Kommunala besparingar är ett återkommande, och högaktuellt, fenomen. I bespa-ringstider försätts lokala politiker i situationer där prioriteringar behöver göras, gällande resursfördelning. Historien visar att redan utsatta människor, som har be-gränsade möjligheter till att få sina röster hörda, i tillfällen som dessa kan hamna än mer i skymundan. Det är ofta verksamheter som vänder sig till att kunna stötta enskilda individer som lever med funktionsnedsättning som blir bortprioriterade. Dessa former av verksamheter kan exempelvis vara den som är i fokus för denna studie; särskilda bostäder inom LSS för individer inom pk1, som lever med intel-lektuella- eller neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar, såsom autism.I besparingstider kan det hävdas att både enskilda individerna, samt det yrkesverk-samma inom särskilda LSS-boenden för pk1 blir påverkade. Denna kandidatupp-sats syftar därför till att försöka redogöra för upplevelser som boendepersonal kan tänkas ha kring arbetssituationen, under dessa förhållanden. Både gällande deras arbetsmiljö, deras insatser till stödanvändare och gällande hanteringen av ett allt mer begränsat handlingsutrymme. Sammanfattningsvis visar resultaten att boen-depersonalen befinner sig i en så kallad “ond cirkel”, där arbetsmiljö och insatser till stödanvändare brister men kvalitetssäkring genom avvikelsehanteringen bort-prioriteras. Boendepersonalen åtar sig ansvaret för att de ej kan tillfredsställa de behov som stödanvändarna har, i den omfattning som behövs. Således blir vissa målformuleringar, enligt LSS (1993:387), emellanåt svåra att uppfylla, till följd av olika målkonflikter, som kan hävdas bli än mer aktuella i besparingstider. / The Swedish law called LSS can enable extensive support for people with special needs so they can live a life like any other. While the Swedish municipalities have the main responsibility to enable this support, economic savings are now current in many of the different municipalities. The aim of this study was therefore to ex-plore the staff's experiences from working in LSS-operations, like group homes for individuals with autism, cognitive- and developmental disabilities, during mu-nicipality savings. To explore this, semi-structured interviews were used as a base for a thematic analysis.The findings show that staff within LSS group homes sometimes feel that their re-sources are inadequate, that their work conditions are stressful and sometimes can result in an emotional tare regarding bad consciousness towards the individuals living there. The results also show a vicious circle, where lack of time often means that the staff priorities other assignments other than paperwork regarding quality improvements. The consequences of a municipality saving mode can nonetheless be the most noticeable for the individual in need of the support. It can harm an individual's living conditions and empowerment. The conclusion from this is that the conflicting objectives from politicians, organizations, and the law LSS, often results in consequences for staff and individuals during municipality savings.

Bakgrund: Fetma är ett kroniskt hälsotillstånd som ökat kraftigt i alla delar av samhället. Det leder till en rad hälsoproblem såsom hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar och diabetes. Studier visar att patienter med fetma ofta utsätts för stigmatisering i vården och att det påverkar vårdkvalitén. För att kunna ge optimal vård är det av vikt att förstå vårdpersonalens erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med fetma. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva vårdpersonals erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med övervikt och fetma. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på nio kvalitativa studier publicerade 2010–2020. Litteratursökning gjordes i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Analysen gjordes enligt Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Utifrån analysen skapades två huvudteman med tre underteman vardera. Resultatets huvudteman är: Kunskap och färdigheter samt Rädsla, osäkerhet och frustration.  Konklusion: Vårdpersonal upplever vårdandet av patienter med fetma som svårt och det försvåras ytterligare av organisation och samhällsaspekter. En högre prioritering av fetma, tydliga riktlinjer och samarbete inom vård och samhälle behövs för att förbättra vårdupplevelsen för både vårdpersonal och patient. Mer forskning och en aktiv debatt kring vårdandet av patienter med fetma behövs       Nyckelord: Erfarenheter, fetma, hälso- och sjukvårdsprioriteringar, vård av fetma, vårdpersonal-patientrelationer / Background: Obesity is a chronic health condition that has increased in all parts of society in later years. Obesity leads to many health issues such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Studies has shown that patients with obesity are often stigmatized in a health care setting, which effects the quality of the care provided. It is of importance to understand health care professionals’ experiences of providing care to patients with obesity. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe health care professionals’ experiences of providing care to overweight and obese patients. Methods: A literature review based on nine qualitative studies published 2010-2020. Studies were found in the databases PubMed and CINAHL. The analysis was conducted using Freberg's five step model. Results: The analysis provided two main themes with three subthemes each. The themes were: Knowledge and skills and Fear, insecurity and frustration. Conclusion: Health care personnel experience providing care to patients with obesity as being difficult and made harder by organizational and societal aspects. A higher priority of obesity as well as clear guidelines and increased cooperation in health care and society is needed to improve both the care provided and the experience of providing care.  More research and an active debate relating obesity care is needed.         Keywords: Experience, Health Priorities, obesity, obesity care, professional-patient relations

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L’objectif de cette thèse est double. D’une part, il convient de montrer que la réforme de l’État libanais ne progresse pas depuis l’accord de Taëf. Aujourd’hui, le Liban fait face à un blocage en raison de la controverse opposant les partis et forces politiques du pays autour de cette question. D’autre part, il s’agit d’identifier cette controverse sur la base de leurs priorités électorales et de la légitimité des coalitions qu’ils forment.Dans la première partie, nous avons exploré la structure de la Constitution, l'évolution des relations entre les partis libanais et l’État, et la typologie des partis libanais. À l’issue de cette partie, nous avons présenté les diverses tentatives de réforme effectuées dans les domaines du social, de l’économie, de la justice, de la défense, des relations extérieures et de l'environnement.Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons analysé les programmes électoraux présentés par les partis à l’occasion des élections parlementaires et municipales des années 1993, 1996, 1998, 2000 et 2004. Nous avons accordé une large place au projet porté par le Premier ministre Rafic Hariri, concernant la reconstruction du pays et surtout de Beyrouth après des années de guerre. Les diverses positions des partis envers ce projet ont aussi été récapitulées.Dans la troisième partie, nous avons procédé à une étude comparative des programmes électoraux des partis lors des deux élections parlementaires libanaises de 2005 et 2009. Nous avons vu que la transformation du système partisan ont entraîné des changements en termes de priorités électorales au sein des partis ; d’où l’émergence d’autres conceptions de la réforme de l’État. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous avons proposé une étude de terrain portant sur trois principaux éléments: la participation des jeunes Libanais, leurs visions sur les priorités de la réforme de l’État, et leurs perceptions des forces au pouvoir et des partis politiques dans ce processus de réforme. Enfin, nous avons interviewé des membres et des responsables de partis, afin de cerner leurs points de vue et de déterminer si, selon eux, il existe une solution à la crise que vit l’État libanais. Cette étude nous a permis d’ouvrir des nouvelles voies de recherche pour l’avenir du Liban. / This study has a dual aim: On the one hand, addressing the failure of the Lebanese state’s reform process, because of the parties dispute over it, since the Taif Agreement until today. And on the other hand it aims to identify this dispute from these parties electoral priorities and their political coalitions perspective In the first part, we explored the structure of the Lebanese Constitution, the evolving relationship between parties and the state, and then the political and the typology of these parties. Finally, in this part, we addressed reform efforts in various areas such as: social, economic, justice, defense, environment, and foreign relationships.In the second part, we analyzed the election programs during different parliamentary and municipal elections of 1993, 1996, 1998, 2000 and 2004. This led us to focus on Prime Minister Rafic Hariri's project to rebuild the country, in particular, Beirut after the civil war and the position of the parties concerning this project.In the third part, we made a comparative study for the parties' election programs for the two parliamentary elections of 2005 and 2009. It was noted that the transformation accord in the party system has led to changes in the electoral priorities of the parties and thus in their perspectives towards the reform of the State. In the last chapter, we made a field study on the participation of the Lebanese youth, their views on the priorities of the reform of the state, and their perceptions of the Parliament’s role, the government and the political parties' role in the process of the State reform. Finally, we interviewed members and leaders of the political parties to stand at their views on solving the crisis of the Lebanese state. We hope this study will contribute in opening new horizons for the future of Lebanon.

