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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

A integração precária e a resistência indígena na periferia da metróple / The precarious integration and indigenous resistance on the periphery of the metropolis

Camila Salles de Faria 12 December 2008 (has links)
Trata-se de um debate sobre os processos de mudanças ocorridos nas aldeias indígenas Guarani Mbya do Jaraguá, localizadas na zona noroeste do município de São Paulo. Estes processos são decorrentes dos conflitos de duas diferentes lógicas que coexistem no mesmo espaço, em uma porção da periferia da metrópole. É o embate entre a lógica capitalista, hegemônica na metrópole, que produz seu espaço, a propriedade privada, que tenta moldar o espaço da comunidade indígena e a lógica indígena, oposta a acumulação. Neste sentido, obrigaram os indígenas à aceitação de um espaço produzido pelo Estado, Terra Indígena (T.I.), e limitado pelo processo de periferização da metrópole. Porém, não sem reação, já que os indígenas ocupam outras áreas, e formam novas aldeias. Assim, este processo pode ser lido através da contradição integração/desintegração deste povo no que se pode chamar de universo urbano. Porém, este é um processo contraditório que não se realiza de forma integral, revelando sua negatividade através de outro momento, a resistência. A resistência suposta pelo uso e apropriação que a comunidade exerce através de suas relações sociais fundamentadas por sua cultura é que vai produzir um espaço diferenciado dentro da metrópole paulistana, um espaço considerado de resistência. / The dissertation deals with changes occurred in the Guarani indigenous settlements of Mbya, in Jaraguá, in the northwestern part of the city of São Paulo. These changes are brought about by the clash between two different but coexisting logics on the outskirts of the metropolis: the capitalistic logic, which is prevalent and produces its own space, that of private property, all the while trying to shape the space of the indigenous community; and the indigenous logic, which challenges the process of accumulation. As a result of this clash, the indigenous group was forced to accept an area (Indigenous Land, T.I.) established by the state and restricted by the growth of the urban periphery. However, the indigenous groups offer resistance by establishing new settlements in other areas, which allowed us to interpret this process as a contradiction between the integration and the disintegration of these people in what has been called urban universe. This contradictory process cannot come to an end because it carries its negative moment: resistance. The resistance that stems from the use and appropriation of space by the community social and cultural relations produces a different space within the metropolis of São Paulo, a space of resistance.
32

Da noção de violência urbana à compreensão da violência do processo de urbanização: apontamentos para uma inversão analítica a partir da Geografia Urbana / From the notion of urban violence to an understanding of the violence of the urbanization process: notes towards an analytic inversion in Urban Geography

