk (2001) och Le Petit Prince (Lille prinsen/ Mały Książę) av Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (1946/1987). Utgångspunkten har varit de polska novellerna och den polska översättningen av Mały Książę, där substantiv, adjektiv och adverb med diminutiva suffix har markerats. Därefter har motsvarande ställe i de svenska översättningarna markerats och analyserats. Det franska originalet agerar som referens i jämförelsen av en polsk och svensk översättning. Analysen av de utvalda texterna visar att polskan oftare använder diminutiva suffix än svenskan och att svenskan uttrycker diminutivitet på andra sätt än med ändelser. I en del fall har den svenske översättaren använt adjektiv eller lexikala alternativ för att återge de polska diminutiven. I andra fall har de polska diminutiva formerna inte översatts alls.  I jämförelse med den franskan texten, visade det sig att den polska översättaren lagt till diminutiva former trots att de inte finns i originalet eller i den svenska översättningen. / Kategoria słowotwórcza deminutiwów stanowi charakterystyczną cechę języka polskiego, jednakże nie jest ona równie oczywista w języku szwedzkim. Celem tej pracy jest prześledzenie, w jaki sposób polskie formy deminutywne znajdują swoje odzwierciedlenie w tłumaczeniach na język szwedzki. Na wstępie zaprezentowano pochodzenie i definicję pojęcia deminutywu (zdrobnienia), jego rozwój w historycznej perspektywie, a następnie podstawy teoretyczne przekładu.    Materiał, na którym opiera się praca składa się z kilku utworów prozy. Są to dwie nowele ze zbioru Gra na wielu bębenkach (Spel på många små trummor) Olgi Tokarczuk (2001) oraz Le Petit Prince (Lille prinsen/Mały Książę) Antoine de Saint-Exupéry’ego (1946/1987).   Metoda pracy polegała na wybraniu z powyższych tekstów rzeczowników, przymiotników i przysłówków ze zdrobniającymi przyrostkami, a następnie przeanalizowanie ich odpowiedników w tłumaczeniach na język szwedzki. Francuski oryginał Małego Księcia spełniał tu rolę punktu odniesienia dla porównania polskiego i szwedzkiego przekładu.   Analiza wykazała znacznie większą częstotliwość używania zdrobnień w języku polskim niż w szwedzkim oraz różnice w sposobie tworzenia form deminutywnych. W wielu przypadkach szwedzki tłumacz zastosował formy przymiotnikowe lub leksykalne alternatywy dla oddania polskich zdrobnień. W innych przypadkach odstąpił on całkowicie od tłumaczenia form deminutywnych. W porównaniu z tekstem francuskim okazało się, że w polskim tłumaczeniu wprowadzono formy zdrobniałe, nawet tam gdzie nie występują  one w oryginale ani w szwedzkim przekładzie.

Introduction. The operative link for gastritis assessment (OLGA) and the operative link on gastric intestinal meta-plasia assessment (OLGIM) staging systems have been sug-gested to provide risk of assessment for gastric cancer. Objec-tive. To evaluate the distribution of OLGA and OLGIM staging by age and Helicobacter pylori status. Material and methods. We studied 197 subjects undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The presence of the H. pylori and histological changes were evaluated using the updated Sydney system. Stages III and IV of OLGA/OLGIM were considered high risk stages. Results. The H. pylori rate was 56.85% (112/197). High-risk OLGA/OLGIM cases were rare: 7/112 (6.5%) cases of OLGA in the H. pylori positive group and 6/85 (7%) in the H. pylori negative group; 5 (4.4%) cases of OLGIM in the H. pylori positive and 6 (7%) in the H. pylori negative. The proportion of advanced stages of OLGA and OLGIM increased with age (p < 0.001). High-risk OLGA was not found before age 40 regardless of the presence of H. pylori, but increased to 16.2%, 10.3%, 17.3% and 40.8% in subjects in the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh decade of life respectively. The OLGIM high risk showed a similar trend: 0% before 40 years and up to 22.6% in people of 70 years. Conclusions. High-risk OLGA/OLGIM cases are infrequent before age 40 and increase significantly with age. No relation was found with the presence of the H. pylori. According to these protocols, only a fifth of the patients would strictly require endoscopic control. / Revisión por pares

