<p>Bakgrund: Projektifiering innebär att företag går från en stark linjeorganisation mot att betona projektdimensionen. Denna förändring skapar nya förutsättningar för medarbetare och torde även ha samband med företagets syn på sin personal som strategisk resurs. </p><p>Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga och analysera de förändringar som sker inom Human Resource Management i samband med företags projektifiering. </p><p>Genomförande: Det empiriska materialet består huvudsakligen av intervjuer med nyckelpersoner på Posten och Saab Aerospace. </p><p>Resultat: HR-funktionen har en viktig roll i projektifieringsprocessen. Två sätt att organisera HR-funktionen har identifierats, vilka påverkar möjligheten att anta denna roll. HR-relaterade problem får olika proportioner beroende på hur företag väljer att organisera projektverksamheten.</p>

Bakgrund: Projektifiering innebär att företag går från en stark linjeorganisation mot att betona projektdimensionen. Denna förändring skapar nya förutsättningar för medarbetare och torde även ha samband med företagets syn på sin personal som strategisk resurs. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga och analysera de förändringar som sker inom Human Resource Management i samband med företags projektifiering. Genomförande: Det empiriska materialet består huvudsakligen av intervjuer med nyckelpersoner på Posten och Saab Aerospace. Resultat: HR-funktionen har en viktig roll i projektifieringsprocessen. Två sätt att organisera HR-funktionen har identifierats, vilka påverkar möjligheten att anta denna roll. HR-relaterade problem får olika proportioner beroende på hur företag väljer att organisera projektverksamheten.

I Malmö bedrivs ett tjugotal arbetsintegrerade projekt parallellt som är riktad mot samma målgrupp. I denna studie kvalitativt undersöks ” projektifiering av integrationsinsatser inom arbetsmarknaden” i Malmö. Studiens syfte besvaras genom en analys av den insamlade materialen med stöd av tidigare forskning inom fältet. Uppsatsens resultat tyder på att arbetsmetodiken i de flesta projekten handlar i första hand om att lösa de individuella problemen hos Malmöbor och i andra hand åtgärda stupröret mellan de involverade myndigheterna och aktörer. Styrningen av arbetsmarknadsinsatser blir komplex på grund av inblandning av flertal lokala, nationella och internationella aktörer i finansäring och genomförande av projekten. Vidare relationen mellan kommunens förvaltning och politikerna är avgörande för utformning av den kommunala styrningen. Detta komplexitet begränsar politikers handlingsutrymme att kunna styra och kontrollera integrationsinsatser i arbetsmarknaden i sin helhet. / In Malmo, around twenty work-integrated projects are being run parallelly that are the same group. This study qualitatively examines " the projectification of integration efforts in the labor market" in Malmo. The questions of the study are answered through an analysis of the collected material with support of previous research in the field. The results of the essay indicate that using methodology in most projects is primarily about solving the individual problems of Malmo residents and secondarily about fixing the gap between the authorities and involved organizations. The management of integration in labor-markets becomes complex due to the involvement of several actors in local, national, and international levels in the financing and implementing of the projects. Further, the relationship between the municipal administration and the politicians is crucial for shaping the municipal policy. This complexity limits the scope for politicians to manage and control integration efforts in the labor market as a whole.