Renata Alves Sampaio 08 March 2012 (has links)
Este trabalho procura revelar um movimento do pensamento teórico. Esse pensamento parte de uma consideração ou reconhecimento: o da pertinência da noção de violência urbana para o entendimento dos conteúdos da problemática urbana que se anuncia no mundo moderno. O processo investigativo, no entanto, revelou os limites explicativos do termo violência urbana, completamente definido e confundido no âmbito das Ciências Humanas, de um modo geral - com a noção de criminalidade. Essa identidade (violência-criminalidade) coloca problemas à análise crítica do urbano, e obscurece os caminhos para o desvendamento da essência dos conteúdos da prática social que pretendem ser expressos por meio do termo violência urbana. Do reconhecimento dos limites, o pensamento se movimenta para um segundo momento da pesquisa: o do reconhecimento da insuficiência da noção de violência urbana para o desvendamento da relação entre violência e problemática urbana. A partir desse movimento, o objeto da pesquisa se mobiliza. Posto que nossas perguntas essenciais não puderam ser suficientemente respondidas a partir da noção de violência urbana, uma inversão analítica se pôs como necessidade. Para além da noção de criminalidade, o objetivo da pesquisa passa a ser o desvendamento da constituição de uma violência que está necessariamente fundamentada e articulada com os processos de produção do espaço urbano e de reprodução das relações sociais. Procura-se, assim, refletir não mais sobre a violência urbana, mas o próprio processo de urbanização como um processo essencialmente violento. Para isso, definimos três vias de entrada para acessar os conteúdos propriamente violentos do processo de urbanização, a fim de revelar como forças intencionais e provocadoras de profundos danos sociais se realizariam no urbano. Em primeiro lugar, consideramos o papel da propriedade privada da terra, como um dos fundamentos que realiza a violência do processo de urbanização. Procuramos compreender em que medida a violência é representada pelos processos de expropriação e segregação, ligados estruturalmente à instituição da propriedade privada da terra como fundamento da urbanização. Em segundo lugar, destacamos o papel do Estado - representado pelo urbanismo/planejamento urbano na produção do espaço urbano e na reprodução das relações de troca, cujo conteúdo imanente é a violência. Por fim, procuramos desvendar como alguns dos constrangimentos postos no e pelo processo de urbanização capitalista constituem, ao nível da vida cotidiana, formas de manifestação da violência intimamente ligada a esse processo. Ainda que a pesquisa não tenha constituído propriamente um estudo de caso, partimos da investigação de um fragmento espacial da metrópole de São Paulo: o fragmento que compreende o bairro Real Parque, as favelas Real Parque e Jardim Panorama e o Empreendimento Parque Cidade Jardim, todos situados administrativamente no distrito do Morumbi, zona oeste da capital paulistana. Através da articulação entre totalidade e particularidade procuramos desvendar os conteúdos do processo de urbanização capitalista, centrando nossa análise em um desses conteúdos a violência -, que não se constitui como o único conteúdo, nem como o mais importante, mas certamente como fundamental ao desvendamento da produção do espaço urbano a partir de seus fundamentos críticos. / This thesis attempts to propose a movement of theoretical thinking. This movement begins with a proposition or acknowledgment: the relevance of the notion of urban violence for understanding the contents of the urban problematic that the modern world announces. The investigation, however, has revealed the limits of the phrase urban violence, defined by and confused with in the social sciences in general the idea of criminality. This identification (violence with criminality) poses obstacles to a critical analysis of the urban, obscuring the path towards an understanding of the essence of the social practice that is supposedly grasped by the notion of urban violence. Acknowledging these limitations, the reflection shifts to a second moment of the research: that of coming to terms with the inadequateness of the notion of urban violence for revealing the relations between violence and urban problematic. This brings us to the subject of this research. Considering that our key questions could not be answered with the notion of urban violence, an analytical inversion emerged as necessary. Moving beyond the notion of criminality, the aim of this research is to cast light on the emergence of a violence that is linked with and has roots in the processes of production of the urban space and reproduction of the relations of production. We intend, thus, to bring into focus not urban violence, but instead the very process of urbanization as a process that is essentially violent. In order to do so, we have identified three access points to the violent aspects of urbanization, with the aim of revealing intentional and socially damaging forces that are embodied in the urban. Firstly, we have considered the role of private property as one of the bases of urbanizations violence. We have attempted to understand the extent to which violence is materialized in the processes of expropriation and segregation structurally linked with private property as the basis of urbanization. Secondly, we have highlighted the states role represented here by urban planning in the production of urban space and in the reproduction of market exchange relations whose immanent content is violence. Finally, we have tried to demonstrate how a number of constraints posed by capitalist urbanization translate, at the level of everyday life, into manifestations of the violence closely linked with this process. While we have not defined a case study, we have set out with an investigation of a spatial fragment in Sao Paulo: Jardim Panorama and the neighboring development Parque Cidade Jardim, located in Morumbi district, in the western section of the city. By articulating totality and particularity, we have tried to bring to light the contents of capitalist urbanization, centering our analysis on one of such contents (violence). Violence is certainly neither the only nor the primary aspect of the urbanization process, but it is certainly relevant for grasping the production of urban space from the perspective of its critical foundations.
33