Through a comparative literary study of Monica Ali’s Brick Lane and Olga Grjasnova’s Der Russe ist einer, der Birken liebt, this thesis concludes that although the migrant experience is heterogeneous and that integration is a difficult process that varies through the diversity of experiences, these experiences can be unified by the common way in which migrants learn to “belong” by connecting with voices of the past and present and by building and maintaining relationships that extend beyond the limits of place. In defending this argument, the thesis draws upon themes of Bakhtinian heteroglossia, nationalism and transnationalism, space, globalism, and migration. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015 / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The rapid depletion of hydrocarbon fields around the world has led the industry to search for these resources in ever increasing water depths. In this context, the large diameter (D > 100mm) vertical riser has become a subject of great interest. In this research work, a major investigation was undertaken to determine the two phase flow hydrodynamics in a 254mm vertical riser. Two types of experiments were performed for range of air-water superficial velocities. The first experimental campaign addresses the issue of the two gas injector’s performances (conventional vs. novel design gas injector) in the large diameter vertical riser. The experimental results show that the novel design gas injector should be the preferential choice. The second set of the experimental work investigates the two phase flow hydrodynamics in the vertical riser in detail. The two phase flow patterns and their transitions were identified by combination of visual observations and statistical features. Based on the results, the experimental flow regime map was developed and compared with the existing vertical upflow regime maps/models. None of the flow regime transition models adequately predicted the flow regimes transitions in large diameter vertical risers as a whole. In this regard, the Taitel et al. (1980) bubble to slug flow transition model has been modified for large diameter vertical upflow conditions, based on the physical mechanism observed. The general trends of modified criteria agreed well with the current and other large diameter experimental results. The effect of upstream conditions on the vertical riser flow behaviour was also investigated in detail by two different inlet configurations (i) near riser base injection and (ii) upstream flowline injection. It was found that no significant differences exist in flow behaviour at low air-water superficial velocities for both the inlet configuration, at high air-water superficial velocities, the intermittent flow behavior in flowline influences the riser flow pattern characteristics and thereby controls the riser dynamics. It is found that liquid slugs from the flowline naturally dissipate to some extent in the riser as a consequence of compression of succeeding bubble that rapidly expands and break through the liquid slug preceding it when it enters the riser. The experimental work corroborates the general consensus that slug flow does not exist in large diameter vertical upflow condition. Experimental data has been further compared to increase the confidence on the existing two phase flow knowledge on large diameter vertical riser: (a) by comparing with other experimental studies on large diameter vertical upflow in which generally, a good agreement was found, (b) by assessing the predictive capability of void fraction correlations/pressure gradient methods. The important implication of this assessment is that the mechanistic approach based on specific flow regime in determining the void fraction and pressure gradient is more successful than conventional empirical based approaches. The assessment also proposes a proposed set a of flow regime specific correlations that recommends void fraction correlations based on their performances in the individual flow regimes. Finally, a numerical model to study the hydrodynamic behaviour in the large diameter horizontal flowline-vertical riser system is developed using multiphase flow simulator OLGA. The simulated results show satisfactory agreement for the stable flows while discrepancies were noted for highly intermittent flows. The real time boundary application was partially successful in qualitatively reproducing the trends. The discrepancies between the predicted results and experimental data are likely to be related to the incorrect closure relations used based on incorrect flow regimes predictions. The existence of the multiple roots in the OLGA code is also reported for the first time.

