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21	The authorities of the sages : how the Mishnah and Tosefta differ Kinbar, Carl Allen 11 1900 (has links) The Mishnah and Tosefta are two related works of legal discourse produced by Jewish sages in Late Roman Palestine. In these works, sages also appear as primary shapers of Jewish law. They are portrayed not only as individuals but also as “the SAGES,” a literary construct that is fleshed out in the context of numerous face-to-face legal disputes with individual sages. Although the historical accuracy of this portrait cannot be verified, it reveals the perceptions or wishes of the Mishnah’s and Tosefta’s redactors about the functioning of authority in the circles. An initial analysis of fourteen parallel Mishnah/Tosefta passages reveals that the authority of the Mishnah’s SAGES is unquestioned while the Tosefta’s SAGES are willing at times to engage in rational argumentation. In one passage, the Tosefta’s SAGES are shown to have ruled hastily and incorrectly on certain legal issues. A broader survey reveals that the Mishnah also contains a modest number of disputes in which the apparently sui generis authority of the SAGES is compromised by their participation in rational argumentation or by literary devices that reveal an occasional weakness of judgment. Since the SAGES are occasionally in error, they are not portrayed in entirely ideal terms. The Tosefta’s literary construct of the SAGES differs in one important respect from the Mishnah’s. In twenty-one passages, the Tosefta describes a later sage reviewing early disputes. Ten of these reviews involve the SAGES. In each of these, the later sage subjects the dispute to further analysis that accords the SAGES’ opinion no more a priori weight than the opinion of individual sages. They result in a narrowing of the scope of the SAGES’ opinion and a broadening of the scope of an individual sage’s opinion. By applying rational criteria, these reviews have the effect of undermining the SAGES authority. However, the full body of twenty-one Toseftan reviews is apparently motivated by an increased emphasis on rational analysis rather than an agenda to undermine that authority. This approach prefigures the later, more comprehensive use of rational analysis to evaluate the whole of tradition that is found in the Babylonian Talmud. / Old Testament & Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Judaica) Mishnah Tosefta Sages Authority Tannaitic Third Century C.E. Literary construct Rational analysis Halakhic midrash Rabbi Rabbinic Amoraic Talmud 296.1206 Mishnah -- Comparative studies Tosefta -- Comparative studies Midrash -- Comparative studies Amoraim
22	Traduire le Nouveau Testament en hébreu : un miroir des rapports judéo-chrétiens / Translating the New Testament into Hebrew : a mirror of Jewish-Christian relations Shuali, Eran 17 December 2015 (has links) Cette thèse examine la particularité de la démarche qui consiste à traduire le Nouveau Testament en hébreu et qui implique de transférer le texte fondateur du christianisme dans un contexte juif. Elle se concentre sur la façon dont le traducteur utilise la Bible hébraïque et la littérature rabbinique ancienne pour accomplir ce transfère. Il est montré que grâce aux liens historiques, théologiques et conceptuels étroits entre le Nouveau Testament et ces deux corpus juifs, l’emploi d’éléments repris d’eux pour rendre des éléments du Nouveau Testament est particulièrement efficace pour augmenter la compréhensibilité du Nouveau Testament en hébreu et son acceptabilité dans un contexte juif. Cependant, l’usage de tels éléments dans la traduction du Nouveau Testament en hébreu risque souvent de gommer les spécificités du Nouveau Testament par rapport au judaïsme. Le travail du traducteur du Nouveau Testament en hébreu implique donc une constante hésitation quant à la pertinence des formes d’expressions