Československá politická a ekonomická transformace pohledem teorií institucionální ekonomie / Czechoslovak political and economic transformation in view of institutional economics theories

Kuchař, Pavel January 2009 (has links)
The diploma thesis looks into the matter of political and economic transformation of Czechoslovakia and Czech Republic through lenses of institutional economics theories. It claims that the transformation measures did not consider the social embeddedness within cultural and historical limitations. The first part of the paper defines the methodology of institutional economics based mainly on Ronald Coase's and Oliver Williamson's work. The following part aims to draw an image of historical and political context of Czechoslovak transformation. The compatibility of conditions, goals and means of the transformation is being considered in the third part. Finally, the work structures and evaluates World Bank's data set that forms an important part of endogenous influences of institutionalisation. The conclusion judges the outcome of political and economical transformation rather critically.
34

Private Property in America: Land Use and the Ethics of Owning Land

Grant, Elizabeth Michelle 12 1900 (has links)
Private property in the United States arose out of a tradition that emphasized the individual freedom to control holdings without interference from governmental influences. A sharp distinction between society as a whole and individual rights isolated ownership of private property from a notion of the common good. This dualistic framework excludes the possibility for forms of property that do not fall completely into either category. Property ownership attitudes are central to issues that often divide environmentalists and landowners. Property rights must be put in the context to understand the divergence between landowner attitudes and provisions made when the institution of private property was created. Finally, land itself as a type of property should be considered ethically distinct from other forms of property because of the interdependencies of human and nonhuman interests that the science of ecology has revealed.
35

Real Estates Stocks' correlation to their underlying property portfolio and the stock market / Fastighetsaktiers korrelation till sin underliggande fastighetsportfölj och aktiemarknaden

Bohman, Mickael January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
36

Contre le libertarianisme de droite : l’accès aux ressources pour une justice minimale

Sicard-Dequoy, Sébastien 08 1900 (has links)
Dans ce mémoire, nous aborderons des questions portant sur la légitimité de la propriété privée, à quels moments est-ce que la propriété privée cesse d’être légitime ? Nous défendrons que chaque individu détient le droit inaliénable d’accéder aux ressources, et que cet accès aux ressources doit lui fournir tous les moyens nécessaires pour qu’il puisse se développer jusqu’à ce qu’il soit pleinement autonome. Ainsi, lorsque la propriété privée de certains individus bloque l’accès aux ressources, il doit y avoir des mécanismes de redistribution permettant de compenser la nuisance produite par la propriété privée. Par ailleurs, l’accès aux ressources peut être remplacé par une gamme d’opportunités de base : les opportunités de développement nécessaires à l’atteinte de l’autonomie en société. La redistribution n’a donc pas besoin de viser l’accès aux ressources, elle doit garantir que tous aient accès aux opportunités de base. Nous circonscrirons notre réflexion à un cadre de justice minimale dans le but d’attribuer une nécessité morale à chacune des conclusions de ce mémoire. Autrement dit, si les paramètres de redistribution développés au terme de ce mémoire représentent le strict minimum pour qu’une société se soucie de la justice, alors il est nécessaire que toutes les sociétés instituent au moins ces paramètres de redistribution. Pour démontrer le minimalisme de ces paramètres de justice, nous les déduirons à partir de la position des libertariens de droite. Considérant que leur position se veut la plus minimale possible, si nos paramètres de redistribution sont pleinement consistants avec leur position, alors ces paramètres relèvent de la justice minimale. / This paper is based on a crucial question of social justice: when does the private property stop to be morally legitimate? This paper will defend a universal right to have access to all the resources needed for the acquisition of a personal autonomy. Therefore, when the private properties of some people prevent others to gain a sufficient access to the resources they need, we have to institute a system of wealth redistribution in order to compensate the prejudice of loosing access to the resources. Furthermore, it is possible to substitute the right to resources by a group of basic opportunities, such as an education system accessible without indebtedness. Since the basic opportunities grant an access to personal autonomy, people do not need to have access to resources anymore. Therefore, private properties are legitimate if and only if there is a system of wealth redistribution ensuring that everyone has an access to the basic opportunities. In this paper, every conclusion concerning the wealth redistribution is bound to minimal justice. In other words, if a society fails to grand access to the basic opportunities, this society is necessarily unjust. To ensure that ours conclusions are bound to minimal justice, we will also demonstrate their consistency with right libertarianism. Although, every conclusion concerning basic opportunities come from the no harm principle and the full self-ownership, the two basis of right libertarianism.
37

