Thesis (M. A. (Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Intimate partner violence among heterosexual couples seem to be on the rise with men as victims of female perpetrated violence. Recent research on this phenomenon indicates that partner violence against men is a social and health problem that is hidden and unspoken of in most societies. The current study was aimed at exploring men’s non-disclosure of intimate partner violence at Ga-Masemola, Sekhukhune District in Limpopo Province. Qualitative research methodology and exploratory research design were applied to successfully explore men’s non-disclosure of IPV. The target population of this study was heterosexual male victims of ages 18 and above. Non-probability sampling of blended convenience sampling and snowball sampling were employed. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions and was analysed through thematic analysis of qualitative data. The results of the study have revealed that male victims of partner violence hide their situations. Determinants of non-disclosure were found to include men’s own personal feelings of fear to disclose, masculinity factors, societal expectations and cultural norms, which negatively affect men’s decisions to disclose. Help-seeking behaviour of male victims remains a huge challenge for most male victims. Due to fear of ridicule, disbelief and false accusations, abused men seem to lack courage to seek help. The shocking outcome is that most victims appear to lack knowledge of services available for them. The study recommends that public education, advocacy and appropriate gender-sensitive intervention programmes be implemented to overcome the effects of violence and to prevent further victimisation.

I denna studie som förhåller sig till ett kvalitativt arbetssätt kommer vi att studera hur gärningsmän respektive offer gestaltas i olika kontroversiella våldtäktsfall i Sverige. Genom att använda oss av en kritisk diskursanalys på våra valda fall, ”Rissnevåldtäkten” och ”Stureplansvåldtäkten”, strävar vi efter att kunna analysera språket samt uppnå vårt syfte och besvara våra frågeställningar. Syftet med studien är att få en djupare förståelse för hur språket kan skapa olika föreställningar gällande hur gärningsmän och våldtäktsoffer framställs. För att uppnå detta kommer vi att använda oss av valda tidningsartiklar hämtade från Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Metro och Svenska Dagbladet. Vi finner det intressant att identifiera sociala kategorier som kön, klass och etnicitet för att avläsa hur dessa produceras och reproduceras i artiklarna. De frågeställningar vi använder avser således att förklara hur föreställningar om våldtäktsoffer och gärningsmän framställs samt om det förekommer några sociala kategorier som kan vara avgörande i hur tidningsartiklarna presenterar innehållet. Till en början har vi undersökt hur våldtäktsfallen framställs var för sig för att sedan kunna sätta dem i relation till varandra genom en jämförande analys. Vår övergripande teoretiska utgångspunkt är intersektionalitet, denna teori använder vi för att lyfta fram de sociala kategorierna kön, klass och etnicitet. Resultatet vi tagit fram grundar sig i de sociala kategorier vi belyst med hjälp av det intersektionella perspektivet som vi använt oss av. Gärningsmännen beskrivs med dominanta och aggressiva ordalag medan offren som i båda fallen var kvinnor, beskrivs som passiva och försvarslösa objekt. I båda våldtäktsfallen lades stor vikt vid gärningsmännens bakgrund som gav en stämplande effekt. I ”Stureplansvåldtäkten” var klass (med tillhörande status) en framträdande kategori i framställningen av gärningsmän och offer. De beskrevs bland annat som ”Stureplansprofiler”, ”krogägare” och ”stekiga och rika”, offret beskrevs som ”drinkhora”, ”gänghora”, ”barnskötare” och ”kraftigt berusad”. I ”Rissnevåldtäkten” var framförallt etnicitet framträdande vid beskrivning av gärningsmän och offer. Uttryck som bland annat ”invandrarkillar”, ”svartskallar”, ”gäng” och ”utomeuropeiska” beskrev männen. Offret i samma fall framställdes med uttryck såsom ”svennehora”, ”kraftigt berusad” och ”sönderknullad”. Offren framställs i båda fallen ur en underordnad position i förhållande till gärningsmännen som oftast framställdes som överordnade. Genom en användning av språkliga uttryck genomgående studien har vi kunnat belysa olika maktpositioner och hur dessa konstruerats. Oavsett social kategori bottnar alla uttryck och framställningar i konstruktioner som produceras och reproduceras. / In this study who relates to a qualitative approach we aim to highlight how perpetrators and victims are being portrayed in various articles regarding controversial rape cases in Sweden. Through the use of a critical discourse analysis of our selected cases, ”Rissnevåldtäkten” and ”Stureplansvåldtäkten”, we intend to analyze the language as well as achieve our purpose and answer our questions. The main purpose of the study is to gain a deeper understanding of how language can create different perceptions regarding how perpetrators and victims of rape are being portrayed. To achieve this we will use selected newspaper articles taken from Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Metro and Svenska Dagbladet. We find it interesting to identify social categories such as gender, class and ethnicity to determine how these are produced and reproduced in the articles. The questions we use are to explain how perceptions of rape victims and perpetrators are being portrayed and if there are social categories that can be crucial in how the newspaper articles present the content. At first we will examine how the two rape cases are portrayed separately and then be able to put them in relation to each other through a comparative analysis. Our overall theoretical perspective will be intersectionality where we focus on highlighting the social categories of gender, class and ethnicity.The result we have developed is based on the social categories we elucidated using the intersectional perspective. The perpetrators are described with dominant and aggressive terms, whereas the victims in both cases were women, described as passive and defenseless objects. In the ”Rissnevåldtäkten” ethnicity was particularly prominent in the descriptions of the perpetrators through expressions such as ”invandrarkillar” (immigrant boys), ”svartskallar” (insulting word referring to foreigners), ”gäng” (gang), ”utomeuropeiska” (referring to people from outside Europe). The victim in the same case was portrayed with expressions such as ”Svennehora” (insulting word for Swedish whore), ”kraftigt berusad” (strongly intoxicated) and ”Sönderknullad” (fucked to pieces). In the ”Stureplansvåldtäkten”, class with associated status, was a prominent category in the presentations of the perpetrators. They were described among other things as ”Stureplansprofiler” (Stureplan profiles), ”krogägare” (restaurant owners) and ”stekig och rik” (referring to a rich lifestyle) while the victim was described as ”gänghora” (in this case whore in a gang), ”barnskötare” (nanny) and ”kraftigt berusad” (strongly intoxicated). The victims are portrayed from a subordinate position in relation to the perpetrators who most often are presented as superior. Through the use of linguistic expressions throughout this study, we have been able to highlight various positions of power and how these are constructed. Irrespective of social category, all expressions and portrayals are based on compositions that are being produced and reproduced.