Teachers work within a context of competing stories, including pressures regarding English language learners (ELLs), a deficit view of teachers, and high-stakes testing and accountability, all of which impact teachers' emotions. Within this context, teachers prioritize what is most important to them. This self-study using narrative inquiry methods lays the author's stories of teaching alongside those of two other teachers of ELLs. The author conducted a series of interviews with the participants, analyzed the interviews for themes and tensions, negotiated meaning with participants, and created interim texts to represent the participants' priorities in teaching ELLs. Three teachers' priorities, as indicated by their stories of teaching, are relationships with students, and helping students continue to progress. Implications include the importance of teachers' understanding of their own priorities, which helps alleviate some of the pressure that teachers are under, positively impacting students as well. Recommended research includes future research on teachers' priorities regarding their ELL students, and further self-studies with narrative inquiry methods.

Denna studie undersöker nyanställda musiklärare i grundskolan utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Studien undersöker vilka artefakter de använder när de bedömer och vilka prioriteringar som görs. Studien bygger på tre intervjuer i fokusgrupper som analyserats med tematisk analys. Tidigare forskning framhäver att lärare byter jobb allt oftare och att lärarens förmåga att bygga relationer är av stor betydelse för undervisningens kvalitet. Det finns mycket forskat på hur nyutexaminerade musiklärare agerar i sin första yrkesroll. Vissa menar dock på att det kan finnas likheter som berör alla nyanställda, oavsett hur mycket eller lite erfarenhet de har sen innan, därtill sällar sig denna studie. Föreliggande studie finner att nyanställda musiklärare använder flera olika slags artefakter vid bedömning, så som olika typer av planering, skriftliga anteckningar och videoupptagningar. Nyanställda musiklärare prioriterar, enligt denna studie, att fokusera på att strukturera sin musiksal, bygga relation till sina nya elever och kollegor samt kartlägga elevernas aktuella kunskaps och färdighetsnivå för att på så vis handskas med stressen av att vara nyanställd. / This study investigates newly hired music teachers in the elementary school from a sociocultural perspective. The study investigates how they assess their students, which artifacts they use for this, and which priorities they make. The data for the study was collected from interviews in three focus groups. This was then analyzed using thematic analysis within a sociocultural perspective. Previous research shows that teachers change schools more and more often. Furthermore, the teacher’s ability to build relationships has a major impact on the quality of the teaching according to previous research. There is research on how newly examined music teachers act at their first job, however there is also research indicating that there might be similarities amongst newly hired music teachers regardless of their prior working experience. This study is an example of such research. This study finds that newly hired music teachers use many different artifacts as they assess. These can be for instance different types of planning, written notes, and video records. According to the present study, newly hired music teachers prioritize creating a structure in their music room, building relationships with their new pupils and colleagues, and mapping the current level of their student's knowledge and abilities to handle the stress of being a newly hired teacher.