La publicisation des espaces agricoles périurbains : du processus global à la fabrique du lieu / Publicness process on suburban farmland : from the global scale to place construction

Clément, Camille 07 December 2012 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour objectif de théoriser et d’opérationnaliser la notion de publicisation des espaces agricoles périurbains. Cette notion, encore peu courante en géographie, désigne tout processus qui transforme la nature d’espaces agricoles sous influence urbaine, les rendant plus publics. Ce processus, complexe, est composé de débats sur l’avenir des espaces agricoles périurbains et de pratiques spatiales qui illustrent leur multifonctionnalité (production, paysage, loisirs…). La première partie vise à théoriser la notion en construisant sa définition et une grille de lecture composée de cinq dimensions : juridique, sociale, politique, historique et économique. La deuxième partie décrit le processus par l’étude des débats qui ont lieu lors d’un projet d’Agenda 21 Local. L’objectif est de savoir si des débats qui débouchent sur des actions peuvent, en territoire périurbain, publiciser des espaces agricoles. Cette partie montre que la publicisation fluctue dans le temps et se matérialise dans des lieux agricoles. Dans une troisième partie, la publicisation est étudiée à l’échelle d’un territoire : la communauté de communes du Pays de Lunel. De l’analyse de ses projets politiques et associatifs, dont certains prévoient l’ouverture d’espaces agricoles au public, à l’analyse précise de six lieux du territoire, la publicisation est un phénomène pluriel. Une typologie de lieux agricoles périurbains publicisés rend compte de la diversité du processus: débats globaux et pratiques locales s’imbriquent dans la fabrique de lieux publicisés. Cette thèse débouche sur plusieurs perspectives de recherches pour éclairer les transformations à l’oeuvre dans les espaces agricoles périurbains. / This thesis aims to theorize and operationalize the publicness process of suburban farmland. This notion, still uncommon in geography, means any process that transforms the nature of farmland under urban influence, making it public. This complex process is composed of debates on the future of agriculture and of suburban spatial practices that illustrate theirmultifunctionality (agricultural production, landscape, leisure…). The first part aims to theorize the concept and its definition by constructing a theoretical framework in five dimensions: legal, social, political, historical and economic. The second part describes the process by studying the debates surrounding a project of Local Agenda 21. The objective is to know if discussions that lead to actions can, in suburban areas, result in publicness of suburban farmland. This section showsthat the publicness process fluctuates over time and is materialized in agricultural places. In the third part, the publicness process is studied at territorial scale: the Pays de Lunel municipalities group. We analyze its political and associative projects which include the opening of agricultural areas to the public. Then we study the composition publicness process in six places of the municipalities group. We conclude that the publicness process is a multi-faceted phenomenon. So we create a typology of suburban farmland places according to the publicness process. Finally, in the publicness process, global and local scales overlap in the construction of places. This thesis provides several research perspectives to illuminate the transformations taking place in suburban farmland.
38

Surveillance et ordre commercial : ethnographie d’un centre de contrôle de vidéosurveillance en milieu privé de masse

Pratte, Anne-Marie 12 1900 (has links)
No description available.
39

Metropolização e o discurso da modernidade na reposição da periferia: o bairro do Cabuçu no município de Guarulhos / Metropolises and the discourse of modernity in the replacement of the periphery: the neighborhood of Cabuçu in Guarulhos