Titel:” To Save a Perpetrator”  An interview study about domestic violence and the treatment of the perpetrator The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatments available to perpetrators of domestic violence. The study is based on qualitative interviews with four people who all work with perpetrators of domestic violence in some way. The result has been analyzed with the help of attachment theory, behaviorism, violence - dominance and masculinity. The results show that there are various forms of treatment for the perpetrators. According to the interviewees there is no follow-up on whether the efforts help. The interviewees also described that these treatments are all individually adapted to the perpetrator's needs and that there is a resistance among the perpetrators to be included in group treatments. In addition, the treatments were described as often related to volunteerism under some constraint. The lack of attachment and the complexity of the treatment are discussed.

Introdução: O estudo das masculinidades e suas relações com a ocorrência da violência contra a mulher são decorrentes dos estudos de gênero. Para enfrentar o problema e incorporando esta tendência, a Lei Maria da Penha recomenda o encaminhamento de homens autores de violência contra mulher a serviços específicos, sendo o grupo reflexivo uma das possibilidades de intervenção. Objetivos: Caracterizar o perfil de homens participantes do grupo reflexivo; descrever como a dinâmica e os conteúdos veiculados no grupo mobilizam a reflexão; identificar que aspectos das falas dos sujeitos são indicadores de novas posturas e ressignificações das relações; analisar alcances e limites de grupos reflexivos como estratégia de enfrentamento à violência contra as mulheres. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, centrada na análise de um grupo composto por homens autores de violência contra a mulher, encaminhados pela justiça para cumprimento de medida judicial. Os dados sociodemográficos e criminais dos homens foram coletados em formulários e boletins de ocorrência. As falas dos sujeitos foram obtidas através de gravação dos grupos e de entrevistas individuais. As falas foram transcritas e interpretadas por meio da análise temática e discursiva, bem como à luz da literatura sobre gênero, violência e masculinidades. Os grupos foram conduzidos por profissionais vinculados a uma ONG, em parceria com o 1º Juizado de Violência Doméstica e Familiar de SP. Resultados e discussão: Os homens, inicialmente, sentem-se vitimizados e injustiçados diante da medida judicial de participação no grupo, não se identificam como autores de violência, apresentam concepções tradicionais do padrão de masculinidade hegemônica. No decorrer do processo, o acolhimento, as intervenções dos facilitadores e a vinculação dos homens ao grupo possibilitaram a ampliação de suas visões de mundo, de modo que as questões relacionadas ao uso da violência de gênero, masculinidades, direitos das mulheres e relacionamentos fossem flexibilizadas e ressignificadas. A maioria referiu adoção de novas posturas e atitudes frente a situações de conflito, procurando evitar o uso de violência em seus relacionamentos. Ao término da participação o grupo é percebido, pela maioria, como espaço que traz contribuições. Considerações Finais: A análise demonstrou que a estratégia de grupos reflexivos para homens autores de violência contra a mulher representa uma iniciativa promissora, a ser utilizada nos serviços de responsabilização para os agressores. Além disso, é importante que tais serviços sejam implantados como parte de uma política pública, vinculada à justiça e integrada à rede de serviços. A consolidação desta política pode ser entendida como um avanço na implementação da Lei Maria da Penha e no enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher / Introduction: The study of masculinities and their relationship to the occurrence of violence against women are a result of gender studies. To tackle the problem and incorporating this trend, the Maria da Penha Law recommends referral of men who commit violence against women to specific services, being the discussion group as one of the possibilities for intervention. Objectives: To characterize the profile