Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is critical for children’s health and wellbeing. Despite the numerous health benefits, most Canadian children do not meet the Canadian PA guidelines. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and social restrictions added new challenges to meeting the PA guidelines. Mobile health (mHealth) technology can be leveraged to promote PA among children. Combining gamification with mHealth interventions has the potential to further improve program effectiveness. Thus, “Draco” was developed as a virtual pet smartphone app to increase PA in children using self-determination theory as a framework to promote intrinsic motivation for PA. Objective: The primary objective is to evaluate the satisfaction and acceptability of the Draco app after four weeks. Secondary objectives include evaluating the preliminary effectiveness of the Draco app to improve average daily steps, average daily MVPA, perceived autonomy for PA, perceived competence for PA, and perceived relatedness to the app. Methods: 43 Canadian children, aged 8-14 years old, not meeting the Canadian PA guidelines of 60min of MVPA per day were randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. Participants in the control group used a step-tracking app for four weeks. Intervention participants were instructed to use the Draco app. Participants completed a baseline and follow-up questionnaire. PA outcomes were tracked using a Fitbit provided to each participant. Intrinsic PA motivation was assessed using an adapted version of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Intrinsic motivation was assessed using the satisfaction subscale. Exit interviews were completed to determine app acceptability. Results: Participants demonstrated high levels of satisfaction and acceptability with the Draco app 2.83 (1.29). Intervention participants increased their average daily steps by 909 (1701). The control group increased their steps by 46 (1507). The Draco app had a small effect on promoting steps, MVPA, relatedness and small effects at increasing autonomy and competence. Conclusion: Participants demonstrated high levels of satisfaction and acceptability with the app. Participants in the intervention group showed greater increases in PA with small effect sizes. Preliminary evidence highlights the importance of tailoring game design to the users. Technical limitations impacted recruitment and user experiences. Additional development time should be taken to stabilize the app and add new game features for a definitive RCT. / Graduate

Les centres hospitaliers universitaires détenant une expertise pour les grands brûlés pédiatriques ont la responsabilité d’avoir du personnel infirmier compétent pour donner ces soins spécialisés. Cependant, il est constaté que les infirmières débutantes ne possèdent pas les connaissances suffisantes sur les soins de plaie de brûlures pour bien intervenir auprès de cette clientèle. Il y a donc un besoin urgent de formation pour préparer les infirmières débutantes à la prise en charge de ces patients. Cette étude pilote pragmatique avait pour buts : (i) de développer et de mettre à l’essai une formation en ligne sur les soins aux grands brûlés pédiatriques destinée aux infirmières débutantes; (ii) et d’évaluer la faisabilité et l’acceptabilité de la formation en ligne en plus d’estimer les effets de la formation sur l’amélioration des connaissances de ces infirmières débutantes en soins aux grands brûlés pédiatriques. Les cadres de référence utilisés pour soutenir cette étude incluaient le « Référentiel de compétences de l’infirmière en soins aux grands brûlés » de l’American Burn Association (2017b) pour développer le contenu théorique de l’intervention ainsi que les « Principes de l’apprentissage en ligne » de Clark et Mayer (2016) afin de guider la conception de la formation en ligne. Un devis préexpérimental prétest-posttest à un groupe d’infirmières débutantes (n=16) a été employé à l’unité de soins médico- chirurgicaux du Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine entre mars à juillet 2020. La faisabilité, l’acceptabilité et les effets préliminaires de la formation en ligne ont été évalués par un questionnaire de connaissances sur les soins infirmiers aux grands brûlés pédiatriques et de satisfaction. Les analyses statistiques utilisées incluent des statistiques descriptives et des tests- t pour échantillons appariés. En ce qui concerne la faisabilité, toutes les participantes ont complété la totalité de l’étude via la plateforme en ligne. Les résultats préliminaires ont révélé une différence significative entre la moyenne des scores de connaissances des 16 infirmières débutantes pré-formation en ligne (58,6%±14,5) et post-formation en ligne (87,7%±8,7) (p<0,001). Pour l’acceptabilité, la moyenne des scores était satisfaisante avec 95,5% (3,8±0,2) post-intervention. Ainsi, cette nouvelle formation en ligne, basée sur des données probantes, semble faisable et acceptable, en plus d’indiquer un effet préliminaire sur l’amélioration des connaissances d’infirmières débutantes sur les soins aux grands brûlés pédiatriques. / Nurses working with pediatric burn care patients require to be properly trained to provide optimal burn care. However, it was found that novice nurses from this service do not have sufficient knowledge regarding burn wound care to provide efficient care for this specialized clientele. Therefore, an urgent need exists to train novice nurses to care for pediatric burn patients. This pilot study aimed to: (i) develop and pilot a pediatric nursing burn care e-learning training for novice nurses; and (ii) assess the feasibility and acceptability of this educational intervention as well as evaluate the intervention’s preliminary effects on novice nurses’ knowledge on pediatric nursing burn care. The frameworks that supported this study included the “Burn Nurse Competencies” from the American Burn Association (2017b) to develop the theoretical content of the intervention as well as the “Multimedia Principles ” from Clark and Mayer (2016) to design the e-learning training. A pragmatic quasi experimental one-group (n=16) pretest-posttest design was conducted from March to July 2020 at a pediatric burn care unit at the CHU Sainte-Justine Pediatric University Hospital. Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of the e-learning training were assessed by a pediatric nursing burn care knowledge level questionnaire and a satisfaction survey. Statistical analyzes included descriptive statistics and tests-t for paired samples. In regards to feasibility, all participants completed the entire study with the e-learning platform. A significant difference was observed between the knowledge level mean score of novice nurses pre-training (58.6% ± 14.5) compared to post-training (87.7% ± 8.7) (p<0.001). Results showed that novice nurses’ mean score on satisfaction was 95.5% (3.8 ± 0.2) post-intervention, indicating a high satisfaction level. This new evidence-based pediatric nursing burn care e-learning training appeared feasible and satisfactory by novice nurses as well as indicating a preliminary effect on knowledge improvement regarding pediatric burn care.

This is a residential house in Brno. The supporting structure is reinforced concrete. The building has one basement and six floors. Vertical load-bearing structures are made up of reinforced concrete columns and walls. Horizontal load-bearing structures are formed by slabs (bearing in both directions). The staircase is concrete slab. Foundation is on piles. Infill vertical structures are brick. In the fifth floor pool is located.

Goal of the diploma thesis is to explain what does the term of controlled horizontal drilling mean and where it can be performed. Furthermore, it wants to show what to pay attention to during designing as well as during the actual pilot drill. Additionally, to show that pilot drill cannot be performed based on the project in all scenarios. Theoretical part of the thesis explains how the technology works and which auxiliaries are necessary to successfully perform controlled pressure. This technology is explained step by step in the practical part of the thesis to show how to proceed during the realization of controlled pressure.

Cieľom tejto diplomovej práce je vytvoriť Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) aplikáciu pre mobilné telefóny s operačným systémom Android. Pre splnenie tejto úlohy bola preskúmaná aktuálna legislatíva ohľadom EFB aplikácií spolu s najmodernejšími EFB aplikáciami dostupnými na aplikačnom trhu. Na základe týchto informácií je navrhnutá a implementovaná EFB aplikácia určená pre pilotov všeobecného letectva. Výsledný produkt obsahuje funkcie pre plánovanie letu, vlastnú leteckú mapu, pilotný denník, katalóg letísk s dátami z celého sveta a ďalšie. Podpora offline zaručuje funkčnosť v reálnych podmienkach letu. Konečný produkt sa taktiež snaží inovovať nad existujúcimi EFB aplikáciami zahrnutím funkcionalít, akými sú napríklad automatické kontrolné zoznamy a náhľad v rozšírenej realite.

Förorenad mark är ett problem som kan hota ekologiska värden samt skada människors hälsa. Det finns flera åtgärder för föroreningar både ex-situ och in-situ. På senare tid har användningen av nollvärt järn som in-situ åtgärd studerats, men har inte använts tidigare i Sverige. Denna studie innefattar ett pilotförök i fält där en in-situ injektering av nollvärt järn i nanostorlek (nZVI) i Hjältevad, Eksjö kommun. Där bedrev dåvarande Televerket en impregneringsanläggning för telefonstolpar där de använde koppar, krom och arsenik (CCA) som efter ett läckage i en lagringstank förorenade grundvattnet på platsen.  Innan denna studie visade skak och kolonnförsök att tillsats av nZVI till jordprover från Hjältevad minskade koncentrationen av både total arsenik och arsenit med över 90 %. Syftet med pilotförsöket var att undersöka hur långt nZVI skulle spridas i akvifären och om arsenikhalten och grundvattenkemin påverkades på samma sätt av nZVI injekteringen som i labbförsöken.  Dynamiska grundvattenprovtagningar utfördes innan behandlingen för att kunna karakterisera grundvattnet i försöksytan. I ett inledande försök uppskattades spridningen av en 5 g/L nZVI slurry med tillsatt 0,75 g/L polyakrylsyra som injekterades med direct push teknologi. Spridningen av en nZVI injektering undersöktes genom mätning av elektrisk konduktivitet samt genom att observera färgen på grundvattnet. En spridning av nZVI mellan 0,6 och 1,5 m observerades och influensradien ökade med djupet i försöksytan samt visar på större vertikal utbredning vid grundare djup. Preferentiellt flöde kunde ses och överlappande injekteringspunkter behövs för en heltäckande utbredning. Pilotförsöket omfattade fem injekteringspunkter som borrades med 2 m avstånd vid källtermen. Sex nya grundvattenrör installerades uppströms och nedströms injektionspunkterna. Vattenprover togs under 4 månader där grundvattenkemiska parametrar som pH, EH, total As, trevärd As, och Fe koncentrationer mättes. Arsenikhalten låg runt 1700 µg/L innan behandlingen och har inte minskat 4 månader efter injektering av nZVI. I grundvattenrören närmast injekteringspunkterna fanns en tendens till ökad totalhalt och andel arsenit. Möjliga orsaker diskuteras och en hypotes är att lägre temperatur i akvifären jämfört med labbförsök förklarar lägre reaktivitet för nZVI. / Soil contamination poses ecological risks and enhances risks for human exposure to chemical in many areas of the world. Various ex-situ and in-situ soil remediation strategies have therefore been developed. The in-situ use of zero-valent iron sorbents is a relatively new strategy that has not yet been used in the field in Sweden. The current study involves a pilot study of an in-situ inejction of nano-scale zerovalent iron (nZVI) in a contaminated site in Hjältevad, Eksjö municipality. The former Swedish State-owned telephone compmnay operated a plant where telegraph poles were impregnated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) that leaked into the groundwater following a tank rupture.   Batch and column tests done prior to the current study in the lab showed that addition of nZVI to sediment sampled from the aquifer reduced the dissolved concentrations of total arsenic as well as arsenite with more than 90 %. The aim of this pilot test was therefore firstly to investigate to investigate whether the same reduction could be obtained in the field.  Dynamic groundwater sampling was carried out before the pilot test to characterize hydrology and chemistry of the aquifer. A 5 g/L nZVI slurry was injected using direct push technology initially in one injection well to investigate spread of nZVI by measuring electrical conductivity and observing the color of the groundwater. The measured electrical conductivity and color observation showed a spread of nZVI between 0.6 and 1.5 m. The radius of influence increased with depth in the test zone and shows greater vertical spread at shallower depths. Preferential flow could be seen and overlapping injection points are thus needed for a complete coverage of the source zone. Five injection well were then drilled into the source zone at a distance of 2 m. New groundwater wells were installed downstream from the source zone where samples were taken over a period of 4 months in which chemical parameters such as pH, EH, total As, trivalent As, and Fe concentrations were measured. Arsenic concentrations were 1700 µg/L before the treatment and this concentration as well as other measured groundwater paramters did not decrease significantly during the 4 months monitoring period. In the groundwater wells closest to the injection points, the concentration of total and trivalent arsenic increased significantly. Possibly reasons are discussed and it is hypothesized that the lower aquifer temperature in the field comapred to the lab experiments may explain the lower nZVI reactivity.

Direct mountain front recharge (MFR), water table recharge at the base of the mountain front, was evaluated on the arid (<250 mm/yr precipitation) Silver Island Mountains by comparing mountain precipitation to groundwater response. Direct MFR contributions were assessed on two catchments, one bedrock (i.e., mountain block) dominated and the other alluvial fan (i.e., mountain front) dominated. Catchment precipitation and shallow groundwater levels at each catchment outlet were measured for a 24 month period beginning October 2005. This time period captured one complete hydrologic cycle (December 2005-February 2007) for which annual and seasonal direct MFR rates were calculated. Annual direct MFR was calculated using a modified version of the water table fluctuation (WTF) method as 0.015-0.016% of precipitation on both catchments, with seasonal variations of 0% in summer up to 0.023% in winter, spring and fall. Seasonal direct MFR contributions are similar on the bedrock and the alluvial fan dominated catchments, with a notable exception during fall 2006 when direct MFR was twice as effective on the bedrock dominated system than on the alluvial fan dominated system (0.022% and 0.011% of precipitation, respectively). Darcy's law calculations show similarly low annual direct MFR contributions (0.013-0.032% of precipitation) as those calculated by the WTF method. Calculated direct MFR is 10% or less than typical calculated combined MFR (near surface recharge and deep underflow from the mountain block) for similar terrains and climates, and is only 3.5% of the combined MFR for the Silver Island Mountains as calculated by the Maxey-Eakin model. However, based on total recharge to the adjacent playa, it is apparent that the Maxey-Eakin model overestimates combined MFR, and the small calculated direct MFR is at least 50% of combined MFR. Despite some uncertainty in the numerical results, several patterns are evident in the data. The data show that direct MFR occurs in response to small rainfall events throughout much of the year, and that snowmelt is not necessary to produce direct MFR. The data also show that direct MFR responds more quickly and flushes through the system faster on the alluvial fan catchment than on the bedrock catchment.

Whereas commercial aviation is attempting to achieve the reduction of its substantial carbon footprint, general aviation’s (GA) climate change contribution is negligibly small, which is why the sector is facing other sustainability challenges mainly entailing the operation of dated technology and aircraft, increasing regulatory constraints, rising costs, noise emissions, and popular discontent, as well as remaining the last mobility sector in the world to still use leaded fuels. Throughout recent years, there have been remarkable sustainability trends in GA as well as heightened efforts to improve its emissions profile (noise, pollutants, CO2) and environmental reputation, for instance by the increased use of electric aircraft, especially for private pilot training. From a sociotechnical perspective, this mixed-methods study highlights current sustainability challenges and trends in GA as well as potential pathways towards more sustainable GA and private pilot training. Eight in-depth semi-structured interviews with Swiss and international GA stakeholders were complemented with a bilingual representative quantitative online survey (N=427) among Swiss GA stakeholders, a comparative CO2 analysis showing the emissions advantages and feasibility limits of supplementing private pilot training with lessons using electric aircraft, as well as participant observation. The data show that most Swiss GA stakeholders have increased environmental awareness and are concerned about sustainability and the environment both, in flight and other activities. Although the majority advocates for sustainable development in GA there are not one but many challenges and obstacles to a more sustainable GA. The largest challenges are the abatement of noise emissions and the facilitation of the leaded aviation gasoline (AVGAS 100LL) phaseout. The most pertinent obstacles towards sustainable GA innovation are said to be bureaucracy, overregulation and reluctance in the civil aviation authorities, high costs, averseness to risk and innovation, as well as a trend of decline in GA activity due to continuous demographic change. No single sustainability pathway but rather a mix of immediate and long-term sustainability measures was identified. Despite its current limitations, electric aviation proves to be one of the most feasible pathways to sustainable private pilot training. For more sustainable GA, the use of more fuel-efficient planes and available unleaded fuels, propeller, and muffler retrofits, as well as is feasible short- and midterm measures. In the long run, electric and hybrid aviation as well as bio- and synfuels are likely to become attractive options for GA. The study shows the importance of sustainable development in GA and private pilot training, not because it will majorly contribute to climate change mitigation, but because it will ensure the improvement of its negative environmental reputation and societal acceptance, which will be vital to ensuring the survival of the GA sector.

Les simulations interprofessionnelles sont très populaires pour former les professionnels de la santé débutant en traumatologie à travailler en équipe dans les salles d’urgence. Ces simulations peuvent être effectuées en laboratoire (environnement contrôlé) ou in situ (environnement réel de soins), ce qui peut potentiellement influencer la charge cognitive des débutants, c’est-à-dire l’effort mental requis pour apprendre. Jusqu’à présent, aucune étude n’a comparé l’influence de l’environnement de simulation sur l’apprentissage du travail d’équipe et la charge cognitive des professionnels débutant en traumatologie. Malgré les défis associés à la réalisation d’un essai contrôlé randomisé en contexte de formation, une telle étude apparait nécessaire pour approfondir notre compréhension de l’effet de l’environnement de simulation sur l’apprentissage. Cette thèse par article présente une étude qui avait pour but de tester la faisabilité d’un essai contrôlé randomisé pour examiner comment l’environnement de simulation (laboratoire versus in situ) influence le développement des habiletés de travail d’équipe et la charge cognitive des professionnels débutant en traumatologie à la salle d’urgence. Cette étude s’est appuyée sur le modèle de la charge cognitive de Choi et al. (2014). Vingt-quatre professionnels de la santé (infirmier[ère]s, résident[e]s en médecine, inhalothérapeutes) ayant moins de 18 mois d’expérience à la salle de réanimation d’un centre de traumatologie ont été affectés à quatre équipes de six professionnels. Chaque équipe a participé à deux simulations interprofessionnelles de 15minutes séparées par un débriefing de 45minutes axé sur les principes de la formation Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS). Les simulations ont été effectuées en laboratoire (groupe A — deux équipes) ou in situ (groupe B — deux équipes). Après chaque simulation, les professionnels débutants ont rempli des questionnaires validés sur le travail d’équipe et la charge cognitive perçus. Les simulations ont été filmées afin d’évaluer la performance du travail d’équipe par des observateurs formés. Des indicateurs de faisabilité liés au recrutement, à l’attrition, à la procédure de randomisation, à la mise en œuvre des activités de simulation et à la collecte de données ont été compilés. Des analyses de variance mixtes ont été utilisées pour calculer les tailles d’effet préliminaires. En ce qui concerne la faisabilité, plusieurs difficultés ont été rencontrées, telles qu’un faible taux de recrutement et l’impossibilité de réaliser la randomisation. Pour les tailles d’effet, les résultats préliminaires suggèrent que l’environnement de simulation n’influence pas la performance perçue du travail d’équipe et la charge cognitive des professionnels débutant en traumatologie. Les résultats suggèrent toutefois l’efficacité des simulations interprofessionnelles pour rehausser le travail d’équipe, et ce, peu importe l’environnement. Cette étude met en lumière plusieurs obstacles à la réalisation d’un essai contrôlé randomisé en contexte de simulation interprofessionnelle à la salle d’urgence. Elle permet aussi de jeter un regard nouveau sur la conception de la charge cognitive dans l’apprentissage du travail d’équipe, en proposant d’autres pistes de recherche. Enfin, cette étude renforce la nécessité de poursuivre les activités de simulation interprofessionnelle dans les milieux cliniques pour rehausser le travail d’équipe, un pilier des soins en traumatologie à la salle d’urgence. / Interprofessional simulations are very popular for training novice trauma health professionals to work as a team in emergency departments. These simulations can be conducted in a laboratory (controlled environment) or in situ (real healthcare environment), which can potentially influence the novices’ cognitive load, or the mental effort required to learn. However, to date, no study has compared the influence of the simulation environment on teamwork learning and cognitive load in novice trauma professionals. Despite the challenges associated with conducting a randomized controlled trial in the context of continuing education, such a study is needed to advance our knowledge of the effect of the simulation environment on learning. This article-based thesis presents a study designed to test the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial to examine how the simulation environment (laboratory versus in situ) influences the development of teamwork skills and cognitive load of novice trauma professionals in the emergency department. This study used Choi et al.’s (2014) cognitive load model. Twenty-four novice trauma professionals (nurses, medical residents, respiratory therapists) with less than 18 months of experience in the resuscitation room of a trauma center were assigned to four teams