Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-09-21T15:25:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Ribeiro Reichert_.pdf: 4737854 bytes, checksum: 8c1e3f1bf197f8a924e176a77d4c2a30 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T15:25:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Ribeiro Reichert_.pdf: 4737854 bytes, checksum: 8c1e3f1bf197f8a924e176a77d4c2a30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-22 / Milton Valente / A presente tese analisa traduções do português para a Libras de provas de vestibular da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) na edição de 2012. Por meio dessa análise, pretende-se responder à seguinte questão: como traduções da língua portuguesa escrita para a Libras em prova de vestibular são realizadas com o objetivo de garantir aos surdos, por meio da Libras, o acesso às informações necessárias e suficientes em relação aos conhecimentos exigidos na referida prova? O objetivo principal do estudo é, portanto, analisar elementos que, no processo de tradução, evidenciam aspectos que precisam tomar a cultura surda como central para que os textos em Libras possibilitem aos surdos a compreensão das questões apresentadas originalmente na língua portuguesa escrita. As ponderações conceituais versam sobre os estudos da Tradução (VASCONCELLOS e PAGANO, 2004; VASCONCELLOS, 2008; VASCONCELLOS e BARTHOLAMEI, 2008), mais especificamente no campo dos Estudos da Tradução da Libras e da Língua Portuguesa (VASCONCELLOS, 2010; VASCONCELLOS, QUADROS, SANTOS e PEREIRA, 2012; SANTOS, 2013). Neste viés, vem à tona a visão sócio-antropológica da surdez (SKLIAR, 1998), o trabalho dos tradutores envolvidos na realização das traduções, aspectos específicos da tradução em si, bem como questões visuais implicadas na apresentação dessas provas (QUADROS, STUMPF e OLIVEIRA, 2011; QUADROS, SOUSA e VARGAS, 2012). Tais aspectos são verificados no trabalho de tradução de questões da prova de Língua Portuguesa e de Redação daquela edição do vestibular, no ano de 2012. Apresentam-se as questões da prova, uma descrição do trabalho dos tradutores e algumas implicações desse processo, considerando o fato de que os surdos teriam acesso às informações da prova em Libras, mas as respostas deveriam ser dadas por meio da língua portuguesa escrita. Como resultados da análise, entre as discussões referentes aos impasses na seleção de estratégias e de definições decorrentes do processo tradutório, destaca-se que as provas de vestibular são um locus privilegiado para a verificação da qualidade da acessibilidade oferecida às pessoas surdas, uma vez que expõem os conflitos culturais e linguísticos que ainda carecem de investigações e melhorias. / This thesis analyzes translations from Portuguese into the Libras college entrance tests at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) in the edition of 2012. Through this analysis, we intend to answer the question: how translations of Portuguese written for Libras in college entrance test are carried out with the purpose of guaranteeing to the deaf by means of Libras, access to necessary and sufficient information regarding the knowledge required in that race? The main objective of the study is therefore to analyze elements in the process of translation, show aspects that need to take the deaf culture as central to the texts in Libras allow the deaf to understanding the issues originally presented in Portuguese writing. The conceptual considerations deal with the Translation Studies (Vasconcellos and PAGANO, 2004; Vasconcellos, 2008; Vasconcellos and BARTHOLAMEI, 2008), more specifically in the field of Libras Translation Studies and Portuguese Language (Vasconcellos, 2010; Vasconcellos, TABLES, SANTOS and PEREIRA, 2012; SANTOS, 2013). This bias comes up the socio-anthropological view of deafness (Skliar, 1998), the work of translators involved in the making of translations, specific aspects of the translation itself, as well as visual issues involved in offering the evidence (TABLES, STUMPF and OLIVEIRA, 2011; TABLES, and SOUSA VARGAS, 2012). These aspects are checked at work of translation test issues of Portuguese Language and Writing of that edition of the vestibular, in 2012. We present the proof of questions, a description of the work of translators and some implications of this process, considering the fact that deaf people have access to test information in Libras, but the answers should be given through the Portuguese language writing. As a result of the analysis, including discussions relating to impasses in the selection of strategies and settings arising from the translation process, there is the college entrance exams are a privileged locus for checking the accessibility of quality offered to deaf people, as expose the cultural and linguistic conflicts that still require research and improvements.

Cette thèse est le fruit d’un projet de recherche qui mêle la pratique et la théorie de la traduction. Divisée en deux volumes, elle étudie des questions liées à la traduction de l’argot tel qu’utilisé dans des oeuvres de fiction. Le premier comprend un commentaire critique composé de trois parties, et le second une traduction en anglais du roman Moi non (P. Goujon, Gallimard, 2003). L’intrigue du roman se déroulant en banlieue parisienne, le commentaire explore la façon dont les jeunes adultes marginalisés peuvent s’exprimer par l’emploi de l’argot, une variété linguistique non-standard. Cette variété est souvent représentative d’un lieu précis et d’une identité particulière, participant à un ensemble de formes d’expression qui sert à distinguer la jeunesse marginalisée de groupes dominants. Une telle utilisation de la langue soulève des questions concrètes et abstraites quand on décide de la transcrire et de la traduire dans une oeuvre de fiction. Souvent, le traducteur a recours à l’emploi d’une langue standard ou à l’utilisation d’un argot dit « équivalent ». La traduction proposée de Moi non s’inscrit dans une méthode alternative qui s’inspire d’un style informel ainsi que de procédés créatifs que l’on peut notamment employer dans le rap et dans l’élaboration de nouvelles expressions argotiques. Préférant éviter de situer la traduction dans une aire géographique spécifique, cette traduction invite à explorer les points communs de l’ensemble des parlers jeunes du monde anglophone. Ce projet représente ainsi une opportunité de vérifier la cohérence et la logique de cette démarche alternative de la traduction de l’argot d’un roman, et de la comparer avec l’approche empruntée par les traducteurs de textes similaires. / This thesis is the fruit of a research project which marries translation practice and theory. Separated into two volumes, it explores questions related to the translation of slang in fictional texts. The first volume is a critical commentary composed of three parts, and the second a translation from French into English of the novel Moi non by Patrick Goujon (Gallimard, 2003). Since the plot unfolds in the banlieue of Paris, the critical component investigates the way in which marginalised youth can express themselves through slang, a variety of non-standard language. Often representative of a specific place and identity, slang constitutes one of many forms of expression that contribute to setting marginalised youth apart from dominant groups. Such use of language raises a number of questions, both concrete and abstract in nature, when one decides to transcribe and translate it in a work of fiction. Translators often employ standard language to render this voice in the translated text or otherwise make use of an “equivalent” slang. The proposed translation of Moi non embodies an alternative method inspired by an overall informal style of writing, as well as by the creative devices employed in rap lyrics and in the creation of slang words and expressions. In an effort to avoid suggesting a specific setting outside of the banlieue, this translation seeks to identify and harness features of English shared by young people throughout the Anglosphere. This thesis thus represents an opportunity to ensure the coherence and the logic of this alternative approach to translating slang in an entire novel, and to compare this approach with that adopted by the translators of similar texts.

Traduire en littérature d’enfance et de jeunesse place le traducteur au sein d’un paradoxe : il doit faire avec la longue tradition d’effacement de sa présence au service du texte d’origine, et avec celle d’une prise en charge bienveillante, souvent bienpensante, du public jeune. Passeur ou prescripteur : le traducteur se réduit-il à cette vision dualiste ? Notre étude envisage une autre approche théorique et pratique à partir d’un corpus anglophone de textes pour la jeunesse allant du XIXe au XXIe siècle. Cette catégorie littéraire se décloisonne actuellement au sein de la littérature : ceci permet de ne plus concevoir sa traduction comme une traduction de spécificité et de s’affranchir d’une tradition cibliste qui en vient à effacer l’altérité des œuvres. Il ne s’agit pas pour autant de nier l’existence de questions plus spécifiques à ce domaine, mais de faire valoir sa complexité et sa richesse à travers l’espace de jeu de sa traduction, construit autour d’un jeu langagier qui interroge notre relation au langage, à l’identité et à l’altérité. À l’invitation de Berman et Meschonnic, le traducteur élabore une approche traductive réfléchie, à l’écoute de cette « écriture pour l’oreille » (Nières-Chevrel) qu’est la littérature pour la jeunesse. Cette approche nécessite une implication du traducteur-sujet, conscient des limites et des possibilités qui accompagnent sa subjectivité. On ne parle plus d’effacement, mais du traducteur revêtant sa cape d’invisibilité : faussement fantomatique, pleinement présent, il négocie entre les cultures, les langues, les lectorats. Notre thèse s’inscrit dans cette optique et allie pensée de la traduction, étude et traduction des œuvres sélectionnées. De cette expérience émerge un constat : traduire en littérature d’enfance et de jeunesse nous ramène finalement au statut d’enfant (re)découvrant le langage, la construction de l’individu et la relation à soi et à l’autre. / Translating children’s literature can be paradoxical for translators: they have to deal with the long tradition of the self-effacing translator serving the source text, and with a tendency to cater for the young readership in a benevolent, often conformist way. Our thesis looks beyond this dualistic view and shows another theoretical and practical approach based on a selection of texts from English-language children’s literature, from the XIXth century onwards. Children’s literature is seen more and more as a part of literature in general, which makes it possible to no longer see its translation as specific and target-oriented, something that tends to erase the otherness within the texts. If some elements are indeed more specific to the translation of children’s literature, this thesis aims at underlining how rich and complex this literature is thanks to translation, which makes us reconsider our relation to language, identity and otherness. Following Antoine Berman and Henri Meschonnic, translators must think their practice and build a theory paying particular attention to the inherent orality of children’s literature. Translators have to involve themselves in their work while being aware of the limitations and possibilities linked to their subjectivity. The translator’s invisibility is a chosen and playful one, using the metaphor of the invisibility cloak, which they can put on and remove as they please, while they negotiate between cultures, languages and readerships. Elaborating on this image, our thesis links the theory of translation with the study and the translation of our primary corpus, and draws a conclusion: translating children’s literature assimilates the experience of the translator to the one of the child (re)discovering language, identity and otherness.