The rapid depletion of hydrocarbon fields around the world has led the industry to search for these resources in ever increasing water depths. In this context, the large diameter (D > 100mm) vertical riser has become a subject of great interest. In this research work, a major investigation was undertaken to determine the two phase flow hydrodynamics in a 254mm vertical riser. Two types of experiments were performed for range of air-water superficial velocities. The first experimental campaign addresses the issue of the two gas injector’s performances (conventional vs. novel design gas injector) in the large diameter vertical riser. The experimental results show that the novel design gas injector should be the preferential choice. The second set of the experimental work investigates the two phase flow hydrodynamics in the vertical riser in detail. The two phase flow patterns and their transitions were identified by combination of visual observations and statistical features. Based on the results, the experimental flow regime map was developed and compared with the existing vertical upflow regime maps/models. None of the flow regime transition models adequately predicted the flow regimes transitions in large diameter vertical risers as a whole. In this regard, the Taitel et al. (1980) bubble to slug flow transition model has been modified for large diameter vertical upflow conditions, based on the physical mechanism observed. The general trends of modified criteria agreed well with the current and other large diameter experimental results. The effect of upstream conditions on the vertical riser flow behaviour was also investigated in detail by two different inlet configurations (i) near riser base injection and (ii) upstream flowline injection. It was found that no significant differences exist in flow behaviour at low air-water superficial velocities for both the inlet configuration, at high air-water superficial velocities, the intermittent flow behavior in flowline influences the riser flow pattern characteristics and thereby controls the riser dynamics. It is found that liquid slugs from the flowline naturally dissipate to some extent in the riser as a consequence of compression of succeeding bubble that rapidly expands and break through the liquid slug preceding it when it enters the riser. The experimental work corroborates the general consensus that slug flow does not exist in large diameter vertical upflow condition. Experimental data has been further compared to increase the confidence on the existing two phase flow knowledge on large diameter vertical riser: (a) by comparing with other experimental studies on large diameter vertical upflow in which generally, a good agreement was found, (b) by assessing the predictive capability of void fraction correlations/pressure gradient methods. The important implication of this assessment is that the mechanistic approach based on specific flow regime in determining the void fraction and pressure gradient is more successful than conventional empirical based approaches. The assessment also proposes a proposed set a of flow regime specific correlations that recommends void fraction correlations based on their performances in the individual flow regimes. Finally, a numerical model to study the hydrodynamic behaviour in the large diameter horizontal flowline-vertical riser system is developed using multiphase flow simulator OLGA. The simulated results show satisfactory agreement for the stable flows while discrepancies were noted for highly intermittent flows. The real time boundary application was partially successful in qualitatively reproducing the trends. The discrepancies between the predicted results and experimental data are likely to be related to the incorrect closure relations used based on incorrect flow regimes predictions. The existence of the multiple roots in the OLGA code is also reported for the first time.

To talk about the constructed images of Luiz Carlos Prestes and Olga Benario is the main reason of this research. The biographies O Cavaleiro da Esperança: a vida de Luiz Carlos Prestes, written by Jorge Amado and Olga, written by Fernando Morais are the main sources that joined by other literary works from Amado and several documents complete the sources for this research. Organized in six parts including the initial and final considerations the whole text is composed by four themes. The first part reflects the representative images about Prestes and Olga in the contemporary age seen by the named Brazilian left and by the couple s daughter Anita Leocadia Prestes. Besides it includes and analyses the several historical interpretations already concluded about the characters. The second, third and fourth approach refer specially to the representations done through the biographies already mentioned. The second approach reflects at first the biographers outlook having the analyzed works as important marcs in the literary life of the writers. Furthermore, the political relevance credited to the texts due to the historical moment of their productions is also studied. Afterwards the limits between history and literature are mentioned checking the details of the biographic gender and its claiming of true narrative that in the case of the approached writers is the expression of a power project. The third theme turns into analyze about memories understanding how the subjective reasons / affectivities are streamlined at the biographies written. Finally we debate identity observing at first place that Amado and Morais hold common similarities within the literary writers and interpreters of the Brazilian national identity and afterwards analyzing the nostalgic elaborations of the characters viewing stimulate the readers to (re)elaborate the image of the identity characteristics of the Brazilian people. / Falar das imagens construídas de Luiz Carlos Prestes e Olga Benario, esse é o objetivo primordial dessa pesquisa. As biografias O Cavaleiro da Esperança: a vida de Luiz Carlos Prestes, escrita por Jorge Amado, e Olga, escrita por Fernando Morais, são as principais fontes que, aliadas a outros livros literários de Amado e a diversos documentos, completam a lista de fontes usadas nessa pesquisa. Estruturado em seis partes, incluindo as considerações iniciais e finais, o texto dissertativo aborda quatro temáticas. A primeira abordagem reflete sobre as imagens representativas de Prestes e Olga na contemporaneidade, o olhar da denominada esquerda brasileira e da filha do casal e historiadora, Anita Leocadia Prestes, além de situar e analisar as diversas interpretações historiográficas sobre os personagens. A segunda, terceira e quarta abordagens se voltam especificamente às representações realizadas através das biografias citadas. A segunda aborda o panorama dos biógrafos, situando as obras estudadas como marcos na vida literária dos mesmos e a importância política dada aos textos devido à conjuntura vivida na época de suas produções; posteriormente, abordam-se as fronteiras entre História e Literatura, considerando as especificidades do gênero biográfico e a sua reivindicação de narrativa verídica que, no caso dos escritores abordados, expressa um projeto de poder. A terceira temática se volta à análise das memórias, interpretando como as subjetividades/afetividades são postas de forma racionalizada na escrita das biografias. Por último, adentramos no debate da identidade, observando que tanto Amado como Morais detêm semelhanças com literatos e intérpretes da identidade nacional brasileira e, posteriormente, analisando as elaborações nostálgicas dos biografados, com o intuito de estimular o leitor a (re)elaborar a imagem ou características identitárias do povo brasileiro. / Mestre em História