hébraïques et des concepts juifs pour refléter les formes d’expression et les concepts du Nouveau Testament, et, plus généralement, quant aux affinités et aux contrastes entre le christianisme et le judaïsme. / This dissertation examines the specificity of translating the New Testament into Hebrew, an activity which involves transferring the founding text of Christianity into a Jewish context. The dissertation focuses on the use of the Hebrew Bible and of ancient rabbinic literature in bringing about this transfer. It is shown that because of the close historical, theological and conceptual links between the New Testament and these two Jewish corpora, the use of elements borrowed from them in rendering elements found in the New Testament is particularly effective for enabling the New Testament to be easily understood in Hebrew and to be accepted in a Jewish context. However, the use of such elements in a Hebrew translation of the New Testament may often result in blurring features of the New Testament that are distinguished from Judaism. For this reason, the translator of the New Testament into Hebrew constantly hesitates whether Hebrew forms of expression and Jewish concepts are suitable for reflecting the New Testament’s forms of expression and concepts, and asks himself, more generally, what exactly unites and distinguishes Christianity and Judaism. Nouveau Testament Ancien Testament / Bible hébraïque Littérature rabbinique Hébreu Relations judéo-chrétiennes Traductologie New Testament Old Testament / Hebrew Bible Rabbinic literature Hebrew language Jewish-Christian relations Translation studies 220.5
23	Staročeské glosy ve středověkých hebrejských rabínských spisech / Old Czech Glosses in Medieval Hebrew Rabbinic Writings Uličná, Lenka January 2014 (has links) of the dissertation Lenka Uličná This study aims to present and interpret the Old Czech (so-called Canaanic) glosses preserved in medieval Hebrew rabbinic writings Arugath ha-bosem by Abraham ben Azriel, Or zarua by Isaac ben Moses and in the commentary to the Mahzor Nuremberg. So far, linguistic analyses of this language material have been based on the editions. The present work analyzes manuscript versions of the glosses and significantly refines the research. We consider the so-called Canaanic glosses primarily as a sociolinguistic subject and this attitude influenced the selection of methods used in this study. Due to the character of the language material, we had to combine the sociolinguistic methods with methods of contrastive linguistics, paleographic methods and analytical methods of diachronic linguistics. The results of this analysis are presented in dictionary entries and they provide a basis for the following characterization of the so-called Canaanic language and its position towards the so-called Jewish languages on the one hand and towards the Czech language of the Christian majority, on the other. The gloss is i.a. a manifestation of bilingualism of the productor of the text. Being aware of the insufficiency of one language he tries to secure the understanding of a certain term in...
24	The authorities of the sages : how the Mishnah and Tosefta differ Kinbar, Carl Allen 11 1900 (has links) The Mishnah and Tosefta are two related works of legal discourse produced by Jewish sages in Late Roman Palestine. In these works, sages also appear as primary shapers of Jewish law. They are portrayed not only as individuals but also as “the SAGES,” a literary construct that is fleshed out in the context of numerous face-to-face legal disputes with individual sages. Although the historical accuracy of this portrait cannot be verified, it reveals the perceptions or wishes of the Mishnah’s and Tosefta’s redactors about the functioning of authority in the circles. An initial analysis of fourteen parallel Mishnah/Tosefta passages reveals that the authority of the Mishnah’s SAGES is unquestioned while the