Esta dissertação tem como temática a relação entre a Antropologia do Direito e os Estudos Sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia no que tange a produção de laudos periciais por peritos criminais federais. Tendo o Grupo de Perícias de Laboratório do Setor Técnico-Científico da Superintendência Regional do Departamento de Polícia Federal de Porto Alegre como local privilegiado de observação, busca-se problematizar as relações entre ciência e direito assim como compreender, através do acompanhamento dos peritos criminais federais na sua atividade cotidiana, como atores e organizações mobilizam, justapõem e mantêm unidos os elementos para constituir, ao fim, um laudo pericial. Nesse sentido, parte-se da perspectiva de que as esferas do direito e da ciência não estão separadas, mas são coproduzidas. Logo, procura-se potencializar os laudos periciais através da descrição da rede que envolve a sua produção. Parte-se da hipótese de que os laudos não são apenas um processo de purificação, mas a complexificação de uma rede que, ao final, resulta em um ator pontualizado, sendo que este performatiza um ordenamento da realidade condizente com uma ontologia política específica. Acredita-se que, através dessa pesquisa, poder-se-á complexificar as discussões já alçadas pela Antropologia Brasileira sobre a produção de justiça e de ciência, assim como alimentar o debate político sobre os limites e as potencialidades dos usos de provas científicas nos tribunais brasileiros. / This dissertation is about the relation between the Anthropology of Law and Rights studies and the Social Studies of Science and Technology regarding the production of forensic reports by federal forensic investigators. Having the Forensic Laboratory of the Techno-scientific Bureau of the Regional Superintendence of the Federal Police Department (SETEC/SR/DPF) at Porto Alegre city as a privileged observation site, I seek to discuss the relationship between the science and the law as well as to complexify, while observing the everyday tasks of the forensic investigators, how actors and organizations mobilize, juxtapose and keep together the elements that will constitute, after all, a forensic report. That being said, it is assumed from the start that law and science are not separated instances, but are coproduced. Therefore, I seek to potentiate the forensic reports through the description of the network that enables their production. I start with the hypothesis that the reports are not only a process of purification, but the complexification of a network that, by the end of the process, results in a punctualised actor that performs an ordering of reality aligned with a specific ontological politic. It is believed that, through this research, it will be possible to complexify the discussions raised by Brazilian Anthropology about the production of justice and science and to nurture the political debate about the limitations and potentialities of the usage of scientific evidence in Brazilian courts.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Denis Donato Piasecki.pdf: 1427026 bytes, checksum: 3ca4cf51cdbd50ce50b1b55cad4452ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present dissertation aims to investigate the concept of death in the philosophy of Hegel. More precisely, it seeks to understand how the issue unfolds the problematic of death within the Hegelian system. Reading has undertaken here as a propositional guiding the determination that death, i.e., the absolute manifestation of contingency of finite beings, is a phenomenon necessary for the formation of the system itself. Thus it is intended to demonstrate the impossibility of considering the meaning of death, as found in the Hegelian text, only in the one-sidedness of his contingency sense, but that one must also understand the necessity of death as the supersession of contingency for speculative development of the spirit. To demonstrate such a reading, I will explore in the first chapter of this work on the role that contingency occupies in Hegel's philosophy; in the second chapter I will determine the meaning of ontological death and ontic death and the bond with the latter with the figure of aufheben as a supression and the sublation of contingency, and; finally, in the third chapter I will analyze the extent to which the theme of the death of God, as developed by Hegel, reconciles the ontological sense (systematic) and ontic (empirical) of death from the representation of the absolute death. / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal investigar o conceito de morte na filosofia de Hegel. Mais precisamente, busca compreender como se desdobra a problemática da morte no interior do sistema hegeliano. A leitura aqui empreendida tem como norteador proposicional a determinação de que a morte, ou seja, a manifestação absoluta da contingência dos entes finitos, é fenômeno necessário para a constituição do próprio sistema. Dessa forma se pretende demonstrar a impossibilidade de considerar o significado da morte, tal como se encontra no texto hegeliano, apenas na unilateralidade de seu sentindo contingencial, mas que também se deve entender a necessidade da morte como a suprassunção da contingência para o desenvolvimento especulativo do espírito. Para demonstração de tal leitura, irei me deter no primeiro capítulo deste trabalho sobre o papel que ocupa a contingência na filosofia de Hegel; no segundo capítulo delimitarei o sentido da morte ontológica e da morte ôntica e o vínculo desta última com a figura da aufheben como o suprimir e o suprassumir da contingência, e; por fim, analisarei no terceiro capítulo em que medida a tematização da morte de deus, tal como desenvolvida por Hegel, reconcilia o sentido ontológico (sistemático) e ôntico (empírico) da morte a partir da representação da morte do absoluto.