Orientador: Alfredo Pereira Junior / Resumo: Esta pesquisa buscou investigar as representações sociais sobre a Saúde Mental por psicólogos atuantes no sistema de saúde da cidade de Diadema, São Paulo. O trabalho utilizou como referência o método de análise das Representações Sociais proposto por Moscovici (1961). O procedimento foi realizado a partir de seis (6) entrevistas semi dirigidas; objetivando conhecer as formas como o tema Saúde Mental é apreendido por profissionais ligados diretamente à Saúde Coletiva. / Abstract: This research aimed to investigate social representations about Mental Health by psychologists who work in the health system in the city of Diadema-SP-Brasil. The research used as reference the concept of Social Representation advanced by Moscovici (1961). The research was made by means of six semi-structural interviews, with the objective of knowing how the concept of mental health is apprehended by professionals who are active in the Public health service. / Mestre

The aim of this study was to evaluate the National Neonatal Screening Program in Sergipe State in Brazil Northeastern (PNTN/SE) for phenylketonuria (PKU). It was performed a cross-sectional study. Variables assessed were: phenylalanine blood concentrations at filter paper collected from the heel of 43.449 children (PKUneo); blood phenylalanine concentrations obtained by venipuncture in the children with abnormal PKUneo; children s age in the different program phases from January 2007 to June 2008; and the coverage in 2007. The suspected children were selected when PKUneo were above the cut-off level of 5 mg/dL. Furthermore, these children were classified by the venous concentration of phenylalanine in according to the literature, thereby obtaining the prevalence of hyperphenylalaninemy (HPA) and phenylketonuria from January 2007 to June 2008. The cases diagnosed before 2007 were not analysed. Finally, we verified the venous concentrations of phenylalanine at those children on dietetic treatment for the disease as much as the amount of phenylalanine present on their diet. The children s age at PKUneo collection was 107 days (MDP), the age when the assay was done was 2813 days and at the venous collection in the diagnosis confirmation was 5317 days. Twelve children were called based on the PKUneo cut-off. From these, the concentrations of phenylalanine collected by venipuncture were normal in five children, one child was classified as hyperphenylalaninemy and five as PKU with the prevalence of 1/43449 and 1/8690, respectively. The treatment for PKU began with 5112 days. The coverage of PNTN/SE/2007 was 78.93%, besides, 11% of the Sergipe´s children that have private health care. In conclusion, PNTN/SE presented satisfactory coverage, PKU and hyperphenylalaninemy prevalences compatible with the literature and adequate cut-off. On the other hand, the collection of PKUneo is late and the onset of treatment is delayed. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal no Estado de Sergipe no Nordeste do Brasil (PNTN/SE) para a fenilcetonúria (PKU). Foi realizado um estudo transversal. As variáveis estudadas foram: concentrações de fenilalanina no sangue coletado em papel-filtro do calcanhar de 43.449 crianças (PKUneo); concentrações de fenilalanina no sangue coletado por punção venosa realizada nas crianças convocadas após resultado de PKUneo alterado; idade das crianças nas diferentes fases do PNTN/SE, no período entre janeiro de 2007 a junho de 2008, e a cobertura do programa no ano de 2007. As crianças suspeitas foram selecionadas quando apresentavam concentrações de PKUneo acima do ponto de corte de 5 mg/dL. Além disso, classificamos estas crianças segundo as concentrações venosas de fenilalanina de acordo com a literatura, calculando, assim, a prevalência de PKU e da hiperfenilalaninemia (HPA) no período de janeiro de 2007 a junho de 2008, não utilizando os casos diagnosticados antes de janeiro de 2007 e depois de junho de 2008. Por fim, foram acompanhadas as concentrações venosas de fenilalanina das crianças classificadas como fenilcetonúricas e hiperfenilalaninêmicas em tratamento dietético, assim como a quantidade de fenilalanina ingerida na alimentação. A idade das crianças, na coleta do PKUneo, foi de 107 dias (MDP), na realização do ensaio foi de 2813 dias e na coleta para confirmação do diagnóstico foi de 5317 dias. Foram convocadas doze crianças após resultado de PKUneo alterado, das quais cinco tiveram concentrações venosas normais de fenilalanina, uma foi classificada como hiperfenilalaninêmica e cinco como fenilcetonúricas com prevalência de 1/43449 e 1/8690, respectivamente. A terapia nas cinco crianças com PKU foi iniciada com 5112 dias. A cobertura do PNTN/SE em 2007 foi de 79%, não sendo considerados nesse resultado os 11% da população coberta por planos privados de saúde. Deste modo, o PNTN/SE apresentou no período estudado cobertura satisfatória, prevalências de PKU e HPA compatíveis com àquelas encontradas na literatura e ponto de corte adequado. Em contrapartida, a coleta do PKUneo é tardia e o início do tratamento é demorado.

Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho documental utilizando o audiovisual como lócus de instalação de depoimentos de lideranças indígenas do Estado do Acre, Brasil. O objetivo é analisar registros de vivências de lideranças indígenas sobre suas condições de vida, como contribuição às políticas públicas do SUS. E apresentar uma proposta interventiva a partir das potencialidades do vídeo documentário. Resultados: A população indígena, por uma série de motivos, certamente é a parcela da população brasileira sobre a qual menos existem dados específicos que permitam o estabelecimento de políticas de saúde pública eficazes. Embora tenham ocorrido avanços significativos no conhecimento das questões indígenas e um crescente empoderamento das lideranças indígenas na luta por seus direitos básicos de cidadania, a situação ainda está aquém do esperado. Temas relevantes abordados: 1. Participação nas instâncias do poder público/ direitos indígenas. 2. Medicina tradicional exterioridade da doença. 3. Dificuldades com o SUS. 4. Cuidados de saúde nas aldeias. 5. Segurança Alimentar e desnutrição. 6. Qualidade da água e saneamento básico. 7. Logística. 8. Cobertura vacinal. 9. Saúde das mulheres indígenas. 10. Ecologia e biodiversidade. 11. Morte de crianças indígenas. Conclusões: 1. A omissão sistemática dos governos em qualificar agentes de saúde indígenas no tocante às intervenções em saúde individual e coletiva e no exercício dos direitos sociais. 2. Falta de empenho do SUS em contratar profissionais com formação especializada para compor as equipes e direções do Sistema de Saúde que atuam nas aldeias e nos postos avançados de saúde no interior do território. 3. Dificuldades de comunicação entre as equipes do SUS e os povos indígenas. Há barreiras de idioma, de cultura e de percepção do processo saúde-doença / Method: This is a qualitative research that uses the documentary audio-visual like a place of installation register statements of native indigenous leaders of Acre, Brazil. The objective is to analyze records of indigenous leaders from experiences about their living conditions as a contribution to public SUS policies. And present an interventional proposal from the documentary video potentiality. Results: The indigenous population, for a number of reasons, it is certainly the Brazilian population, on which there is less specific data that allow the establishment of effective public health policies. Although there have been significant advances in knowledge of indigenous issues and a growing empowerment of indigenous leaders in the struggle for their basic rights of citizenship, the situation is still below expectations. Relevant topics approached:1. Participation in public authoritys instances / indigenous rights. 2. Traditional medicine - externality of the disease. 3. Difficulties with SUS. 4. Health care in villages. 5. Food security and malnutrition. 6. Water quality and basic sanitation. 7. Logistics. 8. Vaccination coverage. 9. Indigenous women\'s health. 10. Ecology and biodiversity. 11. Death of indigenous children. Conclusions: 1. the systematic omission of governments in qualify indigenous health workers with regard to the individual and collective health interventions and the exercise of social rights. 2. Lack of commitment of the SUS in hiring professionals with specialized training to compose the teams and directions of the Health System that work in the villages and in the outposts of health in the territory. 3. Difficulties in communication between SUS teams and indigenous peoples. There are barriers to language, culture and perception of the health-disease process