André Luiz de Carvalho 03 March 2011 (has links)
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo de estudo a relação envolvendo a periferia e o seu processo de reposição na metrópole de São Paulo, tendo por base o estudo realizado no bairro do Cabuçu, no município de Guarulhos. A complexidade urbana do momento atual comporta diferentes análises no sentido de sua interpretação. Partindo-se desse pressuposto, o que se analisa neste trabalho é a atual condição da periferia na metrópole de São Paulo face as promessas da modernidade relacionada ao desenvolvimento urbano. Essa modernidade, acompanhando a evolução do capitalismo, leva a instituição propriedade privada à posição de centralidade, transformando esta numa das principais marcas da sociedade moderna. Em meio a tantas alternativas acerca da complexidade urbana atual, a escolha aqui feita foi a de analisar a periferia enquanto uma realidade sócio-espacial que, do ponto de vista desta reprodução ampliada, deve ser incessamente resposta ao longo do território da metrópole, não excluindo as contradições inerentes a esse processo. Por sua vez, esse movimento incessante vincula-se ao próprio sentido do urbano, que é reproduzido a partir da lógica do capital, e à impossibilidade no alcance das promessas da modernidade. A metrópole chega à atual fase enquanto um território que, dentre vários outros desdobramentos, passa a enfatizar a relação entre o capital especulativo e o mercado imobiliário. Vem daí a intensificação da especulação imobiliária, que é articulada longo do território da metrópole. Como consequência, a reposição da periferia, que se consubstancia em função do drama cada vez maior da moradia, passa também a ser um movimento articulado nessa mesma metrópole. / This task has as na aim of study the relation which involves the suburb and its processo f replacement in São Paulo city, having as a fundamental support the accomplished study in Cabuçu district in Guarulhos city. The complexity, for the time being keeps diferent analysis in the way of its interpretation starting from this pretext what studies in this task is the presente situation of São Paulo metropolis suburb according to the promises of modernity in the relation to the suburb development. This modernity with the capital evolution takes private property institution to the center point, changing it into the most principal marks of the modern society. Among so many alternatives around the present urban complexity, the done choice here was to analyse the suburb as the reality of associate space that, by the point of view of this bigger reprodution must be constantly replaced in the metropolis land not excluding contradictions inherent into this process. However, this constant movement goes to its own urban way which is remade from a capital logic and impossibility in reaching modernity promises. The metropolis gets to the present moment as a territory that, among several developments, begings emphasizing the link between speculative capital and real state market. From this point, the intensification of speculative real state comes and it is articulated in the metropolis land. By as consequences, the suburb repositiion that gets worse according to the misery which becomes bigger in the dwellings and also becomes being na articulated movement in the same metropolis.
40

Igualdade política e desigualdade econômico-social na Política de Aristóteles / Political equality and social economic inequality in Aristotle\'s Politics

Soares, Larissa Barbosa Nicolosi 10 November 2016 (has links)
A presente dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo estudar os fundamentos da comunidade política (polis), em especial, de que modo fundamentos, como a liberdade e a igualdade, contribuem para perturbação e conservação da comunidade política, a partir do livro I e II da Política de Aristóteles. A pesquisa busca mostrar o papel relevante da crítica que Aristóteles lança à aquisição ilimitada de bens e da crítica à propriedade comum dos bens, proposta por Sócrates, na República - i.e. tal como Aristóteles compreende Sócrates - para sua visão de unidade política. / This thesis aims to study, based on Books I and II of Aristotle\'s Politics, the foundations of the political community (polis), in particular, how core principles such as freedom and equality contribute to the disturbance or to the conservation of the political community. This research intends to present the important role of both Aristotle\'s critique addressed to the limitless accumulation of wealth, and his critique of the common ownership of properties--proposed by Socrates in the Republic - i.e. as Aristotle understands Socrates--to constitute his vision of political unity.

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