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-05T10:27:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 leonardorezendemeireles.pdf: 894739 bytes, checksum: d23379e08d8a5e76762ee35c03d0e4f6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:57:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 leonardorezendemeireles.pdf: 894739 bytes, checksum: d23379e08d8a5e76762ee35c03d0e4f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:57:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leonardorezendemeireles.pdf: 894739 bytes, checksum: d23379e08d8a5e76762ee35c03d0e4f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o modo peculiar com que Paul Tillich desenvolve o conceito de fé. Neste intuito, prioriza-se o que o autor conceitua como fé, a partir de três conceitos fundamentais: ultimate concern, being grasped e Incondicional. Baseando-se na análise desses três conceitos, é possível definir o que é a fé e o que a fé não é. Nesta tarefa analítica, especial atenção é dada ao conceito de fé como algo humano e, ao mesmo tempo divino e, como a fé tem relação com alguns dos conceitos que são a base da teologia e filosofia de Tillich, dentre os quais se destacam; a cultura, a religião, a revelação, o método de correlação, os símbolos religiosos e a razão ontológica. Acrescentem-se, ainda, abordagens do conceito de fé idólatra e do conceito de fé absoluta e suas peculiaridades. Finalmente, apresenta-se a distinção entre os domínios da fé e a razão pensada em seu sentido técnico e a relação harmônica entre a fé e a razão ontológica. / This research aims to analyze the peculiarity of Paul Tillich's concept of faith. To do that, the focus is put on three concepts: ultimate concern, being grasped and Inconditional. Based on the analysis of these three concepts, it is possible to define what faith is, and what, in Tillichs point of view, faith is not. In this analytical task, special attention is given to the of the concept of faith as something simultaneously human and divine, and to how real faith relates with several concepts which are the base of Tillich's theology and philosophy, among whose are stressed: culture, religion, revelation, correlation method, religious symbols and ontological reason. Also a treatment of the concepts of idolatrous faith and of absolute faith is developed. Finally, the distinction between the realms of faith and reason, the last conceived in its technical sense, and the harmonious relation between faith and ontological reason are presented.

Submitted by Tânia Maria Oliveira Almeida Gouveia (almeida.tania@globo.com) on 2013-12-16T13:21:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Tânia Maria de Oliveira Almeida Gouveia.pdf: 1262465 bytes, checksum: 59168773b7d37540985bb2b82ea64d65 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2013-12-18T14:29:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Tânia Maria de Oliveira Almeida Gouveia.pdf: 1262465 bytes, checksum: 59168773b7d37540985bb2b82ea64d65 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2014-01-02T19:02:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Tânia Maria de Oliveira Almeida Gouveia.pdf: 1262465 bytes, checksum: 59168773b7d37540985bb2b82ea64d65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-02T19:23:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Tânia Maria de Oliveira Almeida Gouveia.pdf: 1262465 bytes, checksum: 59168773b7d37540985bb2b82ea64d65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-25 / In this thesis, we talk about the socially constructed body, the body which is linked to subjectivity and to the identity ofthe individual, and which is impregnated by social and cultural elements. According to Giddens (2009), controlling the body is essential to the individual as to preserve what the author calls ontological security - which brings personal meaning to the individual's !ife and provides points of reference to help him carry on. In the consumer culture, appearance tends to be standardized; and, the cult of the body, among other things, has a selfindulgence appeal. Our main goal is to understand - within the context of normative aesthetics - the discourse and consumption practices of individuaIs in relation to their own bodies, identifying how it connects to their ontological security. In order to achieve this goal, we will: (a) understllIld how the individual sees hisl hers own body, assessing how it relates to their ontologicill'iecurity, (b) examine the presence ofthe market discourse in the tripod 'individualbody - ontological security', (c) identify and arialyze discursive elements as related to physical appearance; trying to understand the role of consumption in this context, (d) investigate the motivations that lead the individual to act, or not, in accordance to the aesthetic norm, analyzing body related consumer practices. The primary data collection was done through qualitative interviews. Respondents were men and women of varied professional activities, 18-50 years, belonging to classes A, B and C (ABEP, 2012), ali ofthem !iving in Rio de Janeiro. Field work was performed from October 2012 to July 2013. The data was ana1yzed using the approach of discourse analysis, considering the French school, particularly Pecheux's view. In line with authors such as Giddens (2002), Goffman (1978) and Schouten (1991), the research concludes that the body is an important part in the individual's notion of self and is also part of the construction of hislher identity. How the individual handles the market's normative message gives us c\ues about his ontological security. The ontologically secure individual is not one who dismisses the market and whose body related consumption practices escape the aesthetic norm. What differentiates a person whose ontological security is fragile is their motivation to adhere to certain stimu!i; and, how he/she deals with their consumer choices. We conclude that the individual with ontological security is less anxious about body related consumption options; and that he/she does not have somebody else's view of their body as a shadow when making decisions about their own appearance. In contrast, individuais without ontological security are more anxious when facing the market's message. There is, to a certain extent, anguish about not meeting these standards; and the body's aesthetic appearance becomes an important part oftheir lives. / Nesta tese, falamos do corpo construído socialmente, vinculado à subjetividade e à identidade do indivíduo e que está impregnado por elementos sociais e culturais. Para Giddens (2009), o controle do corpo é fundamental para que o indivíduo preserve aquilo que o autor chama de segurança ontológica – ou seja, para que ele tenha um sentido pessoal para a vida e pontos de referência que o ajudem a seguir adiante no cotidiano. Na cultura de consumo, sua aparência tende a ser normatizada e o culto ao corpo, entre outros aspectos, tem o apelo de autoindulgência. Nosso objetivo principal é compreender, dentro de um contexto de normatividade estética, o discurso e as práticas de consumo dos indivíduos em relação ao próprio corpo, identificando de que modo isso se conecta à sua segurança ontológica. Para alcançar esse objetivo, procuramos: (a) entender o olhar o indivíduo em relação a seu próprio corpo, avaliando de que forma isso tem relação com sua segurança ontológica; (b) examinar a presença do mercado no tripé indivíduo-corpo-segurança ontológica; (c) identificar e analisar elementos discursivos relacionados à aparência física, procurando entender o papel do consumo nesse contexto e (d) investigar as motivações que levam o indivíduo a agir ou não em conformidade com a norma estética, analisando as práticas de consumo relacionadas ao corpo. A coleta de dados primários foi feita por meio de entrevistas qualitativas. Foram entrevistados homens e mulheres, de atividades profissionais variadas, de 18 a 50 anos, pertencentes às classes A, B e C (ABEP, 2012), todos eles residentes no Rio de Janeiro. Este campo aconteceu no período de outubro de 2012 a julho de 2013. Os dados foram analisados a partir da abordagem de análise do discurso, considerando-se sua linha francesa e, particularmente a visão pecheutiana. Esta pesquisa conclui, em linha com autores como Giddens (2002), Goffman (1978) e Schouten (1991), que o corpo é algo importante na noção do indivíduo sobre si mesmo e faz parte de sua construção identitária. Além disso, a maneira como o sujeito lida com a mensagem normativa do mercado traz indícios sobre sua segurança ontológica. O indivíduo ontologicamente seguro não é aquele que descarta o mercado e cujas práticas de consumo relativas ao corpo fogem à norma estética. O que o diferencia daquele cuja segurança ontológica é frágil é sua motivação para aderir a determinado estímulo e a forma como ele lida com essas escolhas de consumo. Depreendemos que o indivíduo com segurança ontológica tem menos ansiedade em suas opções relativas ao corpo e não tem o olhar do outro como uma sombra quando toma decisões sobre sua própria aparência. Diferentemente, os indivíduos sem segurança ontológica são mais ansiosos diante da mensagem do mercado. Há, em algum grau, sofrimento quando não atendem a norma estética e, portanto, a aparência do corpo ganha um espaço importante em suas vidas.

In this thesis I have combined cognitive metaphor theory, based mostly on the theories of the book Metaphors we live by by Lakoff & Johnson, with translation theory in order to try and show how the former can contribute with useful analytical tools within me- taphor translation. More specifically, my objective is to try and show how the knowled- ge of how metaphor works according to the cognitive perspective can help translating metaphors in a way that corresponds to the recommendations established by Peter Newmark (1992), i.e. try to maintain, in as much as posible, both grammatical structure and semantics. Through a qualitative analysis I considered gramatical structure and se- mantics of three original literary metaphors taken from the swedish book ”Gösta Ber- lings saga” by Selma Lagerlöf, and their translations to spanish made by Slaby (1955). I identified how well the translations corresponded to the recommendations of Newmark, as well as suggested new translations based on the results of the cognitive analysis. As a result we could see the importance, not only of maintaining both source domain and tar- get domain of the original metaphor, or at least the epistemical correspondences in case the source domain changed, but also the ontological correspondences, the specific con- tact, that the original metaphor establishes between these two domains, for a translation that better follows the norms defined by Newmark. In other words, limited to these th- ree examples, I managed to confirm that a cognitive approach to metaphor can be very useful within translation.