Depuis la traduction grecque des Septante, le livre biblique Michlé est traduit par « Livre des Proverbes ». Or, dans la tradition herméneutique juive, la signification correcte n’est pas « proverbes » mais « paraboles ». Ce choix de signification modifie le contenu de l’ensemble du livre, puisqu’il invite à lire et à interpréter ses assertions dans un tout autre horizon que la perspective reçue depuis la Septante. Il fallait donc traduire le texte hébraïque de Michlé sur de nouvelles bases, en suivant l’herméneutique talmudique et midrachique, reprise et développée à l’époque médiévale par les commentateurs, les philosophes et les grammairiens juifs. Nous proposons ainsi une traduction nouvelle, accompagnée de commentaires et de notes philologiques qui explorent « les » sens du texte hébreu en fonction de ses strates métaphoriques et allégoriques, et en déploient le contenu. Cette traduction est précédée d’une longue introduction qui permet de comprendre les prémisses de l’herméneutique juive ; et s’efforce de déchiffrer les processus littéraires et historiques qui en empêchent l’accès, et engendrent les malentendus dont Michlé est un exemple crucial. Il importait encore de faire le point sur l’état actuel de la traduction des textes bibliques, tant du point de vue des travaux réalisés en France que du point de vue des impératifs internes de la tradition hébraïque. Une part importante de l’introduction est donc aussi consacrée aux problèmes méthodologiques particuliers à la traduction des écrits bibliques ; et à l’esquisse d’une démarche dont la traduction de Michlé est la mise en pratique. / Since the Greek Septuagint, the biblical book Mishlei is translated "Book of Proverbs". But in the Jewish hermeneutic tradition, the correct translation is "parables". This new meaning changes the meaning of the whole book. It was therefore necessary to translate the Hebrew text of Mishlei on a new basis, following the Talmudic and midrashic hermeneutics, extended and developed in medieval times by commentators, philosophers and Jewish grammarians. Thus, we propose a new translation, with commentary and philological notes that explore the meanings of the Hebrew text including its metaphorical and allegorical layers. This translation is preceded by a long introduction devoted to locate the premises of Jewish hermeneutics, and to understand the literary and historical proces that prevent access, and create misunderstandings which Mishlei is a crucial example. An important part of the introduction is also devoted to methodological problems of translation of biblical writings.

This study focuses on the work of Marcel Jousse, the 20th century French anthropologist, linguist, educationist and theologian who discovered and developed the Anthropology of Language, the study of human memory and expression, and their mutual transation. As central underpinning theory of the Anthropology of Language, Jousse identified the anthropology of Geste and Rhythm manifest in the Oral Style as gestual-visual/oral-aural mnemonic. In Memory, Memorisation and Memorisers in Ancient Galilee, the account of the transmission of the Besorah-Gospels in the intra-ethnic and extra-ethnic Galilean-Hellenic diaspora. Jousse demonstrates (I) the fidelity and accommodating fluidity of mnemonic Oral Style expression as support of human memory; (2) the role of the Metourgeman-Sunergos as interpreter-translator and scripter of the Besorah-Gospels; (3) the role of the Counting-necklaces constructed by Kepha-Peter and Shaoul-Paul as ordering and mnemonic support in the recounting the Deeds and Sayings of the Rabbi Ieshou"a of Galilee. In this thesis three kinds of translation are addressed. (I) It is about the translation of invisible and visceral memory into the visible and audible expression thereof in speech and movement for the purposes of learning, understanding and recording of the oral socio-cultural archive: Stylology manifest in rhythmo-stylistics, rhythmo-pedagogy and rhythmo-catechism; (2) it is about the translation of speech and movement into writing of two kinds: the recording of dictated texts in writing, (Memory, Memorisation and Memorisers in Ancient Galilee) and the putting-into- writing of memorised formulaic recitation, viz. rhythmo-stylistics, rhythmo-pedagogy and rhythmo-catechism; (3) it is about the translation of a specific and specialised technical texts from one (kind of) language to another: Memory, Memorisation and Memorisers in Ancient Galilee and Glossary of Joussea Concepts, Terms and Usage. The products of this study are: (I) a critical investigation and contextualised account of the perspective of Marcel Jousse on the operation of the invisible visceral metaphor called memory into the visible and audible expression thereof in speech and movement for the purposes of learning, understanding and recording of the oral socio-cultural archive in rhythmo-mnemonic expression (2) a proposed work-in-progress model for the presentation and analysis mnemonic Oral-style texts, viz. rhythmo-stylistics, rhythmo-pedagogy and rhythmo-catechism; (3) an annotated translation of Dernieres Dictees Memory, Memorisation and Memorisers in Ancient Galilee; (4) a glossary of specialised technical terms to be used in the interpretation of the works of Marcel Jousse compiled from Jousse's texts already translated into English: Jousse developed a specialised and complex terminology to explain his view of the origin and operation of mnemonic human expression. The Glossary documents this terminology, and demonstrates the translation of the concepts, and their usage by Jousse. This study is presented in three parts: Part One: Translations on and at the oral-literate interface; Part Two: Memory, Memorisation and Memorisers in Ancient Galilee - an annotated translation; Part Three: Glossary of Joussean Concepts Terms and Usage . / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.