Marketisation reforms has for a long time been a recurring and debated phenomena, which has recently blossomed by the reform proposal of the Swedish Public Employment Service presented in the so-called “January-agreement”. The aim of this qualitative study is therefor to examine the reform proposal of the Swedish Public Employment Service presented in the “January-agreement” and relate this to marketisation. This will in this study be done by theory consuming of first George Sörensen theory about the impact of globalization on the welfare state, to give a broad view of the cause of marketisation. Then Patrik Halls definition of marketisation within NPM, to explain the meaning and effects of marketisation. And finally, Bo Rothsteins description of the market-equal model, to examine how the creation of legitimacy can be seen as a motive for the reform. The conclusions show that marketisation can describe the reform proposal presented in the January-agreement, which can be seen as a creation of public constructed market with a distinct client focus. Further, the market-equal model shows how the low public confidence for the Swedish Public Employment Service can be seen as a strong motive for some type of marketisation in other to create an increased legitimacy. / Marknadisering har länge varit ett återkommande debatterat ämne, som nyligen blommat upp genom reformförslaget av Arbetsförmedlingen i det så kallade Januariavtalet. Målet med denna kvalitativa studie är därför att förklara och analysera reformförslaget i Januariavtalet och relatera det till marknadisering. Det görs i uppsatsen genom en teorikonsumering av först George Sörensens teori om globaliseringens påverkan på välfärdsstaten, som används för att ge en bredare syn av orsaken till marknadisering. Sedan kommer Patrik Halls definition av marknadisering inom NPM användas för att förklara innebörden och effekterna av marknadisering. Till sist används Bo Rothsteins förklaring av den marknadslika modellen, för att förkalkar hur reformförslaget kan motiveras utifrån en legitimitetsaspekt. Uppsatsens huvudsakliga slutsatser är att marknadisering kan förklara reformförslaget i Januariavtalet, som kan ses som ett skapande av en offentlig marknad med tydligt kundfokus. Utifrån den marknadslika modellen kan Arbetsförmedlingens låga förtroende ses som ett strakt motiv för någon form av marknadisering för att skapa legitimitet.

Dans un contexte de chômage fort dans toute l’Europe depuis de nombreuses années (taux moyenautour de 10%), la capacité à faire le lien entre l’offre et la demande d’emploi est cruciale etessentielle pour limiter le chômage.Les pouvoirs publics français ont consacré une attention particulière au service public de l’emploiqui a fait l’objet d’une transformation importante incarnée par la création de Pôle emploi en 2008.Force est de constater que cette réforme n’a pas permis d’atteindre les objectifs escomptés et queles critiques pleuvent sur l’inefficacité de cette nouvelle structure. La crise de légitimité de Pôleemploi s’illustre notamment par l’existence d’un écosystème « parallèle » de l’intermédiationoffre/demande qui s’est développé en marge du service public de l’emploi en regroupant unensemble d’acteurs spécialisés (cabinets de recrutement, sociétés d’intérim, etc.) et de servicesnumériques dédiés (job board - Monster, JobiJoba, Cadremploi, Le Bon Coin - ; réseaux sociaux –Linkedin, Viadéo - ; etc.) sur lesquels s’appuient les entreprises et les candidats pour répondre àleurs besoins. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’identifier les contraintes structurelles etorganisationnelles qui expliquent la crise de légitimité du service public de l’emploi français. Nostravaux ont également pour objectif d’illustrer, au travers du cas de Pôle emploi, le concept de« trappe à légitimité » qui s’applique, sous certaines conditions, aux organisations évoluant dansun contexte non concurrentiel. Nous proposons enfin d’en tirer des conclusions théoriques et desimplications managériales applicables à l’élaboration d’une stratégie de réforme pour lesorganismes du service public notamment. / In a context of high unemployment across Europe for many years (average around 10%), theability to link job supply and demand is crucial and essential to limit unemployment.The French authorities have devoted particular attention to reform the public employment servicewhich resulted in a major transformation embodied by the creation of « Pôle emploi » in 2008. Itis clear that this reform has not achieved the desired objectives and many critics are on theineffectiveness of this new structure.The crisis of legitimacy of « Pôle emploi » is especially illustrated by the existence of anecosystem of intermediation between supply and demand that has been developed in the marginsof public employment service. It includes a set of specialist players (recruitment agencies,temporary employment agencies, etc.) and dedicated digital services (job board - Monster,JobiJoba, Cadremploi Le Bon Coin -; social networks - LinkedIn, Viadeo -; etc.) in which firmsand candidates rely on to meet their needs.The aim of this research is to identify structural and organizational constraints that explain thecrisis of legitimacy of the french public employment service. Our work also aims to illustrate,through the case of « Pôle emploi », the concept of "hatch of legitimacy" that applies, undercertain conditions, on organizations operating in a non-competitive environment. We finallypropose to draw theoretical conclusions and managerial implications applicable to thedevelopment of a reform strategy for public organizations.