of six professionals. Each team participated in two 15-minute interprofessional simulations, separated by a 45-minute debriefing, which focused on the principles of the Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) training. The simulations were conducted in the laboratory (group A—2 teams) or in situ (group B—2 teams). After each simulation, novice professionals completed validated questionnaires on perceived teamwork performance and cognitive load. The simulations were videotaped to assess teamwork performance by trained observers. Feasibility indicators related to recruitment, attrition, randomization procedures, implementation of simulation activities, and data collection were compiled. Mixed analyses of variance were used to calculate preliminary effect sizes. Regarding feasibility, several difficulties were encountered, such as a low recruitment rate and the inability to perform randomization. Regarding effect sizes, preliminary results suggest that the simulation environment does not affect novice trauma professionals’ perceived teamwork performance and cognitive load. However, the results suggest the effectiveness of interprofessional simulation activities in improving teamwork, regardless of the environment. This study highlights several barriers to conducting a randomized controlled trial in the context of interprofessional trauma simulation in the emergency department. It also provides a new perspective on the concept of cognitive load in teamwork learning and suggests other avenues of research. Finally, this study reinforces the need to continue interprofessional simulations in clinical settings to improve teamwork, a pillar of trauma care in the emergency department.

The space industry and the technological developments regarding space exploration hasn’t been this popular since the first moon landing. The privatization of space exploration and the vertical landing rockets made rocket science mainstream again. While being able to reuse rockets is efficient both in terms of profitability and popularity, these developments are still in their early stages. Vertical landing has challenges that, if neglected, can cause disastrous consequences. The existing studies on the matter usually don’t account for aerodynamics forces and corresponding controls, which results in higher fuel consumption thus lessening the economical benefits of vertical landing. Similar problems have been tackled in studies not regarding booster landings but regarding planetary landings. And while multiple solutions have been proposed for these problems regarding planetary landings, the fact that the reinforcement learning concepts work well and provide robustness made them a valid candidate for applying to booster landings. In this study, we focus on developing a vertical booster descent guidance and control law that’s robust by applying reinforcement learning concept. Since reinforcement learning method that is chosen requires solving Optimal Control Problems (OCP), we also designed and developed an OCP solver software. The robustness of resulting hybrid guidance and control policy will be examined against various different uncertainties including but not limited to wind, delay and aerodynamic uncertainty. / Rymdindustrin och den tekniska utvecklingen av rymdutforskningen har inte varit så populär sedan den första månlandningen. Privatiseringen av utforskningen av rymden och de vertikala landningsraketerna medförde att raketvetenskapen återkom som en viktig huvudfråga igen. Även om det är effektivt att återanvända raketer i form av lönsamhet och popularitet, är denna utveckling fortfarande i sina tidiga stadier. Vertikal landning har utmaningar som, om de försummas, kan orsaka katastrofala konsekvenser. De befintliga studierna i frågan redovisar vanligtvis inte aerodynamikkrafter och motsvarande regulatorer, vilket resulterar i högre bränsleförbrukning som minskar de ekonomiska fördelarna med vertikal landning. Liknande problem har hanterats i studier som inte avsåg boosterlandningar utan om planetariska landningar. Även om flera lösningar har föreslagits för dessa problem beträffande planetariska landningar, det faktum att förstärkningsinlärningskonceptet fungerar bra och ger robusthet gjorde dem till en giltig kandidat för att ansöka om boosterlandningar. I den här studien fokuserar vi på att utveckla en lagstiftning för styrning av vertikala booster-nedstigningar som är robust genom att tillämpa koncepten inom förstärkningsinlärning. Ef- tersom förstärkt inlärningsmetod som väljs kräver lösning av optimala kontrollproblem (OCP), designade och utvecklade vi också en OCP-lösningsmjukvara. Robustheten för resulterande hybridstyrning och kontrollpolicy kommer att undersökas mot olika osäkerheter inklusive, men inte begränsat till vind, fördröjning och aerodynamisk osäkerhet.