A qualitative research design that is explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature was employed in order to understand and describe the factors that predispose children to be in conflict with the law and to develop guidelines to support these children. The data-collection techniques were individual semi-structured interviews and field notes. The sample consisted of eight (8) children who volunteered to be interviewed. The theme that emerged during data collection and analysis was the factors that predispose children to break the law. Five categories were identified in this theme, namely * Personal factors * Family factors * Community factors * Police service factors and * Education factors It is recommended that all the institutions involved in the provision and maintenance of the child's mental health be involved in the implementation of the guidelines. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Inledning: Sömnlöshet (insomni) är ett stort och växande folkhälsoproblem för den vuxna befolkningen. I dagsläget rekommenderas läkemedel och kognitiv beteendeterapi som behandling för diagnosen, men inga särskilda vetenskapliga rekommendationer finns i syfte att förebygga insomni. Forskning visar att individers levnadsvanor verkar som bestämningsfaktorer för deras sömnkvalitet, men ännu bedöms området vara relativt outforskat. Syfte: Denna studie syftade till att undersöka om fysisk aktivitet kan förebygga kronisk sömnlöshet och sömnlöshetssymtom hos den vuxna befolkningen. Metod: Systematiskt litteraturstudie i PubMed. Resultat: Fysisk aktivitet visade sig vara associerat med kronisk insomni och sömnlöshetssymtom, och föreningen påverkades emellertid av individens body mass indiex. Skillnader beträffande intensitetsnivåer och form av fysisk aktivitet observerades både mellan könen och i olika åldersgrupper. Diskussion: Förskrivning av fysisk aktivitet på recept i förebyggande syfte för individer i riskgrupp för sömnlöshet, eller i behandlingssyfte för lidande patienter, utgör en potentiell framtida folkhälsosatsning av sömnlöshet, men kostnadseffektivitet måste utvärderas. / Introduction: Insomnia is a major and growing public health problem for the adult population. Currently recommend medication and cognitive behavior therapy as treatment for the diagnosis, but no special recommendations are available for the purpose of preventing chronic insomnia och insomnia symptoms. Research shows that peoples living habits appear to be determining factors for their sleep quality, but it is still estimated that the area is relatively unexplored. Aim: This study investigate whether physical activity can prevent chronic insomnia and symptoms of insomnia in adults. Method: Systematic literature study in PubMed. Result: Physical activity was found to be associated with chronic insomnia and insomnia symptoms, and the association was affected by the body mass index (BMI) of the individual. Differences in intensity levels and physical activity were observed between the sexes and in different age groups. Discussion: The prescription of physical activity to individuals at risk for insomnia, or for treatment of those suffering from insomnia, represents a potential future public health strategy for the management and prevention of insomnia, however, cost-effectiveness of these strategies must be evaluated.

A qualitative research design that is explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature was employed in order to understand and describe the factors that predispose children to be in conflict with the law and to develop guidelines to support these children. The data-collection techniques were individual semi-structured interviews and field notes. The sample consisted of eight (8) children who volunteered to be interviewed. The theme that emerged during data collection and analysis was the factors that predispose children to break the law. Five categories were identified in this theme, namely * Personal factors * Family factors * Community factors * Police service factors and * Education factors It is recommended that all the institutions involved in the provision and maintenance of the child's mental health be involved in the implementation of the guidelines. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Dans cette thèse de doctorat, le sujet de la transformation de démarches de prévention des risques psychosociaux en outils de la préservation de la santé au travail est abordé sous le prisme des théories de l’auto-détermination et du sensemaking. Cette recherche consiste en une étude qualitative de différentes organisations publiques dans lesquelles des démarches de prévention des risques psychosociaux ont été mises en place et à la collecte et à l’analyse quantitative de 1373 questionnaires administrés aux employés d’une organisation publique. Les résultats obtenus soulignent le rôle de l’action créatrice de sens, de la motivation autonome et de la satisfaction des besoins d’autonomie, d’affiliation et de compétence comme des variables cruciales de la réussite de démarches de prévention de risques psychosociaux et de la mise en place de mécanismes de prévention primaire. La satisfaction des besoins d’autonomie, d’affiliation et de compétence joue aussi un grand rôle dans la réalisation du bien-être au travail. Cette recherche présente donc des apports théoriques nouveaux en gestion des ressources humaines qui peuvent aussi inspirer de meilleures pratiques organisationnelles. / This PhD thesis addresses the issue of the transformation of interventions destined to prevent psychosocial risks into more durable organisational changes that would increase the health and well-being of employees, analysed through the lens of the theories of self-determination and of sensemaking. This research consists in a qualitative case study of different public organisations in which such interventions have been conducted, and in the quantitative analysis of 1373 surveys collected in one public organisation. The results of this research highlight the importance of sensemaking, of autonomous motivation and satisfaction of the three fundamental needs for autonomy, relatedness and competence as major variables for the success of interventions for the prevention of psychosocial risks. Furthermore, helping their employees to fulfil their needs for autonomy, relatedness and competence is also linked to an increase in their well-being. This research introduces a new theoretical frame that can both benefit the academic field of human resources management and organisational practices.