I september 2019 valde Arbetsförmedlingen att samarbeta med framgångsrika personer i reklamkampanjen Gör plats. Kampanjen bestod av fem bilder där frågan ställdes om de framgångsrika personerna hade nått lika stor framgång om de haft en funktionsnedsättning. En av bilderna föreställde Therese Lindgren och Natalie Eriksson vilken var en bild som fick stor kritik. Studien syftar till att göra en medieanalys av kampanjen för att undersöka hur kritiken kring kampanjen såg ut samt hanterades av Arbetsförmedlingen. Därtill undersöker även studien hur de båda medverkande beskrev sin uppfattning av kampanjen i sociala medier. Studien visar att de teman som kritiken främst handlar om kan delas in i fyra kategorier: att tillräcklig information inte getts, fotograferingen, modellerna på bilderna samt kampanjbildens text. Arbetsförmedlingen hanterade kritiken på flera sätt däribland genom att svara på frågor som ställdes. Det värsta med bilden är enligt Natalie Eriksson texten som hon inte var medveten om skulle vara med. Therese Lindgren ansåg till en början att kampanjen lyfte en viktig fråga och försvarar den men väljer efter ytterligare kritik att be om ursäkt. / In September 2019, the Swedish Public Employment Service chose to cooperate with successful people in the advertising campaign Gör plats (eng. Make room). The campaign consisted of five pictures questioning if these successful people would have become equally successful if they had had a disability. One of the pictures presented Therese Lindgren and Natalie Eriksson, which was a picture that received the largest criticism. The study aims to conduct a media analysis of the campaign to examine what the criticism of the campaign looked like and how the Swedish Public Employment Service handled the criticism. In addition to this, the study also examines how the participants described their perception of the campaign in social media. Case study is used as a method in the study where material has been collected via triangulation and has been analyzed through a qualitative content analysis. The collected material has been analyzed in relation to the theories: media and convergence, influencer, influencer marketing, social responsibility, and context. The study shows that the themes which the criticism is mainly about can be divided into four categories: that sufficient information has not been given, the photography session, the models of the pictures, and the text of the campaign picture. The Swedish Public Employment Service handled the criticism in several ways, amongst this by answering the questions that were asked. Another way in which the criticism was handled was by apologizing to the participants. Natalie Eriksson’s perception of the campaign describes that models with CP are vulnerable, and she felt that the photographer did everything to aggravate her CP during the photography session. According to Natalie Eriksson, the worst part of the picture is the text, which she was not aware would be included. At first, Therese Lindgren thought that the campaign raised an important issue, and she defended the campaign. After further criticism, she chose to educate herself in multiple questions and she is sorry that the pictures have caused harm. The intentions where good but the result was the opposite and according to Therese Lindgren, the campaign should never have been made.

At the end of 2022 nearly 75 percent of those registered unemployed at the Swedish Public Employment Service [PES] was considered to belong to the category of long term unemployed with weak competitiveness in the labour market. This group of individuals is often aligned with numerous complex needs. To counteract and end unemployment in this group the PES need comprehensive collaborations with other actors.    The aim of this study is to examine and compare how the Swedish PES and the local labour market offices in three Swedish municipalities collaborate and communicate regarding the local job tracks. The study is limited to three questions: How does the PES and the municipality collaborate around the local job tracks? What prerequisites must be in place to facilitate the communication that successful collaboration requires? What factors affect the prerequisites of communications both positively and negatively?   To answer our questions, we have used a qualitative method and interviewed three respondents in each of the three municipalities. To analyse our results, we’ve used the terms regulations, organisations, point of view and relational power taken from two theories of collaboration developed by sociologist Berth Danermark.    Our findings show that the prerequisite needed to facilitate the communication that successful collaboration needs are clearly defined guidelines in the written agreements around communication, clearly organised communicative roles as well as continued dialogue to create shared points of view and reflection.

This study investigates the interplay between institutional structures, organizational culture, and the efficacy of employment initiatives, focusing on the Swedish Public Employment Service (Arbetsförmedlingen) and its implementation of subsidized employment programs known as "nystartsjobb."  Through qualitative interviews and analysis of existing literature, the study examines how external institutional pressures shape Arbetsförmedlingen's approach to addressing potential exploitation within “nystartsjobb” placements. Findings reveal a complex dynamic wherein the organization navigates formal and informal norms of the labor market while striving to maintain legitimacy and public trust.  Despite acknowledging the risk of employer exploitation, respondents note a lack of proactive measures to prevent exploitation, with interventions typically triggered by specific complaints or suspicions. Furthermore, the study highlights internal organizational attitudes, with nystartsjobb often viewed as a short-term support mechanism rather than a pathway to sustainable employment. The absence of systematic follow-up exacerbates this issue, hindering the program's ability to fulfill long-term employment goals.  Ultimately, the study underscores the significance of both institutional structures and organizational culture in shaping the implementation and outcomes of employment policies, while also prompting considerations for future research on program effectiveness and sustainability.