Tosefta’s SAGES are willing at times to engage in rational argumentation. In one passage, the Tosefta’s SAGES are shown to have ruled hastily and incorrectly on certain legal issues. A broader survey reveals that the Mishnah also contains a modest number of disputes in which the apparently sui generis authority of the SAGES is compromised by their participation in rational argumentation or by literary devices that reveal an occasional weakness of judgment. Since the SAGES are occasionally in error, they are not portrayed in entirely ideal terms. The Tosefta’s literary construct of the SAGES differs in one important respect from the Mishnah’s. In twenty-one passages, the Tosefta describes a later sage reviewing early disputes. Ten of these reviews involve the SAGES. In each of these, the later sage subjects the dispute to further analysis that accords the SAGES’ opinion no more a priori weight than the opinion of individual sages. They result in a narrowing of the scope of the SAGES’ opinion and a broadening of the scope of an individual sage’s opinion. By applying rational criteria, these reviews have the effect of undermining the SAGES authority. However, the full body of twenty-one Toseftan reviews is apparently motivated by an increased emphasis on rational analysis rather than an agenda to undermine that authority. This approach prefigures the later, more comprehensive use of rational analysis to evaluate the whole of tradition that is found in the Babylonian Talmud. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Judaica) Mishnah Tosefta Sages Authority Tannaitic Third Century C.E. Literary construct Rational analysis Halakhic midrash Rabbi Rabbinic Amoraic Talmud 296.1206 Mishnah -- Comparative studies Tosefta -- Comparative studies Midrash -- Comparative studies Amoraim
25	Úzkost židovského světa v <<halachické>> Epištole Jakuba v kontextu náboženských a politických konfliktů epochy Druhého chrámu / The Narrowness of the Jewish World in the <<Halachic>> Encyclical of James in the Context of Political and Religious Conflicts of the Second Temple Period Tarasenko, Olexandr January 2017 (has links) This dissertation explores the value system held by the author of the Epistle of James. Most likely, this interesting Epistle of a former Galilean peasant is a collection of his sermons or discourses gathered and edited by one of his followers. The Epistle does not relate to any specific problems of concrete communities or persons and, therefore, it may be viewed as an encyclical letter. The author's main tone is: «you must act in this way and only this way». Therefore this document is a type of «halakhah», a literary form used by the sages of Israel before the Common Era. «Halakhah», as well as the Greek literary form paraenesis, does not imply any discussion of the material, but rather calls the readers to submission. The author of this «halakhic» encyclical shifts the attention of his readers from their realities to his idealistic world. He omits many aspects of Second-Temple-Period Jewish life, focusing his attention instead on the rules of spiritual life common for both Judeans and Christians. This focus explains why the Epistle has only two brief and indirect references to Jesus Christ, who as the hero surprisingly does not play a distinctive role. for several reasons the Messiah is replaced by famous characters from the Tanakh (i. e., Abraham, Rahab, Job, and Elijah) as being the best examples for...