Det här examensarbetet handlar om skrivundervisning. Undersökningen är huvudsakligen en fallstudie. Syftet är att få ökade kunskaper om en gymnasielärares arbetssätt för att utveckla sina elevers skrivande. Den huvudsakliga forskningsfrågan i detta arbete är: Hur beskriver en erfaren gymnasielärare sin skrivundervisning för att öka sina elevers skrivförmåga inom svenskundervisningen i gymnasiet? Examensarbetet börjar i en teoretisk utgångspunkt med tre olika teorier om skrivande och skrivundervisning. Sedan fortsätter det med den empiriska delen som är en djupintervju med en lärare vid namn Emmy (fiktivt namn) på en gymnasieskola i Småland. I resultaten, analysen och diskussionen i examensarbetet visas det hur en lärare har försökt att svara på frågeställningen ovan. Den huvudsakliga slutsatsen är att läraren är flexibel och att hon har ett antal olika metoder att arbeta med när hon försöker öka sina elevers skrivförmåga i sin dagliga undervisning. Den här fallstudien visar också något av hennes syn på skrivundervisning inom svenskämnet på gymnasiet. Emmys teoretiska grundsyn ligger nära skrivprocessteorin som representeras av den svenska forskaren Siv Strömquist. Det är omöjligt att dra några generella slutsatser om alla lärare bara på basis av en enda fallstudie. En försiktig tanke som dock uppstår i diskussionen är att det kan vara svårt att vara lärare, om man tittar på och lever sig in i Emmys bild av sin skrivundervisning. Några av hennes ledstjärnor är värdegrunden, den lokala kursplanen, skrivprocessteorin, en bra lärare–elev-relation, mycket läsning, textanalys, bra skrivuppgifter, tydliga uppgiftsinstruktioner, mönsterexempel, mycket skrivträning, nyttig textrespons, infärgning, goda råd till eleverna samt sist men inte minst humor och lust i skrivundervisningen. Allt detta ska leda henne framåt för att öka skrivförmågan hos eleverna.

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This thesis deals with the personality of the Premysl Pitter, a time in which he lived. He was a man of humanism, tolerance, democracy supporter, ecumenism and one of the few who help without having. The aim of the thesis is to familiarize the reader with the most important events and aspects of his life. The work is divided into ten chapters and each will concentrate on one period in his life. The first chapter describes his childhood until his return from the World War I. In the second chapter, I tried to handle the growth of his thoughts and ideas in a European context. The third chapter is entitled "Milíč's house," where Premysl and his colleagues care for children of lower Zizkov. The fourth deals with " The Castles". The fifth chapter is called Pitter escape from Czechoslovakia. In the sixth chapter describes his work in the refugee camp Valka. The seventh chapter is devoted to his publishing work and stay in Switzerland. Eighth entitled "An educator and didactic activity" here, I tried to outline its most important pedagogical benefits and principle. The ninth chapter deals with life colleague of Pitter about Olga Fierz. The last chapter was compiled in table form, which I chose for its lucidity. In it, I carried the most important chronological dates, celebrities, whom he met, his writings and world...

The origin of fantasy motives dates back to the prescriptive era. Although literature itself is constantly developing, it's basic motives such as heroes or the text composition holds on to the classical archetypes, which helps the reader to stay oriented. Fantasy elements are a good representation of these archetypes. It is no secret that the authors of the modern and post-modern fantasy literature are often inspired by ancient mythical literature. On the contrary, these myths and archetypes research these texts and are, consequently, used in new variations. In this thesis, I try to analyze some of these motives such as the hero's journey, or the representation of the mythical characters and demonstrate their transformation from the simple folk archetypes to the complex elements used in modern literature. Apart from modern and postmodern literature, I also focus on the literature of the 19th century, due to the fact that it is the romanticism and the Young Poland era, where I found the first signs of the fantasy works in polish literature.