Studiens syfte är att belysa projektledares upplevelser och agerande för arbetsrelaterad hälsa i projekt inom offentlig sektor. Via explorativa intervjuer med nio projektledare från sju olika myndigheter beskrivs allt från det organisatoriska klimatet och förutsättningarna för hälsa i projekt samt deras eget bidrag i sin roll. Resultatet visade på upplevelser av bristande förutsättningar inom organisationerna i stort beskrivna i temat ”Som ett löv för vinden”. Otydlighet i vem som bär ansvaret för hälsa på arbetet illustreras via temat ”Var det inte din tur att vattna?”. Deras reflektioner kring det egna bidraget och goda förutsättningar som finns inom projektets ramar beskrivs som ”Den goda jordmånen”. Slutsatser som dras är att det finns behov av att hitta ett systematiskt sätt att främja och belysa hälsa, tydliggöra ansvar och öka kunskapen om hur hälsa uppnås och vinsterna med dessa. / The aim of the study was to investigate the experiences and actions for work related health in projects within government agencies. By exploratively ask nine project managers from seven different governments of work-related health they describe everything from the climate of the government and conditions for health and their own contribution in their own role as a leader. The results showed that there is an experience of deficient conditions within the government described as “Like a leaf to the wind”. Unclarity when it comes to responsibility for health at work illustrated in the theme: “wasn’t it your turn to nourish the soil?”. Their own thoughts of their contribution and the good conditions within the project described as “The good soil”. The conclusions of the study showed that there is a need of finding a systematic way of working with and spread light to health, make responsibilities even more clear and raise the knowledge how to contribute to health at work and the profits of it.

Today, integration is one of the questions that has increased considerably in importance for the Swedish voter. It is the local municipalities that are responsible for the establishment of immigrants. Since the 1990’s, methods from the private arena have become more common in the public sector. These strategies originate from The New Public Management, where temporary projects have become the norm within the public administration. This essay examines the integration project “Women Can” in Tingsryd, with the ambition to analyze whether the project holds any preventative measures that are long lasting or is rather to be seen as a short-term solution. Former research has shown that temporary integration projects often tend to result in short-term solutions for long-term problems. Using the factors cooperation, implementation and the identification of needs among with interviews with the projects managers as method. This essay shows that the project “Women can” has resulted in the implementation of some preventative tools. However, the project has failed regarding cooperation and the identification of needs, resulting in a short-term solution for the long- term integration question among immigrant women on the labor market in Tingsryd.

Regional project finance is an important national economic instrument for regional develop-ment in Sweden. Despite that, the research on the subject is limited meaning that there is little knowledge of the instrument’s distribution and consequences. This is problematic regarding the goal of the project funds, which is to contribute to growth throughout the country. The aim of this thesis was therefore partly to investigate how the distribution, and the applications of, regional project funds differ between Swedish municipalities with different geographical characteristics, partly to analyse the reasons for these differences. The study was a qualitative case study of Västerbotten and was divided into two parts. The first part was based on a data material on project funds of Region Västerbotten between 2014-2020 to examine how the project funds were applied for, and distributed, between the region´s municipalities during that period. The second part was mainly based on transcripts from interviews with municipal officials from six municipalities to examine the explanations for those differences. The result shows that there are significant differences between municipalities with different geographical characteristics of Västerbotten which is explained by differences in access to resources and participation in collaborative projects between the municipalities. In conclusion it therefore seems to be some challenges in enabling the whole country to take advantage of these funds.

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the research on projectification of public administration. It aims to fill the gap of the previous research on implementation and hand over of project results to operating functions in municipal context by shedding light on project managers’ experiences in the Swedish municipal public administration. To reach this aim one research question has been used; what experiences does project managers have regarding implementation and hand over of project results in the municipal sector? When trying to answer the research question the study uses a definition of experience as someone’s impressions and thoughts, feelings and perception, practises and acts that is generated from a lived through or perceived experience. The study uses semi-structured interviews with ten project managers from different Swedish municipal public administrations and from diverse project types to gather material. The material has been analysed using thematic method and the analysis resulted in five different themes. The results show that project managers’ impressions and thoughts are that more responsibility is needed among actors connected to project and they seem to think that a possible shift in responsibility has occurred. They also think that a higher degree of regard needs to be taken to budget arrangements and that an important aspect is to establish and anchor the project in the main organisation and it is assisted through participation and promotion. The project managers feel and perceive mostly adverse feelings regarding implementation and hand over of project results. They seem satisfied when they can build alliances to succeed with implementation to reach utility realization in the ordinary operations.Finally, the study shows practises and acts that project managers utilizes regarding implementation and hand over of project results. They see great use from establishing, anchoring, and creating structure in the receiving operations. They ensure this by planning the hand over throughout the whole project, identifying and integrating with the receiver, affecting the formulation of goals and plan and produce material that can be handed over. They also use communications to a great extent and identifies that communication skill is an important skill to foster to succeed. They work hard to succeed with their mission and show a lot of flexibility and availability after their projects ended and recognizes that it is useful to stay contactable after the project result has been handed over to aid use of project results in the receiving operations.