Les poèmes de Guillevic constituent des tentatives sans cesse réitérées de dire l’ineffable du monde, de le nommer et d’apprivoiser un monde vécu comme une menace. Ces poèmes présentent donc l’actualisation des verbes être et avoir dans des énoncés définitoires, des tours présentatifs et des structures clivées, à une très haute fréquence. Par ailleurs, ces énoncés s’écartent régulièrement de la norme syntaxique. Cette thèse se propose de fonder un travail d’analyse stylistique à partir de l’étude syntaxique et sémantique des verbes être et avoir en prenant pour unité d’analyse le texte – c’est-à-dire en considérant ces verbes comme ne prenant tout leur sens que dans leurs rapports avec l’ensemble du poème où ils s’insèrent – pour mettre en évidence le désir qu’a le poète de lutter contre l’instabilité et la fragilité d’un univers, sans cesse sous la menace d’un délitement, en lui donnant substance. Nous montrerons également que la poétique guillevicienne est une poétique du fragment : se caractérisant par ses lacunes, ses trouées, cette écriture est apte à dire un univers en miettes, sous le signe de la déchirure et de l’isolement. Mais elle est plus précisément le lieu d’une tension entre fragmentation et cohésion : l’écriture chez le poète est fondamentalement poiein et a une fonction réparatrice : il s’agit de retisser des liens entre les hommes et le monde et d’apprendre à vivre ensemble. Poésie à dimension éthique, elle s’efforce de définir un nouvel ordre, en abolissant les hiérarchies dans et par le langage : les constituants du réel et mots dans la phrase ont tous une même importance. Enfin, définir êtres et choses permet au poète de construire un projet ontologique : d’une part, être, c’est mener une inlassable enquête pour comprendre (au propre comme au figuré) le monde, d’autre part, la réalité étant maîtrisée, être, c’est vivre dans la plénitude de l’instant. / Guillevic’s poems are endlessly-repeated attempts to tell the ineffable in the world, to name it and to tame reality which is felt as a threat. These poems very often include the verbs "être" and "avoir" in definitional phrases, in turns of phrases which indicate something exists, in cleft sentences. Let it be noted that these sentences quite regularly break with commonly accepted grammatical rules. In this thesis, we intend to make a stylistic analysis which will rely on the syntactic and semantic study of the verbs "être" and "avoir". This study will use the text as a unit for analysis which implies that we consider that these verbs are meaningful only in so far as they connect with the whole poem they are part of. Our purpose is to bring to light the poet’s desire of giving substance to a world which is under constant threat of crumbling down, and fighting against its instability and frailty. We’ll also show that Guillevic’s poetics is a poetics of fragments. This writing features gaps, loopholes, elliptic phrases, and is well-suited to tell about a world which is falling apart, a lonely and fractured world. But it is more precisely the seat of a tension between splitting up and cohesion : for the poet, writing is fundamentally "poiein " and has got a repairing function. It consists in weaving again bonds between human beings and the world and in learning to live together. This poetics with an ethical dimension tries to define a new order, abolishing hierarchies in and through language : all the constituents of reality and the words in the sentence share the same importance. At last, defining living beings and things allows the poet to build an ontological project : on the one hand, being is leading an unremitting investigation to understand the world, on the other hand, and so far as reality is under control, being is living in the fulfilment of the instant.

This study examines how the meanings of onomatopoeic phrasal verbs are created and in which register these verbs are most frequently used. Through the study of previous research on the subject qualities of onomatopoeia and phrasal verbs are identified. Based on this a framework for identifying phrasal verbs and categorizing the meanings of onomatopoeic verbs and particles was created. Using the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), a study of concordance lines and frequency in different registers was carried out on 50 onomatopoeic phrasal verbs. These verbs were constructed from ten mono-syllabic onomatopoeic verbs and three opposite pairs of spatial adverbs. The study found that several metaphorical meanings of the onomatopoeic verbs examined were not listed in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). The meanings of the particles were strongly linked to metaphorical structures.The conclusion of this study was that onomatopoeic verbs possess a flexibility that allows them to create a variety of different meanings. Furthermore, the types of meaning can be categorized after a pattern, although this pattern is often not found in the dictionary. The onomatopoeic phrasal verbs studied were most frequent in the fiction register, more so than other phrasal verbs. Understanding of the metaphorical nature of particles such as up and down is imperative to understand how the meaning of a phrasal verb is created. This should be taken into consideration when teaching English as a second language or creating a dictionary.