of discussion group participants; describe how the dynamics and transmitted content mobilize the group reflection; identify which aspects of the subjects\' statements are indicative of new attitudes and new meanings of relationships, analyze scope and limits of discussion groups as a strategy to combat violence against women. Method: A qualitative case study research, focusing on the analysis of a group of men who commit violence against women, referred by the court to comply with a judicial order. Socio-demographic data and legal convictions of men were collected on forms e police reports. The subjects\' statements were obtained by recording the groups and individual interviews at the end of the process. The contents of the speech were transcribed and interpreted using thematic and discourse analysis, as well as with the literature on gender, violence and masculinities. The groups were conducted by experts of an NGO, in partnership with the 1st Special Court of Domestic and Family Violence, both in São Paulo. Results and discussion: The men initially feel victimized and wronged before the judicial measure to attend the group, do not identify themselves as perpetrators of violence, have traditional conceptions of hegemonic masculinity pattern. In the process, the welcoming, the facilitators interventions and the pool binding enabled the expansion of their worldviews, so that issues related to the use of gender violence, masculinities, women\'s rights and relationships were resignified e made flexible. The majority reported adopting new postures and attitudes to conflict situations, seeking thereby to avoid using violence in their relationships. At the end of participation, the group is perceived by most as a space that brings contributions. Conclusions: The analysis showed that the strategy of discussion groups for men who commit violence against women represents a promising initiative to be used in the service of accountability for perpetrators. Furthermore, it is important that such services are deployed as a public policy, linked to justice and integrated into a network of care services. The consolidation of this policy can be seen as a breakthrough in the implementation of the Maria da Penha Law and in confrontation violence against women

Le traitement judiciaire des auteurs de violences commises au sein du couple a connu une évolution manifeste comme le démontre la première partie de l’étude. Cette évolution apparaît à travers le dévoilement de ces violences par la société et par le droit ainsi que par la spécificité du traitement en direction de ces auteurs. Les mutations de la politique criminelle française tendent à un accroissement de la répression des auteurs de ces violences, marquées par une accélération législative en droit interne et l’influence du droit international et européen sur celui-ci. La seconde partie de l’étude met en avant les limites du traitement judiciaire des auteurs de violences commises au sein du couple. Certaines de ses limites sont structurelles, et dépendent des difficultés générales rencontrées par la justice, d’autres sont des limites juridiques. Enfin, certaines limites se manifestent au stade du prononcé des peines et de leur exécution. Interroger les limites ne conduit pas à nier leur possible dépassement, comme l’y invite l’étude. / The judicial treatment of the perpetrators of conjugal violence has evolved since its inception, as this study’s first part intends to demonstrate. The evolution becomes apparent through the exposure of such violence by society and by law as well as the need for specific treatment for perpetrators of conjugal violence. The permutations in French criminal policy lean towards increasing severity in sentencing, marked by legislative acceleration in domestic law as well as the influence of European and international law. The second part of this study examines the limits of the judicial treatment of the perpetrators. Some of its limits are structural, contingent on general difficulties encountered in court, while others are legal limits. Finally, certain limits occur during the sentencing and the implementation of the sentence. To question the limits is not to deny the possibility of overcoming them, as this study argues.