Intensified agriculture has led to a dramatic decline of farmland biodiversity in Europe during the 20th century, making farmland policies of utmost importance within the European Union [EU]. The Greening, which is a part of the Common Agricultural Policy [CAP] was created to combat the negative effects of intensified agriculture. However, the policy did not achieve the goal of safeguarding farmland biodiversity and will be replaced in the upcoming CAP-reform. This study researches if a landscape perspective and nature-inclusive farming can increase the efficiency of the Greening in Scanian farmlands. Through semi-structured interviews with professionals on a regional level, we investigated: What are the obstacles that hinder regional solutions to farmland biodiversity issues in Scania, Sweden? Through the lens of governance, the results emphasized a need for new arrangements between all stakeholders in order to solve the issue of declining farmland biodiversity in Scania. The main obstacles for incorporating a landscape perspective and nature-inclusive farming are the lack of regional influence in the Greening, short program periods, and low profitability for farmers. We argue that these obstacles stem from the complex, multilevel governing system of the EU, and the projectification of the CAP. We suggest adopting a Common Pool Resource [CPR] framework for farmland biodiversity in Scania as an efficient way of surpassing the obstacles. However, further research is needed to create a cohesive view of the use value of farmland biodiversity. We concluded that although the results might be applicable to other regions within the EU, it is important to further research other regions in terms of local landscape conditions and local governance for effective results. / Intensifierat jordbruk har inneburit en dramatisk minskning av den biologiska mångfalden i jordbrukslandskap i Europa under 1900-talet, vilket gör jordbrukspolitiken central inom Europeiska unionen [EU]. Förgröningsstödet, som är en del av EU:s gemensamma jordbrukspolitik, skapades för att motverka de negativa effekterna av intensifierat jordbruk. Förgröningsstödet uppnådde emellertid inte målet att skydda den biologiska mångfalden i jordbrukslandskap, och kommer att ersättas i nästkommande reform. Den här studien undersökte om ett landskapsperspektiv, samt naturinkluderande jordbruk kunde öka ändamålsenligheten av Förgröningsstödet i det skånska jordbrukslandskapet. Genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med tjänstemän på en regional nivå, undersöktes: Vilka är hindren som motarbetar regionala lösningar på problem som berör biologisk mångfald inom det skånska jordbruket? Utifrån ett governance-perspektiv, betonade resultaten ett behov av nya arrangemang mellan samtliga aktörer för att lösa problemet med minskad biologisk mångfald inom skånskt jordbruk. De främsta hindren för att inkludera ett landskapsperspektiv samt naturinkluderande jordbruk var bristen på regionalt inflytande, de korta programperioderna, samt låg lönsamhet för jordbrukare. Vi hävdar att hindren härrör från den komplexa flernivåstyrningen inom den gemensamma jordbrukspolitiken, samt projektifiering av den. Vi föreslår att anta ett Common Pool Resource [CPR] ramverk för biologisk mångfald inom skånskt jordbruk som ett effektivt sätt att övervinna hindren. Ytterligare forskning behövs dock för att skapa en enhetlig bild av användningsvärdet av biologisk mångfald i jordbrukslandskap. Avslutningsvis menar vi att även om resultaten kan gå att applicera på andra regioner inom EU, ligger det stor vikt vid att undersöka lokala förhållanden inom landskap och styrning för att nå effektiva resultat