Arbetsmarknadspolitiken har historiskt sett varit både ett kommunalt och statligt ansvar som från mitten av 1900-talet koncentrerats till en statlig nivå och till myndigheten Arbetsförmedlingen. Både forskning och statliga utredningar har konstaterat att kommuner mer och mer tagit sig an arbetet med arbetsmarknadspolitik och idag har merparten av Sveriges kommuner en arbetsmarknadsavdelning med fokus på insatser för arbetssökande. Vår forskningsöversikt och de utredningar som presenterats som vår empiri visar att det råder en oklar ansvarsfördelning mellan stat och kommun inom arbetsmarknadspolitiken. Vi har presenterat tidigare forskning på området arbetsmarknadspolitik som både avhandlat ansvarsfrågan gällande Arbetsförmedlingen och kommunerna, men även mellan organisation och individ. Denna uppsats har, genom en teorikonsumerande ansats, undersökt denna oklara ansvarsfördelning med fokus på kommuner och Arbetsförmedlingen. Genom det teoretiska ramverket institutionella logiker har vi studerat offentliga utredningar gällande organiseringen av arbetsmarknadspolitiken samt remissvar från berörda aktörer. Resultatet av studien har visat att dessa aktörer formulerar ansvar utifrån olika institutionella logiker som i många fall är motstridiga. Uppsatsen bidrar vidare till att ge en bild av vad dessa logiker ger för ingång till ansvarsbegreppet och förklarar olika möjliga orsaker till att ansvaret kan ses som oklart. / Labour market policy has historically been both a municipal and state responsibility, which since the mid-20th century has been concentrated at the state level and managed by the Public Employment Service. Both research and government inquiries have found that municipalities have increasingly taken on the work of labour market policy, and today the majority of Sweden's municipalities have a labour market department focused on measures for job seekers. Our research overview and the inquiries presented as our empirical data show that there is an unclear division of responsibilities between the state and municipalities in labour market policy. We have presented previous research in the area of labour market policy, which has addressed the issue of responsibility concerning the Public Employment Service and municipalities, as well as between organization and individual. This thesis, through a theory-consuming approach, has examined this unclear division of responsibilities with a focus on municipalities and the Public Employment Service. Through the theoretical framework of institutional logics, we have studied Swedish Government Official Reports regarding the organization of labour market policy and responses from relevant stakeholders. The study's results have shown that these stakeholders formulate responsibilities based on different institutional logics, which are often conflicting. The thesis further contributes by providing an understanding of what these logics imply for the concept of responsibility and explains various possible reasons why responsibility can be perceived as unclear.

This dissertation analyses public health service delivery at the Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam National Hospital (S.S.R.N.H.) in Mauritius. Particular emphasis is laid on the historical development of public health service delivery at S.S.R.N.H. Public health service delivery has been approached from the view points of its nature and scope. The core components of the research survey have been on some major obstacles and flaws in effective public health service delivery at S.S.R.N.H. The measuring instrument used for the research survey was a self­ administered questionnaire. The main findings were discussed especially absenteeism, personnel turnover, stress, burnout, morale, sexual harassment, lethargy and disobedience, nepotism, shirking responsibility, alcohol and drug abuse, active political interference, bribery and corruption, dishonesty and retaliation and neglect of duty. Attention was also devoted on the current national health policy for improving public health service delivery at S.S.R.N.H., inter-alia, the National Policy for Public Heath Act 17 of 2000 and the White Paper on Health Sector Development and Reform of December 2003. The public health environment is constantly altering. Therefore, it is essential to adjust to the changing health environment. This dissertation has addressed the future challenges in the micro health environment and macro health environment of S.S.R.N.H. Ultimately, a holistic instead of a parochial approach to addressing shortcomings identified in public health service delivery at S.S.R.N.H. has been advocated in this dissertation. / Public Administration / M.Admin. (Public Admin)