Everyone will probably be given healthcare at some point in life, and might ask themselves how and why the healthcare is distributed the way it is in Swedish society. I also believe this is a matter where one would like the distribution of healthcare to be just. When I have read about different distribution theories, I have noticed similarities between the healthcare in Sweden and Rawls theory of justice, and the aim of this paper is to compare the Swedish ethical consideration on healthcare distribution with Rawls’s ideas. I find the three ethical principles stated by the Swedish Health Care and Medical Priorities Commission conform quite well with Rawls’s two principles of justice. They agree on equal healthcare distribution of resources on a population scale and that the ones in most need should be prioritised. Although, Rawls and Norman Daniels believe that only the equal opportunity to healthcare in order to strive for one’s life plans is valued, while the ethical principle of Swedish healthcare also adds an egalitarian adjustment of resources to people not living healthy. Normans’ interpretation of Rawls ideas argues to elevate individuals’ health to what is thought of as normal biological functioning, while my interpretation of Swedish ethical principles do not forbid elevating beyond the normal functioning. It might be impossible to make an ideal distribution of healthcare completely just, but I believe the Swedish healthcare distribution would be more just if it adheres more to Rawls’s principle of justice.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Nursing Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / The purpose of this study was to develop a training programme to facilitate the implementation of the 6 Ministerial Priorities by Professional Nurses in the Health Care facilities in Limpopo Province. The purpose of the training programme was to capacitate the Professional Nurses to enable them to facilitate the implementation of the 6 Ministerial Priorities in the Health Care facilities of Limpopo to improve the provision of quality service. The study was conducted in three phases, namely, qualitative, quantitative and development of a training programme. Phenomenological semi structured one-to-one interviews were conducted to explore the perceptions of Professional Nurses on the implementation of the 6 Ministerial Priorities in the public hospitals in Limpopo Province. Interviews were conducted until saturation was reached. Themes and sub-themes were coded manually. The results of the qualitative phase were used to develop a questionnaire for the quantitative phase. Self-administered quantitative questionnaires were given to Professional Nurses to describe their experiences, knowledge and perceptions on the implementation of the 6 Ministerial Priorities in the Health Care facilities of Limpopo. The results that emerged from the integration of qualitative and quantitative results revealed that 6 Ministerial Priorities were not implemented effectively in the Health Care facilities due to challenges such as shortage of Professional Nurses and cleaners, shortage of cleaning material, linen and patients clothing. Shortage of medication, lack of in-service training on the 6 Ministerial Priorities and lack of orientation programme for the newly appointed Professional Nurses. These challenges affected the implementation of 6 Ministerial Priorities negatively thus compromising the provision of quality patient care. The training programme was developed for Professional Nurses to capacitate them on the facilitation of the implementation of the 6 Ministerial Priorities to improve quality care.

The purpose of this thesis is to increase the understanding of supply network configuration (SNC) for small series production in high-cost contexts in relation to the textile/apparel industry. SNC encompasses strategic structural and infrastructural decisions at the supply chain level, motivated by capabilities/priorities. The key configuration decisions addressed concern textile/apparel production in Europe, with associated context-specific advantages and challenges. The thesis takes a particular focus on how practitioners consider these configurations and motivations. The thesis begins with identification of motivations for locating textile/apparel production in high-cost contexts, to capture the driving priorities. Thereafter, the thesis extends the focus beyond location motivations to identify the key SNC aspects and characteristics for small series production in high-cost contexts. These configuration-related aspects and capabilities are elaborated upon and modelled to understand how they are interrelated in textile/apparel industry contexts. The empirical work uses mixed-methods and seeks to bring together the relevant topics using a SNC and capabilities approach. The specific methods, Delphi study and interpretive structural modeling, are focused on sensitivity practitioner perspectives. Findings show multiple key motivations/capabilities for high-cost textile/apparel production, specifically small series production (customization); which is closely linked with several other priorities, including quality and flexibility/delivery. Expanding the view to the SNC aspects, the findings confirm and extend the literature regarding complexities, multi-level characteristics, synergies and trade-offs, and industry/location contingencies. Regarding this European textile/apparel context, several interrelated considerations create challenges with respect to balancing configuration, capabilities and location; in particular related to multiple priorities such as flexibility/delivery, quality, innovation/sustainability, and the level of product variety/customization. Several relational characteristics are also crucial, including focus on trust and information sharing, although, with a few significant exceptions, limited supplier integration levels are found. These findings indicate the need to build upon existing relationships to develop end-to-end digital connections. The thesis approaches issues at the intersection of theory and practice, regarding configuring supply networks for small series production in high-cost contexts. Practically, it develops an approach to evaluate and model decision aspects, demonstrating how this can be used with a variety of textile/apparel companies. Several extensions are required to support current and future state mapping, including developments related to the method and the addition of performance considerations. The thesis contributes to theory by broadening the focus on high-cost locations to include small series production and the SNC perspective. Thus, the research confirms multiple priorities including innovation and sustainability; additionally finding several challenges associated with small series textile/apparel production in high-cost contexts. Further research should extend the focus to understand (re)configuration processes, and implications on priorities like sustainable innovation.