26	ヒエロニュムスの「ヘブライ的真理」の研究 : その聖書翻訳論と旧約引用理解とを手がかりに / ヒエロニュムスノ「ヘブライテキシンリ」ノケンキュウ : ソノセイショホンヤクロントキュウヤクインヨウリカイトオテガカリニ / ヒエロニュムスのヘブライ的真理の研究 : その聖書翻訳論と旧約引用理解とを手がかりに加藤哲平, Teppei Kato 02 March 2017 (has links) ギリシア語訳旧約聖書である七十人訳の擁護者たちに対し、ヒエロニュムス（347–420）はヘブライ語原典の優越性、すなわち「ヘブライ的真理」を主張した。しかし、その聖書翻訳論と旧約引用理解とを考慮すると、ヒエロニュムスが「ヘブライ的真理」と言うとき、彼はヘブライ語テクストと七十人訳との文献学的な問題に留まらず、これら二者と新約聖書における旧約引用との神学的な問題をも解決しようとしていたと言える。 / Against many defenders of the Septuagint, namely, the Greek translation of the Old Testament, Jerome (347–420) claims the superiority of the original Hebrew text. Jerome names this idea Hebraica veritas, or "Hebrew Truth." Considering his theory of biblical translation and his understanding of Old Testament quotations in the New Testament, this study concludes that Jerome's real purpose concerning Hebraica veritas is to solve not only the philological problem between the Hebrew text and the Septuagint, but also the theological problem between these two texts and the Old Testament quotations. / 博士(神学) / Doctor of Theology / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University ヒエロニュムスヘブライ的真理聖書翻訳聖書解釈新約聖書における旧約引用ヘブライ語聖書七十人訳ウルガータオリゲネスアウグスティヌスキケローラビ文学 Jerome Hebraica veritas Biblical Translation Biblical Interpretation The Hebrew Bible The Septuagint The Vulgate Origen Augustine Cicero Rabbinic Literature
27	暴力與和平：列維納斯的道德形上學及其政治蘊義研究 / Violence and Peace: Studies on Levinas's Moral Metaphysics and its Political Implications 鄧元尉, Teng ,Yuan-wei Unknown Date (has links) 本文嘗試以和平問題與暴力問題為焦點，重新理解列維納斯道德形上學之梗概，並解決其政治蘊義所造成的疑難。列維納斯的哲學基本上是一種和平哲學，其所論之和平乃被界定為對暴力的非暴力抵抗，並在其前期作品中具體展現為倫理學對政治學的抵抗。但此一抵抗關係隨著列維納斯的思想進程而逐漸呈現出一種兩歧性，從而引發其思想是否前後不一致的批判，亦產生對和平之純粹性的質疑。筆者的努力即在於說明此一疑難的成因並構想一調和方案。筆者主張，應將列維納斯的思想進程視為一條闡發其倫理學之政治蘊義的思路，但這條從倫理學走到政治學的和平之路，須途經社會學的迂迴方才可能，而如此一種中介性的社會學之建構，惟在列維納斯的他勒目詮釋中獲得。因此，本文綜觀列維納斯的哲學作品與宗教作品，先是闡述責任倫理學的和平蘊義，再從其宗教詮釋學對以色列社群的刻畫得到那基於倫理學之社會學的基本模式，最後參照解構主義的批判，在對質疑政治學與回答社會學的構想中，統括列維納斯的倫理思想與政治思想。 / Peace, as the non-violence resistance to violence, is one of the main topics of Levinas's philosophy. In this dissertation, I attempt to summarize Levinas's moral metaphysics and reflect its political implications by investigating the relation of peace and violence. The relation which in Levinas's early works could be seen as an opposition between ethics and politics has some ambiguity in his later works that emerges in a dialectical way: ethics both opposes and demands politics. My opinion is that this problem can be solved by referring to his religious works, especially his interpretations of the Talmud. In brief, the path of argument is from ethics to politics through sociology. First, I describe the basic principles of Levinas's ethical metaphysics by illustrating the typology of the other and the genealogy of the same, i.e. the phenomenology of the face of the other and the transformation from the same in itself to the same for the other. Second, I find the basic political model in terms of the hermeneutics of Talmud, especially the texts about the people of Israel. Final, I try to appeal to the postmodern thoughts in order to reconcile the risk of violence in Levinas's religious works, and integrate Levinas's ethical thoughts and political thoughts by constructing the politics of questioning and the sociology of response. 列維納斯和平暴力整體無限同一他者第三方責任正義道德形上學存有學倫理學政治學拉比猶太教他勒目以色列 Emmanuel Levinas peace violence totality infinity the same the other the third responsibility justice moral metaphysics ontology ethics politics rabbinic Judaism Talmud Israel
28	Abraham's Final Lekh-Lekha : Maimonides and Ibn Kaspi on Disobedience in the Akedah / Abraham’s Final לך-לך : Maimonides and Ibn Kaspi on Disobedience in the Akedah Saleh, Leo January 2023 (has links) No description available. Genesis 22 The Binding of Isaac The Binding The Akedah Aqedah Aqedat Abraham Isaac Maimonides Rambam Ibn Kaspi The Guide of the Perplexed Moreh Nevukhim Gevia Kesef Yoreh Deah Silver Goblet Disobedience Divine command Rabbinic Midrash Hebrew bible Redaction criticism Reception theory Intertextuality Genesis 22 Isaks Bindande Akedah Akedat Aqedah Aqedat Isak Abraham Maimonides Rambam Ibn Kaspi The Guide of the Perplexed Moreh Nevukhim Gevia Kesef Yoreh Deah Silver Goblet Hebreiska bibeln Olydnad Rabbinsk tolkning Midrash Redaktionskritik Receptionshistoria Intertextualitet Religious Studies Religionsvetenskap

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