India has complex and sophisticated oral tradition which ha s developed over millennia. The Sanskrit language has had an enormous influence over the whole of India, especially its oral tradition. The advent of the literate tradition in India which began approximately five thousand years ago preserved (in writing) much of the oral style elements. In chapter I of this dissertation the influence of the Sanskrit language and its oral transmission to various parts of the globe are briefly traced. Marcel Jousse, in the early part of this century, developed theories involving the anthropological basis governing human expression. These are rooted in mimism, bilateralism and formulism. Chapter 2 of this dissertation briefly outlines the principles of Jousse's theories and provides a brief overview of orality - literacy studies. The views of other experts in the field like Parry, Lord, Finnegan and Ong are also discussed. The Bhagavadgita (the chosen text) is a popular religious text among Indians. Its style encapsulates the oral style elements of Sanskrit literature. A brief summary of the first six discourses which cover the philosophy of Karma Yoga are provided in Chapter 3. Selected slokas (couplets) of these discourses are used as a basis to discuss certain formulaic techniques like a dialogue within a dialogue, application of the Parry-Lord theory, use of imagery (including simile, comparison and metaphor), use of honorific names and the significance of numbers as mnemotechnical devices. All these are elements of oral style. The discussion of the philosophy of Bhakti Yoga (Yoga of Devotion) takes up the next six discourses (discourses 7-12) of the Bhagavadg1ta. Chapter 4 provides a brief summary of these discourses. The elements of oral style which are i dentified and discussed among slokas (couplets) in these discourses are the propositional geste, parallelism, key words in a recitation and contextual meaning. The final chapter (chapter 5) deals with the philosophy of Jnana Yoga (Yoga of Knowledge). The slokas (couplets) of the next six discourses (13 - 18) which cover this philosophy are used as a basis to identify and discuss the nine characteristics of oral style as described by Ong, borrowing from other sources, alliteration and assonance which are further elements of the oral style. This dissertation concludes that the oral formulaic style has played a significant role in preserving the uniqueness, freshness and originality of the Bhagavadgita. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1995.

Abstract not available. / Thesis (M.A.) - University of Natal, Durban, 2000.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.

Abstract not available. / Thesis (M.A.) - University of Natal, Durban, 2000.

This study investigates the distinguishing characteristics and the modifications to the traditional male initiation ritual as practised in KwaBhaca in the Eastern Cape. The concerns surrounding the incidence of death and maiming from related traditions is also investigated. The study reveals that • the male initiation ritual is still highly regarded in KwaBhaca; • the male initiation ritual itself is still performed strictly traditionally in KwaBhaca; • the male initiation ritual as practised in KwaBhaca has been successfully performed with minimal negative incident attributable to the performance of traditional circumcision; • where there is incidence of a negative reaction, this is usually attributable to a prior health condition of the initiate, and in these circumstances, the initiate is referred to a medical doctor, on condition that the medical doctor is himself an initiate, and that the consultation will be conducted in a place deemed to be safe from spiritual contamination • incidences of maiming and death can be attributed to a number of causes, associated with poor practice and unacceptable conduct; • boys who do not undergo circumcision in the traditional fashion are not regarded as men and remain boys in the eyes of the community. This means that they have to forego participation in important socio-spiritual ceremonies; • there is a necessity to share the experience of the successful traditional circumcision process to avoid further misadventure, maiming and death; • it is not the mechanics of the process of traditional circumcision that endangers lives, but the poor practice of the iingcibi (traditional surgeons) and other significant role-players including the initiates; • The traditional teaching that accompanies the ritual of circumcision is as important, if not more important, than the ritual itself. The study concludes with a series of recommendations aimed at rehabilitating and supporting the continuation of this important and venerated tradition. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.