The aim of our work was to map the process of identification, evaluation, and implementation of activities directed at prevention or management of nursing safety risks in organizations providing urgent ward care in the Czech Republic from the point of view of top management of nursing. Our work traced a quantitative research. For collecting data we used a non-standard questionnaire made up only for the purposes of this work. The questionnaire was distributed by the top representative of nursing management (ward sister/deputy in charge of nursing care) of the above specified health centres. The research was carried out in the period February - April 2008 and for assessment of the results obtained we used 110 questionnaires. For the purposes of our work we determined six hypotheses. Hypothesis 1 saying that hospitals create conditions for the development of safe organizational culture proved true. For the future it is essential to discuss this topic more profoundly, as well as to get rid of the fear of punishment for acknowledging a mistake and accept the fact that we all make mistakes, therefore we must minimalize their frequency and consequences and above all learn from them. Hypothesis 2 stating that hospitals watch risk factors for occurence of emergencies proved true, too. As a negative finding we can consider proving hypothesis 3 saying that hospitals do not reveal particulat risks of nursing care until the elimination of their consequences. Uncovering insufficient use of proactive strategy led us to a more detailed description of a FMEA method. Hypothesis 4 saying that hospitals have created a procedure for occurence of emergency and hypothesis 5 - nursing personnel is obligated to observe and report at minimum three kinds of emergencies related to nursing care proved true, too. The last hypothesis 6 presenting the fact that hospitals do not make their patients/clients involved in prevention of mistakes of medical workers was also confirmed by the results, but it was pleasant to find out that 43,3% of respondents stated that this possibility is being used at their place. We suggest to include the prevention of mistakes in the nursing process whether by means of particular nursing diagnoses or global education of patients/clients. As a suggestion of a feasible content of education we translated and adapted a document SPEAK UP into Czech named 7P.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:28:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zair Tese de Doutorado.pdf: 879027 bytes, checksum: d3922b341c9f21810668b448ea6e2a9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-17 / OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether women with altered cervical cytopathological outcomes have been referred to Medium Complexity Units (MCU) as in accordance with the Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines, as well analyze the perception of these womens about the attention received and the psychologic aspects that involved the diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Descriptive, exploratory, quantitative and qualitative study based on the cytopathological outcomes of the BHS users carried out in Basic Health Assistance Units (BHAU) referred to Medium Complex Units (MCU) in the municipality of Goiânia, State of Goiás, 2005/2006. We assessed 1.109 records regarding the Brazilian Ministry of Health/the National Institute of Cancer guidelines as established by the Brazilian Nomenclature for Cervical Outcomes and Preconized Clinical Practice. Data was analyzed and processed by using Epi-info 3.3.2, 2006 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Variables were assessed descriptively, through calculus of relative and absolute frequency. For qualitative analysis, the interview method were used containing the subject caracterization and two guiding questions: one with negative polarity and other with positive polarity. RESULTS: From the total number of referrals, 79% were not in accordance with the Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines which originated a great number of unnecessary procedures. The qualitive analysis explicitated fails on the professional attendance and in this attendance flow regarding to comunication about the actions relatives to treatment, services humanization and no observations of the established flow. The psycosocial aspects demonstrated that women didn t receive the necessary psicological attention to minorate the feelings of pain, despair, shame and, most of all, fear of death and mutilations. CONCLUSIONS: We observed inadequate referrals to the MCUs, which demanded a big number of unnecessary procedures. In women s perception, the attendence was permeated by fails in the reception, in communication, professional assistence, lack of knowledge about the attendence flow. The psycosocial aspects demand treatment integrality with multiprofessional teams working according to a biopsycosocial model. / OBJETIVOS: Investigar os encaminhamentos de mulheres com resultados de exames citopatológicos com atipias de significado indeterminado e lesões precursoras ou invasivas do colo do útero para a Unidade de Média Complexidade (UMC) segundo as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde (MS); analisar a percepção dessas mulheres sobre a atenção recebida e os aspectos psicossociais que envolveram o diagnóstico e tratamento das mesmas. METODOLOGIA: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, quantitativo e qualitativo com base nos resultados dos exames citopatológicos de mulheres encaminhadas das Unidades de Atenção Básica de Saúde (UABS) para a Unidade de Média Complexidade (UMC) do Município de Goiânia-GO, no período de 2005 e 2006. Foram analisados 1.109 prontuários de acordo com as recomendações da Nomenclatura Brasileira para Laudos Cervicais e Condutas Clínicas Preconizadas. Para o processamento e análise dos dados quantitativos foram utilizados os programas Epi-info 3.3.2. 2006 e Excel 2007. As variáveis foram estudadas de maneira descritiva, através do cálculo de frequências absolutas e relativas. Para análise qualitativa utilizou-se o método de entrevista contendo a caracterização dos sujeitos e duas questões norteadoras: uma com polaridade negativa e outra com polaridade positiva. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que 79% dos encaminhamentos para a UMC não estavam em conformidade com as recomendações do MS. A análise qualitativa explicitou falhas no atendimento profissional quanto à comunicação sobre as ações relativas ao tratamento, à humanização dos serviços e a não observação do fluxo estabelecido. A análise dos aspectos psicossociais demonstrou que as mulheres não receberam a atenção psicológica necessária para minorar os sentimentos de dor, desespero, vergonha e, principalmente, do medo da morte e das mutilações. CONCLUSÕES: Verificou-se elevada frequência de encaminhamentos inadequados para a UMC, o que demandou um alto percentual de procedimentos desnecessários. Na percepção das mulheres, o atendimento foi permeado por falhas no acolhimento, na comunicação, na assistência profissional e no desconhecimento do próprio fluxo de atendimento. Os aspectos psicossociais demonstraram a necessidade da integralidade do tratamento com equipes multiprofissionais trabalhando em um contexto biopsicossocial.

This essay contains the methods that I as an educator can work with and what methods that affect students with problematic behavior in education. As well as the support that I receive from management and guardians. In my essay I will describe a working day for me in which I will discuss a boy with problematic behavior. He and we us educators fail time after time at school and the leisure center and I as an educator don’t know how to give the right support and adjustments to help him. The purpose is that I gain knowledge and to find strategies on how to help students like him to give right support and adjustments to get these students the best possible education. The primary questions: what can I as an educator do and which are the given recommendations to prevent problems, help and include students with these behaviors? What kind of support do the individual teacher need from management and guardians to work effectively with these students? What difficulties may be associated with the implementation of these recommendation in practice? As research method I will write a scientific essay where I will investigate and reflect by connecting theories and other thoughts with my own thoughts and experiences. In my theoretical reflections I coyness on the low effective method that Bo Hejlskov Elvén established but I will also describe the difficulties to apply this in practicality / Denna essä handlar om vilka metoder jag som pedagog kan arbeta med och vad som påverkar elever med problemskapande beteende i skolan samt vikten av att få stöd av ledning och vårdnadshavare. I min berättelse beskriver jag en arbetsdag för mig där jag berättar om en pojke som har problemskapande beteende. Han och vi misslyckas gång på gång under tiden i skolan och på fritidshemmet och jag som pedagog vet inte hur jag ska ge rätt stöd och anpassningar för att hjälpa honom.  Syftet är att jag ska få kunskap och finna strategier för att kunna hjälpa dessa elever samt ge dem rätt stöd och anpassningar för att få en så bra skolgång som möjligt. De primära frågorna är: Vad kan jag som pedagog göra och vilka är de tongivande rekommendationerna idag för att förebygga problem, hjälpa och inkludera elever med problemskapande beteende? Vilket slags stöd behöver den enskilde läraren från skolledning och vårdnadshavare för att kunna arbeta effektivt med dessa elever? Vilka eventuella svårigheter kan vara förknippade med implementeringen av dessa rekommendationer i praktiken? Som undersökningsmetod har jag skrivit en vetenskaplig essä där jag kommer att undersöka och reflektera genom att koppla till teorier och andras tankar samt egna tankar och erfarenheter. I min teoretiska reflektion fokuseras det mycket på den lågaffektiva metoden som Bo Hejlskov Elvèn står bakom men jag kommer också att beskriva svårigheter med den i praktiken.

El presente proyecto consiste en la producción y comercialización de hamburguesas elaboradas a base de sangrecita de pollo para prevenir y combatir la anemia en las personas que la padecen. El proyecto muestra la viabilidad de su ejecución, en base a la investigación realizada en Lima Metropolitana a los NSE “A”,”B” y ”C ”, cuyo resultado nos permitió conocer el grave problema que enfrentan las familias peruanas al combatir una enfermedad latente en nuestra sociedad como lo es la anemia. Esto se debe a la falta de información y conocimiento acerca de productos alimenticios que puedan prevenir este mal. Así mismo, se pudo detectar que muchos padres de familia desconocen el valor nutricional que aporta la sangrecita de pollo, la preparación del alimento y como debe ser consumido para prevenir y combatir la anemia. Finalmente, se descubrió que los padres buscan una manera de darle a su familia alimentos fáciles de preparar y que aporten las suficientes proteínas que el cuerpo necesita. Para poder realizar este proyecto se hizo un análisis de nuestro mercado potencial: consumidores, proveedores, competidores y otros factores externos a la empresa. Además, se utilizaron supuestas hipótesis y experimentos para comprobar la aceptación de nuestro producto. También se pusieron en marcha los siguientes planes: Plan Estratégico, Plan de Operaciones, Plan de Marketing, Plan de Recursos Humanos, Plan de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y el Plan Financiero. Los cuales contienen las estrategias necesarias para la ejecución de este proyecto. / The present project consists in the production and commercialization of hamburgers made with chicken blood to prevent and fight anemia in people who suffer from it. The project shows the feasibility of its execution, based on the research carried out in Metropolitan Lima to the NSE “A”, “B” and “C”, whose result allowed us to know the serious problem faced by Peruvian families in fighting a disease latent in our society as is anemia. This is due to the lack of information and knowledge about food products that can prevent this disease. Likewise, it was found that many parents are unaware of the nutritional value provided by chicken blood, the preparation of food and how it should be consumed to prevent and fight anemia. Finally, it was discovered that parents are looking for a way to give their family easy-to-prepare foods and provide enough protein that the body needs. In order to carry out this project an analysis of our potential market was made: consumers, suppliers, competitors and other factors external to the company. In addition, supposed hypotheses and experiments were used to check the acceptance of our product. The following plans were also implemented: Strategic Plan, Operations Plan, Marketing Plan, Human Resources Plan, Corporate Social Responsibility Plan and the Financial Plan. Which contain the necessary strategies for the execution of this Project. / Trabajo de investigación

Byggsektorn har fortfarande svårigheter med att hantera fuktproblematiken.  Vi har valt att fokusera på hanteringen av material i produktion. Den informationssamling vi utfört ligger till grund för vår analys och slutsats. Vi har intervjuat flera olika entreprenörer från byggbranschen för att ge oss en helhetssyn av fuktsäkerheten ute på byggarbetsplatserna. Studien påvisar att det råder brister både på beställar- och entreprenörssidan. Vi ser att det finns potential för förbättring när det så krävs. Därför rekommenderar vi att högre krav ställs på fuktsäkerheten och att tydliga riktlinjer finns att följa. Den handbok som framtagits är riktat till att hjälpa yrkesarbetarna på entreprenörssidan att uppnå de krav som ställs. Handboken innehåller tillvägagångssätt för materialhantering och fuktkvotsmätning samt kritiska fuktvärden för olika material. / The construction sector still has difficulties in dealing with moisture problems. We have chosen to focus on the material handling in the production phase at the building site. The information collection we performed is the basis for our analysis and conclusion. We have interviewed several contractors in the construction industry to give us a comprehensive view of the moisture safety out on construction sites. The study shows that there are shortcomings on both constructor- and contractor’s side. We see that there is a potential for improvement when it’s required. We recommend that greater demands are placed on the moisture safety and that clear guidelines are to follow. The handbook is directed at helping skilled workers in the contractor end to achieve the required demands. The handbook includes procedures for material handling and moisture measurements as well as critical moisture values for different materials.

Anestesisjuksköterskan ansvarar för att förebygga skador hos patienter under generell anestesi. En fruktad komplikation är awareness, oavsiktlig vakenhet undergenerell anestesi, vilket kan orsaka vårdlidande hos patienter. Syftet var att undersöka hur anestesisjuksköterskan kan förebygga intraoperativ awareness hos patienter under generell anestesi. Studien är en systematisk litteraturstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Sökningar gjordes i CINAHL och PubMed, 14 artiklar inkluderades. Det framkom tre teman: övervakning av anestesidjup, farmakologiska faktorer och icke-farmakologiska faktorer. Resultatet visar att enbart klinisk övervakning inte är tillräckligt för att övervaka anestesidjupet. Användning av bispectral index (BIS) och auditory evoked potentials index (AAI) har visats vara effektiva metoder för att förebygga awareness vid total intravenös anestesi (TIVA). Vid inhalationsanestesi är övervakning med endtidala anestesigaskoncentrationen (ETAC) mer effektivt än BIS. Inhalationsanestesi har visat lägre förekomst av awareness än TIVA. Muskelrelaxantia bör bara användas när det är nödvändigt eftersom det är en av de främsta orsakerna till awareness. Bensodiazepiner minskar troligen förekomsten av awareness. Den mänskliga faktorn har visat sig spela stor roll för att förebygga awareness där läkemedelsadministrering, handhavandefel av anestesiutrustning, okunskap och oerfarenhet om fenomenet är några exempel. Musikterapi har visat goda resultat när det gäller att förebygga awareness. För att minska risken för vårdlidande hos patienter bör anestesisjuksköterskan använda de metoder som har visat goda resultat för att skapa bästa tänkbara förutsättningar för säker vård. Vården bör bedrivas kostnadseffektivt med hänsyn till miljön, men inte på bekostnad av patientsäkerhet och god vård för patienter. / The nurse anesthetist is responsible for preventing injuries in patients under general anesthesia. A feared complication is awareness, accidental wakefulness under general anesthesia, which can cause suffering from care in patients. The objective was to study how the nurse anesthetist can prevent intraoperative awareness in patients under general anesthesia. The study is a systematic literature review with a quantitative design. Searches were made in CINAHL and PubMed, 14 articles were included. Three themes emerged: monitoring depth of anesthesia, pharmacological factors and non-pharmacological factors. The result shows that clinical monitoring alone is not sufficient to monitor the depth of anesthesia. Use of bispectral index (BIS) and auditory evoked potentials index (AAI) have been shown to be effective methods for preventing awareness in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). In case of inhalation anesthesia, monitoring with end-tidal anesthetic concentration (ETAC) is more effective than BIS. Inhalation anesthesia has shown a lower incidence of awareness than TIVA. Muscle relaxants should only be used when necessary as it is one of the main causes of awareness. Benzodiazepines probably reduce the incidence of awareness. The human factor has been shown to play a major role in preventing awareness, where drug administration, handling errors of anesthesia equipment, inadequate knowledge and inexperience about the phenomenon are some examples. Music therapy has shown good results when it comes to preventing awareness. To reduce the risk of suffering in patients, the nurse anesthetist should use the methods that have shown good results to create the best possible conditions for safe care. Care should be carried out cost-effectively with regard to the environment, but not at the expense of patient safety and good care for patients.