A violência doméstica e familiar não é fenômeno novo na realidade brasileira, entretanto a forma como vem sendo enfrentado tem se modificado ao longo dos anos. A Lei Maria da Penha (11.340/2006) reflete um processo de passagem da indiferença do Estado à absorção das demandas feministas no âmbito da formulação de uma política nacional para o enfrentamento da violência doméstica. A Lei estabelece diversas políticas para a prevenção, a orientação e o encaminhamento de mulheres e homens que se encontrem em relações violentas. Esse artigo se inclui no debate sobre enfrentamento da violência de gênero a partir de uma perspectiva feminista crítica de gênero, direcionando o olhar às intervenções com autores de violência. Para tal, é analisada a produção acadêmica nacional sobre o tema a partir das teses e dissertações da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações do Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT) no período de 2006 a 2015. Os textos foram analisados e interpretados conforme a técnica da Análise de Conteúdo, utilizando o software Nvivo como suporte informacional. O trabalho teve dois objetivos: explorar como os conceitos de violência e gênero são articulados nos fenômenos estudados, e sistematizar as análises e considerações dos textos sobre intervenções com autores de violência. Os resultados dos estudos sugerem a possibilidade de transformações nas relações sociais e flexibilizações nos discursos dos autores de violência. Entretanto, trazem à tona fragilidades na estruturação das políticas de enfrentamento à violência doméstica e familiar como um todo, que podem reduzir as intervenções com autores de violência a novos processos de conciliação forçados ou limitá-los a rearticulações pontuais de comportamento. / Domestic and familiar violence is not a new phenomenon in Brazil’s reality. However, the way it has been confronted has changed over the years. The Maria da Penha Law (11.340/2006) reflects a process of transition between the State’s indifference towards the absorption of feminist demands within the formulation of a national policy to confront domestic violence. The law establishes several policies addressing prevention, orientation and guidance of women and men who find themselves in violent relationships. This article participates in the debate on tackling gender violence from a feminist critical gender perspective, directing its focus towards interventions with perpetrators of violence. To this end, it analyzes the national academic research on the topic from theses and dissertations of the Brazilian Digital Theses and Dissertations of the Brazilian Institute of Information Library for Science and Technology (IBICT) from 2006 to 2015. The texts were analyzed and interpreted according to the Content Analysis technique and using the software NVivo as informational support. The study had two objectives: to explore how the concepts of violence and gender are articulated in the studied phenomenon and systematize the analysis and considerations of the texts on interventions with perpetrators of violence. The study results suggest the possibility of changes in social relations and flexibilities in the speeches of perpetrators of violence, which nevertheless bring out weaknesses in the structure of policies to cope with domestic and family violence as a whole.

<p>Kenya&rsquo / s December 2007 Presidential elections sparked a wave of violent clashes over allegations of election rigging. The protests broke out along ethnic lines, causing greater civil unrest. There have been allegations that during these outbreaks of violence crimes against humanity were committed. This violence attracted world-wide concern and was universally condemned. Kenya is loathe to prosecute the perpetrators or those who bear the highest responsibility for the alleged commission of crimes against humanity. It has instead established a national investigatory mechanism, the Kenyan Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (hereafter TJRC). This approach adopted by Kenya has been criticized for the fact that it fosters a culture of impunity. However, the Prosecutor of International Criminal Court (hereafter ICC) has used his proprio motu powers to initiate an investigation of alleged commission of crimes that fall within the jurisdiction of the Court. This research paper has analysed the reasons for the proprio motu intervention of the ICC in Kenyan situation. It also examined whether Kenya was unwilling or genuinely unable to prosecute the perpetrators of the post-election violence of 2007. Furthermore, the paper&nbsp / evaluated the provisions of the Kenyan TJRC, the major shortcomings of the Commission and the challenges it is facing in fulfilling its mandate. In conclusion the paper analysed the relationship between TJRC and ICC and re-evaluate any role that the two bodies could play in dispensing justice in Kenya. But before that, the paper laid down the factual&nbsp / background that led to the proprio motu interevention of the ICC in Kenya where a truth commission had alreday been established.<br /> <br /> &nbsp / </p>

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze IntimatePartner Violence (IPV). How does contemporary science illustrate men as victimsand women as perpetrators in these relationships? Ten articles were presentedand analyzed in a systematic literature study. The results show that men beingabused by their female intimate partner, do exist and that they in many ways doconform to abused women. There are many underlying causes to the violence inclose relationships. There are also many shapes and degrees in violence and inIntimate Partner Violence (IPV). Furthermore, Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) exhibitssymmetry in socio-demographic characteristics, such as gender and ethnicity. Thefindings also points out that Common Couple Violence (CCV) are a much morecommon form of violence than Intimate Terrorism (IT) and that both forms areused by men and women. Finally, violence is ambiguous, includes many aspectsand is not easy to explain among cultural values, norms and social contexts.Still, violence is a universal human issue which demands social interventions.