Chez les Mayas Actuels (MA), de nombreux symbolismes révèlent des symétries brisées qui laissent penser à une propriété du noyau de la matière, la rupture spontanée de symétrie. Ce travail, traite de la genèse et du maintien des Principes Fondateurs (PF) chez les MA. Un savoir, issu d’une certaine connaissance de la matière, porterait ces PF à travers le temps, par répétition, en se transmettant chez les MA au moyen de leurs Espaces de Représentation Symbolique. La Matrice de Référence Maya, une Matrice Ontologique du Savoir particulière, sous-tendrait leurs PF. L’exploration de leurs modes de vie montre comment ces PF nourrissent le moi en tant que substrat permanent et façonnent le sujet transcendantal. Les supports pédagogiques semailles du maïs, tissus et cérémonies traités révèlent l’existence d’un habitus particulier, la cosmovision des MA, et permettent de savoir où, pourquoi et comment s’accomplissent la genèse et le maintien de leurs PF. / At the Actual Mayas (MA), numerous symbolisms reveal broken symmetries that feel like a property of the core material, the spontaneous break of symmetry. This work, milking of the genesis and maintain of the Founding Principles (PF) at the MA. A knowing, stemming from certain knowledge of the material, would carry these PF through time, by repetition, and would passed on to the MA by means of their Spaces of Symbolic Representation.The Reference matrix Maya, an Ontological particular Matrix of the knowing,would underlie their PF. The exploration of their way of life shows how this PF is nourishing the self as permanent substratum and shape the transcendental subject. The teaching aids sowings of corns, tissues and ceremonies treated reveal the existence of a particular Habitus, the Cosmovision of MA, and allow to know where, why and how come true the genesis and the maintain of their PF.

In this dissertation, we introduce a novel text representation method mainly used for text classification purpose. The presented representation method is initially based on a variety of closeness relationships between pairs of words in text passages within the entire corpus. This representation is then used as the basis for our multi-level lightweight ontological representation method (TOR-FUSE), in which documents are represented based on their contexts and the goal of the learning task. The method is unlike the traditional representation methods, in which all the documents are represented solely based on the constituent words of the documents, and are totally isolated from the goal that they are represented for. We believe choosing the correct granularity of representation features is an important aspect of text classification. Interpreting data in a more general dimensional space, with fewer dimensions, can convey more discriminative knowledge and decrease the level of learning perplexity. The multi-level model allows data interpretation in a more conceptual space, rather than only containing scattered words occurring in texts. It aims to perform the extraction of the knowledge tailored for the classification task by automatic creation of a lightweight ontological hierarchy of representations. In the last step, we will train a tailored ensemble learner over a stack of representations at different conceptual granularities. The final result is a mapping and a weighting of the targeted concept of the original learning task, over a stack of representations and granular conceptual elements of its different levels (hierarchical mapping instead of linear mapping over a vector). Finally the entire algorithm is applied to a variety of general text classification tasks, and the performance is evaluated in comparison with well-known algorithms.

The Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry involves multiple disciplines and activities throughout the Building Lifecycle Stages (BLS). To enable collaboration amongst these disciplines iterative and coordinated exchange of information is required. This improves the design process over multiple BLS. Since the last decade, BIM is a well-known approach to achieve collaboration through semantic representation and exchange of domain data. Despite the improvement, there is a lack of efficient implementation and management of building lifecycle functionalities in existing BIM solutions, because of their fundamental heterogeneity, complexity and adaptability. This research focuses on these issues and addresses a clear perception through analysis of BLS from various standards and norms. The paper concentrates on the demonstration of efficient representation of various BLS through the ontological approach and their effective involvement in BIM data management. With the validation and evaluation through SPARQL queries, this paper presents an ontological framework for building lifecycle data management.:ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND RELATED RESEARCH WORK ONTOLOGY-BASED BLS DATA MANAGEMENT VALIDATION CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES