Contemporaneamente, o modelo de gerenciamento por competências tem alcançado o âmbito da avaliação do trabalhador na saúde e enfermagem. Nesta perspectiva, o processo avaliativo requer planejamento e organização. O objetivo geral consistiu em compreender como ocorre o preparo do processo avaliativo dos técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem pelos enfermeiros de uma unidade de internação clínica adulto do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, na perspectiva da gestão por competências. O estudo, caracterizado como descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, foi desenvolvido com 13 enfermeiros e os dados coletados entre maio e junho de 2017, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise de conteúdo temática resultou em três categorias: processo avaliativo, uma trajetória a ser discutida; no momento da avaliação, aspectos intervenientes; e, gestão por competências, um novo modelo de avaliação. Os resultados indicam que os enfermeiros se organizam para realizar as avaliações dos técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem no último trimestre do ano, geralmente em duplas, estabelecendo um cronograma e posterior comunicação aos avaliados. Noções sobre conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes perpassam o entendimento dos entrevistados sobre avaliação por competências, embora ainda de modo incipiente. Houve referência à modificação no comportamento dos avaliados em momentos que antecedem à apreciação e às inconveniências logísticas relacionadas ao local das avaliações e ao tempo disponível, comprometendo a privacidade da entrevista avaliativa. Conclui-se sobre a importância de se apropriar de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes, bem como dos recursos proporcionados pelo sistema de gestão por competências da instituição para realizar avaliações com responsabilidade e compromisso. / Currently, the competence-based management model has reached the scope of employee assessment in health and nursing. Under this perspective, the evaluation process requires planning and organization. The general objective of this study was to understand how the nurses at an adult inpatient unit at Hospital de Clínicas dePorto Alegre prepare the assessment process of the unit’s nursing technicians and assistants based on the competence-based management perspective. This qualitative descriptive study was developed with 13 nurses, and data were collected between May and June, 2017 through semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the thematic content resulted in three categories: 1) evaluation process: a path yet to be discussed; 2) aspects that affect the moment of the evaluation; and 3) competence-based management: a new assessment model. The results indicate that the nurses usually get organized in pairs to conduct the evaluations of nursing technicians and assistants in the last quarter of the year. They design a schedule and subsequently inform these staff members. The interviewees demonstrated, although still in an incipient way, some understanding of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes involved in competence-based assessment. Changes in the behavior of the nursing technicians and assistants some moments before the assessment were reported. In addition, logistic inconveniences related to the venue and the time available for the assessment compromised the privacy of the evaluation interview. It can be concluded that it is important for the institution’s competence-based management system to master the required knowledge, skills, and attitudes, as well as to provide the necessary resources, in order to carry out evaluations with responsibility and commitment. / Actualmente, el modelo de gestión por competencias ha alcanzado el ámbito de la evaluación del trabajador en salud y enfermería. En esta perspectiva, el proceso evaluativo requiere planificación y organización. El objetivo general constituye en comprender cómo ocurre la preparación del proceso evaluativo de técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería por los enfermeros de una unidad de internación clínica adulta del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, en la perspectiva de la gestión por competencias. El estudio, caracterizado como descriptivo, de enfoque cualitativo, ha sido desarrollado con 13 enfermeros, y los datos recogidos entre mayo y junio de 2017, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis de contenido temático ha resultado en 3 categorías: proceso evaluativo, una trayectoria a debatirse; en el momento de la evaluación, aspectos intervinientes; y, gestión por competencias, un nuevo modelo de evaluación. Los resultados indican que los enfermeros se organizan para realizar las evaluaciones de los técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería en el último periodo trimestral del año, generalmente en parejas, estableciendo un cronograma y posterior comunicación de los evaluados. Nociones de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes atraviesan el entendimiento de los entrevistados sobre evaluación por competencias, aunque aún de manera incipiente. Ha sido referenciada la modificación en el comportamiento de los evaluados en momentos que anteceden la apreciación y también las inconveniencias logísticas relacionadas al local y al tiempo disponible para las evaluaciones, lo que compromete la privacidad de la entrevista evaluativa. Se concluye sobre la importancia de apropiarse de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes, así como de los recursos proporcionados por el sistema de gestión por competencias de la institución para realizar evaluaciones con responsabilidad y compromiso.

The topic of this thesis is evaluation of management of local voluntary fire brigade units of category JPO II and JPO III in the district of Jindřichův Hradec and suggestions to its amendment. The contents of the thesis is permanent organizational, technical and professional competence which is the essential prerequisite for their setting to rescue and liquidation jobs at emergency events and in critical situations. The goal of the thesis was to judge the management further to the professional training by description of the way of achieving professional competence and realizing professional preparation of local fire brigade members, and to try to find out possible imperfection or unbalanced state between requirements and factual situations. The technique of questionnaires and auricular discussions were used to explore if professional training is carried out regularly and with proper coverage and quality set for the category of fire brigade units of JPO II and JPO III. Through the achieved results of the research the level of management of local voluntary fire brigade units of the category JPO II and JPO III in the district of Jindřichův Hradec has been ascertained. The results of the questionnaire research have shown that the organizational, technical and professional competence is below standard. This allegation can illustrated by the combination of replies in the questionnaires. The research sample was formed by 16 local units of voluntary firemen with 229 active members. In order to improve the situation some procedures have been suggested to eliminate the imperfection. Primarily it is necessary to focus to thorough following the laws, regulations and rulings which are concered with the given points at issue, including checking of their fulfilment. If it is impossible to achieve improvement of duality of organizational, technical and professional competence then it is advisable to talk about the way how to change the relevant legislation followed by optimization of the required prerequisite for ensuring the units preparedness. The members of the local voluntary fire brigade units are required to achieve too high level of knowledge and preparation in comparision with the time assigned to management at present. The set of organizational, technical and professional training as a whole is not complied by any local voluntary fire brigade unit belonging to category II and III of fire protection unit.

INTRODUÇÃO: A preceptoria é uma modalidade de ensino em serviço, que forma profissionais em cenários de prática e que tem ocupado papel de destaque quando se discute a formação de profissionais de saúde. A preceptoria atende às Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de graduação na saúde e ao princípio do Sistema Único de Saúde que preconiza a formação profissional no cenário de prática. Neste contexto, o preceptor, profissional que acompanha o aluno no cenário de prática, ensinando enquanto exerce suas atividades cotidianas, deve ser reconhecido como educador e estar formado de acordo com os princípios da andragogia. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção de preceptores do Sistema Único de Saúde sobre seu papel nos processos educacionais. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório transversal, de abordagem quali-quantitativa, com dados coletados em amostra de conveniência nas cinco regiões do Brasil. Foi construído e validado um instrumento de coleta de dados com 35 afirmações com respostas em escala do tipo Likert de cinco pontos, além de duas perguntas abertas. RESULTADOS: Fizeram parte do estudo 327 preceptores do Sistema Único de Saúde, com média de idade de 37,67 anos e maioria mulheres (80,73%), enfermeiros (35,17%) e profissionais que atuavam na assistência (64,51%). Os participantes afirmaram que a preceptoria é uma atividade educacional em campo de prática, que utiliza métodos ativos de ensino-aprendizagem na formação de profissionais de saúde, sendo considerada como uma ponte entre o sistema de saúde e a academia. Apontaram que desempenham papel de modelo, tutor, orientador, supervisor e mentor ao desenvolverem suas atividades junto aos alunos. A análise de item demonstrou percepção negativa apenas no que dizia respeito à participação parcial da equipe e remuneração na preceptoria. A análise fatorial gerou cinco domínios principais: 1- Competência pedagógica, 2 - Suporte e recursos educacionais, 3 - Planejamento do programa educacional, 4 - Integração ensino-serviço e 5 - Presença do estudante no campo de prática. Os preceptores do nordeste tiveram a visão mais positiva acerca da preceptoria e suas vicissitudes, e os do sudeste a menos positiva. Entre as profissões, os preceptores farmacêuticos apresentaram a pior percepção. CONCLUSÃO: Os preceptores que participaram deste estudo demonstram clareza sobre a natureza da preceptoria e do seu papel de educadores, reconheceram que sua atividade junto aos alunos faz cumprir as diretrizes de formação profissional vigentes no Brasil / INTRODUCTION: Preceptorship is a method of teaching out-of-field teaching which develop students using practical scenarios and is starting to have a important role in the healthcare professional training. Preceptorship attends the requirements of National Curricular Guidelines to healthcare graduation courses and the Unified Public Health System (SUS), which advocates the training of the professional on a practical scenario. In this context, the preceptor, a professional who guides the student on the practical scenario, teaching while developing the daily work routine, must be recognized as an educator and prepared following the principles of andragogy. AIMS: This study aims to analize the perception of the preceptors of the Unified Public Health System about their role on educational proccess. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional scoping study with both qualitative and quantitative approach, with data collected from a convenience sample from the five regions of Brasil. A questionnaire containing 35 statements with answers based on a Likert type scale and two open questions. FINDINGS: 327 preceptors from the Unified Public Health System participated in the study, with an average age of 37.67 years old and a majority of women (80.73%), nurses (35.17%) and professionals working on the assistance (64,51%). The participants describes preceptorship as an educational activity in a practical field, which uses active learning methods of healthcare professionals training, being considered as a bridge between the Unified Public Health System and the university. They consider that they develop a role of model, tutor, leader, supervisor and menthor to the students. The analysis evences that there is a negative perception of the participation of the full professional team and that they get paid to be a preceptor. The fator analysis generated 5 domains: 1. Pedagogical Competencies; 2. Support and educational resources, 3. Eduactional program planning; 4. Integration between teaching and health services and; 5. Attendance of the student on the practical field. Northeast preceptors had the most positive reaction about preceptorship and its vicissitudes, being southeast preceptors the one with the lowest positive one. Between professions, pharmacists showed the worst perception. CONCLUSION: Preceptors that participated the study demonstrated an adequate knowledge about the nature of preceptorship and their role as educators, recognizing that preceptorship fulfills the requirements of Brazilian\'s presente guidelines of professional training

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2015-11-19T14:11:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco das Chagas Ferreira.pdf: 885816 bytes, checksum: 8248124a42ab1f9a723512523341f88c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-19T14:11:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco das Chagas Ferreira.pdf: 885816 bytes, checksum: 8248124a42ab1f9a723512523341f88c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Mestrado Profissional em Ensino na Saúde / O estudo surgiu a partir da vivência do autor como preceptor em Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) que recebe estagiário. Objetivos: descrever as ações que são realizadas pelo enfermeiro na preceptoria de graduandos em UBS; identificar os saberes dos enfermeiros e as competências que ele precisa adquirir ou desenvolver para atuar na preceptoria de graduandos em UBS; discutir sobre as implicações da prática pedagógica do enfermeiro preceptor em sua própria formação permanente; elaborar uma tecnologia educacional para a formação pedagógica em preceptoria de enfermagem e implementá-la na unidade pesquisada. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória. O cenário foi uma UBS de Niterói. Os participantes foram seis enfermeiros preceptores de graduandos em enfermagem. Dados coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Este estudo teve como referencial teórico o educador Philippe Perrenoud. Os dados foram analisados segundo o método de análise de conteúdo de Laurence Bardin, emergindo quatro categorias: Aproximação do conceito de preceptor com o ofício de ensinar; O frágil reconhecimento institucional da UBS como campo de estágio e a oferta de saberes dos preceptores: vencendo dificuldades; O enfermeiro preceptor agindo frente à dinâmica dos fatos que surgem e moldam a realidade em uma UBS; Oportunidades e limitações da prática pedagógica implicando na formação permanente. Conclui-se que há necessidade de discutir e repensar estratégias para orientar o interesse dos preceptores para sua formação permanente, através do desenvolvimento de competências a partir de sua própria prática. Contribuindo, assim, para a valorização da própria profissão e fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde / The study arose from the author's experience as a tutor in Basic Health Unit (BHU) which receives interns. Objectives: To describe the actions that are performed by nurses in the preceptorship of undergraduate BHU; identify the knowledge and skills that the nurses needs to acquire or develop to work in the preceptorship of undergraduate BHU; discuss the implications of the pedagogical practice of the nurse preceptor in his own ongoing education; develop an educational technology for teacher training in nursing preceptorship and implement it in the unit studied. Methodology: This is a qualitative research, descriptive, exploratory. The study setting was a BHU at Niterói. Participants were six nurse preceptors of undergraduate nursing. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. This study used as a theoretical referencial the educator Philippe Perrenoud. Data were analyzed using the method of content analysis Laurence Bardin, emerging four categories: Approaching the concept of preceptor to the office of to teach; The weak institutional recognition of BHU as an internship site and the provision of knowledge of preceptors: overcoming difficulties; The nurse preceptor acting on the dynamic of the facts that emerge and shape the reality in a UBS; Opportunities and limitations of pedagogical practices involving lifelong learning. It is concluded that there is need to discuss and rethink strategies to guide the interest of preceptors for their ongoing formation, through the development of skills from their own practice. Thus contributing to the enhancement of their own profession and strengthening the National Health System

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2015-12-11T15:07:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciane Filgueiras Cadete Caramez.pdf: 1685150 bytes, checksum: 35cc7a3dc8c9d151cc483cd5d2daaaac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-11T15:07:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciane Filgueiras Cadete Caramez.pdf: 1685150 bytes, checksum: 35cc7a3dc8c9d151cc483cd5d2daaaac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial / Trata-se de uma dissertação de Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial, desenvolvido no Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Enfermagem da Escola de Enfermagem Aurora Afonso Costa-Universidade Federal Fluminense. Objetivo geral, conhecer as competências que os gestores de enfermagem atuantes nos hospitais privados da cidade de Volta Redonda no Estado do Rio de Janeiro percebem como suas e compará-las com as competências gerenciais requeridas pela empresa. Objetivos específicos Identificar as competências gerenciais requeridas pela empresa para os enfermeiros; descrever as competências gerenciais percebidas por enfermeiros (as) que atuam como gestores nos hospitais privados e discutir as relações entre as competências exigidas pela empresa e o trabalho desenvolvido pelos gestores de enfermagem. Pesquisa qualitativa tipo estudo de caso múltiplo realizado em três hospitais privados na cidade de Volta Redonda no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com tratamento dos dados através da análise de conteúdo temática. Após a operacionalização os dados foram classificados e agrupados em três categorias, I.Competências gerenciais do enfermeiro direcionadas pela organização; II. Competências gerenciais próprias do enfermeiro e III. As relações entre o exigido e o percebido em matéria de competências gerenciais do enfermeiro. Os resultados apontaram o conhecimento técnico, trabalho em equipe e relacionamento interpessoal como as competências gerenciais de consenso entre os dirigentes das instituições de saúde e os enfermeiros gestores destas instituições. Finaliza-se o estudo, ressaltando-se que é importante o desenvolvimento das competências durante a formação do enfermeiro com isso formando um profissional com conhecimento baseado em evidências científicas, capacidade técnica e capacidade de decidir o que for melhor para a equipe de enfermagem, para o cliente e instituição, ou seja, um profissional crítico e reflexivo / Be a matter of a dissertation of Professional Mestrado in Assistencial Nursing, developed in the Program of Nursing Aurora Afonso Costa –Fluminense Federal University. General object, to know the competences that the operating managers of nursing in the private hospitals of the Volta Redonda City in the State of Rio de Janeiro perceive as its and to compare them with the management competences required by the company. Specific objectives To identify the management competences required by the company; to describe the management competences of the nurses that act as managers in the private hospitals and to argue the relations between the competences demanded for the company and the work developed for the nursing managers. Qualitative research type study of multiple case carried out in three private hospitals in the Volta Redonda city in the state of Rio De Janeiro. The collection of data happened through interviews half-structuralized with treatment of the data through the thematic analysis of content. The results had pointed the technician, work in team and interpersonal relationship as the management competences of consensus between the controllers of the health institutions and the managing nurses of these institutions. The study is finished, standing out itself that the development of the competences is important during the formation of the nurse with this forming a professional with knowledge based on scientific evidences, capacity technique and capacity to decide what will be better for its team, for its pacient and institution, that is, a critical and reflective professional

The purpose of this study is to investigate the view of educators on their participation in free play in preschool. Free play is a typical activity for preschool. Engdahl & Ärlemalm-Hagsér (2015) highlight Fröbel as creator of the concept of free play. According to Fröbel, free play is characterized by creativity, freedom, repetition, learning and development (p. 145). Lindgren, Pramling & Säljö (2017) also motivate free play as chosen and led by the children themselves (p.148). With the revised curriculum, play has generally changed and more space has been given. However, the concept of teaching has been added, which means that the free play is being overshadowed. The curriculum for preschool does not highlight the concept of free play, but play in general, where children must be given the conditions for play so that they themselves initiate and that someone in the work team introduces the play to them (p. 8). Play should have a central place in preschool education, where an approach for everyone who is a part of the work team is to encourage play and confirm the importance of play for children’s development, learning and wellbeing (p.8). Nilsson & Lecusay (2020) believe that play is human’s most distinctive feature (p. 78). and that adults should actively contribute to children’s plays (ibid p. 82). As teaching has taken over most of the activities, there is a fear that the play will be overshadowed and taken for granted. Free play may be seen as a normal behavior, which can lead to it being easily taken for granted (Pramling Samuelsson & Asplund Carlsson 2008, p. 629) and therefore must be encouraged and challenged by adults by participating in the play.

Lindgren, J & Nielsen, H. God omvårdnad sett ur patientens perspektiv. En enkät-undersökning. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö högskola: Hälsa och Samhälle, Utbildningsområde omvårdnad, 2008.Omvårdnad är ett av sjuksköterskans huvudsakliga arbetsområden och ett viktigt forskningsområde. För sjuksköterskan är kunskap om vad patienter uppfattar som god omvårdnad viktig då det gör sjuksköterskan bättre rustad att bemöta dem på ett adekvat sätt. Flera kvalitativa studier har gjorts för att kartlägga patienters upp-fattning om vad god omvårdnad innebär. Syftet med denna studie är att, med hjälp av en enkätundersökning vid två avdelningar, undersöka patienters uppfattning om vad god omvårdnad är. Studien genomfördes på universitetssjukhuset MAS i Malmö. Resultaten från de tidigare studierna delades in i sex kategorier och for-mulerades som enkätfrågor. Inga signifikanta resultat erhölls i denna studie, p g a ett för begränsat underlag. Noterbart är dock tendensen att patienterna värderar professionell kompetens högst av allt medan delaktighet tycks betyda mindre för dem. Även behov av information till anhöriga framkom. Det behövs mer forsk-ning på området för att kunna utröna om resultaten av den tidigare forskningen är generaliserbar. / Lindgren, J & Nielsen, H. God omvårdnad sett ur patientens perspektiv. En enkät-undersökning. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö högskola: Hälsa och Samhälle, Utbildningsområde omvårdnad, 2008.Omvårdnad är ett av sjuksköterskans huvudsakliga arbetsområden och ett viktigt forskningsområde. För sjuksköterskan är kunskap om vad patienter uppfattar som god omvårdnad viktig då det gör sjuksköterskan bättre rustad att bemöta dem på ett adekvat sätt. Flera kvalitativa studier har gjorts för att kartlägga patienters upp-fattning om vad god omvårdnad innebär. Syftet med denna studie är att, med hjälp av en enkätundersökning vid två avdelningar, undersöka patienters uppfattning om vad god omvårdnad är. Studien genomfördes på universitetssjukhuset MAS i Malmö. Resultaten från de tidigare studierna delades in i sex kategorier och for-mulerades som enkätfrågor. Inga signifikanta resultat erhölls i denna studie, p g a ett för begränsat underlag. Noterbart är dock tendensen att patienterna värderar professionell kompetens högst av allt medan delaktighet tycks betyda mindre för dem. Även behov av information till anhöriga framkom. Det behövs mer forsk-ning på området för att kunna utröna om resultaten av den tidigare forskningen är generaliserbar.

Syftet med intervjustudien är att undersöka hur personal på skyddat boende upplever sitt nuvarande arbete med barnen samt hur de tror att deras arbete kan påverkas av de nya lagändringarna som framförs i propositionen “Stärkta rättigheter för barn och vuxna i skyddat boende”, med utgångspunkt i att barn ska få egna placeringsbeslut. Empirin har samlats in genom intervjuer med åtta personal på olika skyddade boenden, såväl ideella som privata. Resultatet har analyserats utifrån professionsteori, handlingsutrymme och yrkeskompetens. Resultatet visar att personalen på skyddat boende har ett relativt stort handlingsutrymme i arbetet med barnen eftersom det inte finns någon reglering kring hur arbetet ska bedrivas. De arbetar för att barnen ska få känna en trygghet i att de befinner sig på en plats fri från våld och för att barnen ska känna sig inkluderade. Resultatet visar även att stöd och hjälp till barn ser olika ut beroende på vilket skyddat boende de befinner sig på eftersom kraven att arbeta med barnen, och därmed kompetensen och resurserna, varierar. Att barn ska få egna placeringsbeslut välkomnas av de flesta respondenterna då det ger upphov till tydliga riktlinjer i arbetet med barnen. Det framkommer dock farhågor kring att vissa barnhandläggare på socialtjänsten brister i kompetens om våld, samt att det kommer att leda till kortare placeringstider på grund av ekonomiska skäl. / The aim of study is to examine how staff in sheltered housing perceive their current work with children and how they believe their work may be affected by the new legislative changes proposed in the bill "Strengthened Rights for Children and Adults in Sheltered Housing", based on that children individually are going to grant a placement decision. The data were collected through interviews with a total of eight professionals in various sheltered housing facilities, both voluntary women's shelters and privately operated sheltered housing. The results were analyzed based on professional theory, discretion and professional competence. The findings indicate that professionals in sheltered housing have a relatively large discretion in working with children, as there is no regulation governing how the work should be conducted. They work to ensure that children feel secure in a place free from violence and to make them feel included. The results also show that support and assistance for children can vary depending on the specific sheltered housing facility, because the requirements to work with the children, and thus the skills, vary. Most professionals welcome that children individually are going to grant a placement decision, as it provides clear guidelines for working with children. However, there is a concern about social services child welfare workers lacking expertise in handling violence, and that the placement times are going to be shorter due to economic circumstances.

Aufgrund der Vorhersagekraft früher mathematischer Kompetenzen für spätere Schulleistungen beschäftigt sich die Forschung mit der Identifikation möglicher Einflussfaktoren der mathematischen Kompetenzentwicklung von Kindern vor Schuleintritt. Da der Großteil der drei- bis sechsjährigen Kinder in Deutschland eine Kindertagesstätte besucht, ist in diesem Zusammenhang die pädagogische Qualität frühkindlicher Bildungseinrichtungen in den Fokus gerückt. Einen wichtigen Aspekt dieser Qualität stellen frühpädagogische Fachkräfte dar. Sie werden als Interaktionspartner:innen von Kindern als potenzieller Einflussfaktor hinsichtlich deren mathematischer Kompetenzentwicklung betrachtet. Im Rahmen der Forschung zur professionellen Kompetenz frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte in Mathematik setzt man sich mit der Frage auseinander, welche Merkmale eine kompetente Fachkraft auszeichnen und inwiefern diese die mathematische Kompetenzentwicklung von Kindern beeinflussen. Während in den letzten Jahren vermehrt die Entwicklung sowie das Zusammenspiel einzelner Facetten professioneller Kompetenz frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte untersucht worden sind, werden Kinder bislang kaum in wissenschaftliche Studien einbezogen. Die vorliegende Dissertation schließt diese Forschungslücke und untersucht die Vorhersagekraft der Kompetenzfacetten Dispositionen und Performanz im Hinblick auf die mathematische Kompetenzentwicklung von Kindern. Damit dies möglich ist, wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Beobachtungsinstrument zum Erfassen der Performanz frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte entwickelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Performanz mithilfe des entwickelten Beobachtungsinstruments zuverlässig erfassen lässt. Weiterhin sagt die Performanz die mathematische Kompetenzentwicklung von Kindern voraus, während dies für die erhobenen Dispositionen nicht gilt. Für den nationalen Forschungsraum handelt es sich hierbei um die ersten beziehungsweise einige der wenigen evidenzbasierten Forschungsergebnisse. / Due to the predictive power of early mathematical skills for later academic achievement, research has been addressing the identification of potential factors influencing children's mathematical development prior to school entry. Since the majority of three- to six-year-old children in Germany attends pre¬schools, the pedagogical quality of early childhood and care institutions has come into focus. One important aspect of pedagogical quality are early childhood educators. They are regarded as a potential influencing factor for children’s mathematical development. Therefore, research on professional competence of early childhood educators in mathematics delves into identifying the characteristics which distinguish competent early childhood educators and how these characteristics may potentially influence children’s mathematical development. While the development and interplay between different facets of professional competence have been a major concern of research in recent years, children have hardly been included in scientific studies. This dissertation closes this research gap and examines the predictive power of dispositions and performance, both which are facets of professional competence, for children’s mathematical development. In order to achieve this, an observation instrument assessing early childhood educators’ performance has been developed. The results show that early childhood teachers’ performance can be measured reliably using the developed observation instrument. Furthermore, performance predicts children’s mathematical development while this is not the case for early childhood teachers’ dispositions. Within the national research context, these results are among the first evidence-based research findings that outline the relationship between distinct facets of early child¬hood educators’ professional competence and children’s mathematical development.

Brandmän arbetar i situationer av stark osäkerhet och risk. Ett fungerande lagarbete är en förutsättning för att de ska kunna hantera de faror som förekommer vid olyckor, samordna sin verksamhet, rädda byggnader och fordon, ta hand om drabbade människor och även undvika att själva bli skadade. Blivande brandmän måste alltså lära sig arbetssätt som inbegriper både samordning, interaktion och individuella insatser i en mycket speciell och krävande arbetsmiljö. Denna studie bygger på deltagande observationer och intervjuer inom den tvååriga yrkesutbildningen Skydd Mot Olyckor. I fokus står hur studenterna i komplexa insatsövningar lär sig en praktisk förståelse av lagarbetet i sitt kommande yrke. Studien analyserar hur övningarna organiseras som en samtidig rekonstruktion och simulering av operativa arbetsuppgifter. Skolans övningsverksamhet ses alltså som en del av ett bredare lärandefält och med nära relationer till räddningstjänstens operativa verksamhet. I studien ges en detaljerad bild av hur övningarna genomförs samt av hur studenterna lär sig skapa kontroll. Det gäller såväl över arbetets materiella villkor och tekniska utrustning som över sociala interaktioner i arbetslaget och emotionella reaktioner på osäkerhet och risk. Studien bygger på ett sociokulturellt lärandeperspektiv med emfas på praktik och lärande av praktisk förståelse. I studien kombineras perspektiv från sociologi och från Science-and-Technology-Studies (STS) för att fånga praktikens sociomateriella dimensioner av teknik, social koordinering och emotioner. / Firefighters work in situations of strong uncertainty and risk. A functional teamwork is a precondition in order for them to handle dangers occurring at accidents, coordinate their activity, saving buildings and vehicles, take care of victims and avoid being hurt themselves. Potential firefighters must learn working methods that involve bringing together efforts, interaction and individual achievements in a very special and demanding work environment. The study investigates how students, through their participation in complex reallife simulations of operational work, learn a practical understanding of firefighting practice. The study draws on participant observations and interviews within the two-year firefighter’s vocational training program, Skydd mot olyckor. The study analyzes how exercises are organized simultaneously as reconstruction and simulation of operational tasks. The training program is seen as part of a larger learning field with close ties to firefighting practice. The study gives a detailed account of how exercises are conducted and of how students learn to achieve control in and through work. That includes material conditions and equipment as well as social interaction within the team and emotional reactions on uncertainty and risk. The study uses a socio-cultural learning perspective with an emphasis on practice and practical understanding. Perspectives from sociology and Science-and-Technology-Studies (STS) are combined to capture the socio-material dimensions of the specific practice studied, including technology, social coordination and emotions.