This study's purpose was to discover commonalities and differences among female predators and Florida female teachers who are perceived and reported to harass students sexually. When perceived and reported female sexual harasser and student safety was researched, a breath of studies did not occur. When current studies were reviewed, teacher sexual harassment continued to occur. In this qualitative study, ten Florida public school female teachers who were perceived and reported to sexually harass students were randomly selected. Findings indicted that further research is still needed on female teachers who are perceived and reported to sexually harass students. When researching the female teacher as a sexual predator, implications such as student safety in the public school system, school districts not reporting sexual harassment, and the need for additional research due to the minimal amount of completed research on the topic. When the differences and commonalities between female teachers who are perceived and reported to harass students sexually and female predators was studied, the results were not conclusive. The data displayed minimal commonalities and differences leaving no definitive answer but created numerous questions for future research. In addition, recommendations were made for school leaders and for future research.

Išanalizvus Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių literatūrą apie vaikų smurtą prieš vaikus, buvo nustatyta, kad smurto paplitimas prieš vaikus yra didelis, tačiau stokojama duomenų apie vaikų patiriamą smurtą prieš vaikus. Remiantis oficialiai publikuotais Lietuvos institucijų statistiniais duomenimis, vaikų smurto prieš vaikus mastas yra nežinomas, nes stokojama duomenų apie smurtautoją. Atlikus oficialių, tačiau nepublikuojamų statistinių duomenų analizę, retrospektyvinę 1422 ligos istorijų analizę, apklausus 1525 ugdymo ir 320 gydymo įstaigų darbuotojus, buvo nustatyta, kad vaikų smurtas prieš vaikus svyravo nuo 45,1 proc. iki 93,7 proc. Paaiškėjo, kad statistinė informacija, kurią pateikia oficialūs informacijos šaltiniai Lietuvoje, skiriasi: nusikalstamų veikų prieš vaikus yra užfiksuota gerokai daugiau nei pateikta registruotų smurto prieš vaikus atvejų,o tai liudija apie nepakankamą institucijų bendradarbiavimą bei galimai nepakankamą reikiamos pagalbos nukentėjusiems nuo smurto organizavimą. Atlikta duomenų analizė atskleidė vaikų smurto prieš vaikus ypatumus ir skirtumus nuo suaugusiųjų vykdomo ar bendrojo smurto prieš vaikus. Kita vertus, apklausų metu nustatyta, kad daugiau nei penktadalis susidūrusiųjų su smurtu prieš vaikus apie jį praneša tik kartais ar iš viso apie jį nepraneša atsakingoms institucijoms, o kaip pagrindinė priežastis buvo neįsitikinimas, jog tai buvęs smurtas. Šio tyrimo metu pavyko nustatyti esamą ryšį tarp žinių apie smurtą ir pranešimo apie jį lygio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Analysis of the literature showed that violence against children remains a widely spread problem, however there is a lack of research on violence against children by children. According to the official statistics of violence in Lithuania, the magnitude of violence against children by children is unknown due to the absence of data on perpetrators. Analysis of the official but not public data, retrospective analysis of 1422 cases of history in hospital, data from surveys of 1525 employees from educational and 320 employees from healthcare institutions revealed big disparities in such violence from 45.1 to 93.7 per cent. It was found a high discrepancy in the statistics between offenses and violence against children in the official statistics: there were higher offensive acts against children than the number of registered violent cases. This reveals the lack of cooperation between institutions and possible gap in organising the adequate help for victims. This work discovered the peculiarities of violence against children by children and differences from violence when perpetrators were adults or from general violence. It was found from surveys that more than one fifth of respondents either seldom or never report cases of violence against children to the authorities while the major cause for under-reporting is not being sure of whether an act of violence against children. The results of this research revealed the evident link between the level of knowledge on violence and the... [to full text]