本文旨在探討專利侵權損害賠償請求之範圍及賠償數額之計算方法，以我國法律規定及實務運作情形為主，並比較美國、中國大陸的規定及實務運作情形，尤其智慧財產法院自97年7月1日成立後，其在損害賠償方面之實務見解是否比過去數十年的實務運作有更創新之看法，茲為我國將來專利法修法之參考，並與實務運作相互印證。第一章緒論，說明研究背景與動機，研究目的、研究方法及流程。第二章說明專利權之定義、種類，專利侵害之類型，專利鑑定、步驟、原則及我國的專利損害賠償制度。第三章則專以損害賠償額計算之規定及實務判決研究為主，並兼論及非財產上損害，如信譽損害、律師及其他費用等。第四章比較TRIPS、中國大陸及美國之規定，尤其以美國法及判決為重點，討論我國是否應如美國一樣，增訂合理權利金之條款，又合理權利金之達成是否應在兩造自由意願下簽訂，而不能受到訴訟之威脅。第五章以過去一年來最新成立智慧財產法院判決分析比較，分析是否與之前的實務判決有不同之作法及是否已大幅改善之前實務的缺點，提出個人看法。最後一章則提出本文建議的解決方案或可供臺灣專利法修正草案之參考。 透過本文將可瞭解過去各地方法院關於專利侵權之判決、美國實務判決之立論基礎，並與智慧財產法院成立後之最新出爐判決相互比較，以資作為將來修正專利法之參考建議，並期許智慧財產法院將來在專利侵權訴訟更能保障專利權人之權利，使專利權人獲得應有之賠償，願意投入更多的資金及研發人員，創造有價值的專利，以促進科技發展，造福人類。 關鍵字：專利侵權、智慧財產、損害賠償、所失利益、合理權利金、智慧財產法院 / This study aims to explore the ambit of the patent infringement compensation and the method to calculate the damages award for the patent infringement. This thesis focuses on Taiwan’s patent law and judicial practice, compared to the regulations and practices of TRIPS , the United States, and the mainland China. Besides, with the establishment of the Intellectual Property Court since July 1, 2008 in Taiwan, did this new Taiwan Intellectual Property Court have made more innovative decisions than the past few decades ? Chapter I is the introduction of this study’s background and motivation, research purpose, research methodology and process. Chapter II refers to the definition of the patent right, types of the patent infringement, steps & principles of the patent infringement identification, and our country's patent infringement relief system. Chapter III is dedicated to the calculation of the damages award in the amount based on the provisions and court’s decision, and to deal with non-property damages, such as the reputation damages, legal fees and other costs. Chapter IV compares the regulations and practices of the TRIPS, the United States and the mainland China, in particular the United States court’s decisions.Whether our patent law should adopt the theory of reasonable royalty, as the law or judicial enforcement in the United States? Should a reasonable royalty be based on two parties under the free wills but not by the threat of litigations.Chapter V analyzes the outcomes of the Intellectual Property Court’s rulings in the past one year. Are their rulings different from the past practices? Whether they can greatly avoid the criticisms of the prior practice;Also, I will advance my personal view in this chapter. The final chapter of this thesis will put forward the proposals for the amendment to the Patent Law in Taiwan in the future.This thesis hopes to make you have a basic understanding of the past practices of the district court rulings in Taiwan, the comparisons of the practical theories in the United States, and the latest court rulings released by the Intellectual Property Court, for future reference of the amendment to the patent law.And hope that the Intellectual Property Court could even more protect the rights of patent holders in the future, so that the inventors may obtain adequate compensation, therefore they will be willing to invest more capital in R & D to create more valuable patents for the benefit of the people. Key words: patent infringement, intellectual property, compensatory damages, lost profits, reasonable royalty, Intellectual Property Court.

La notion de déni de justice substantiel est problématique parce qu'elle suppose la reconnaissance de la responsabilité internationale de l'État pour ses décisions judiciaires nationales souveraines et donc le contrôle, par une juridiction internationale, de l'application discrétionnaire du droit interne par les autorités de justice nationales. Attachée à la notion de déni de justice en droit coutumier et historiquement liée à une conception assez large, et controversée, de la protection due par les États aux étrangers sur leur territoire, la notion de déni de justice substantiel doit encore affirmer son emprise en droit international conventionnel, non seulement dans le domaine de la protection des investissements internationaux mais aussi, et surtout, dans le domaine de la protection des droits de l'homme parce que l’enjeu, dans ce domaine, est particulièrement important et que la question s’y pose avec le plus d'acuité. Outre l'étude de la notion coutumière et son affirmation comme forme de déni de justice, l'intérêt de cette étude est de faire ressortir l'existence d'un droit général et subjectif au jugement raisonnable, dont la définition permet de mettre en avant les limites du pouvoir normatif que la mise en oeuvre d'un standard attribue au juge international lorsqu'il contrôle la régularité interne des jugements nationaux. / The notion of substantial denial of justice is problematic because it assumes the recognition of the international responsibility of the State in its judicial national sovereign decisions and thus the review, by an international jurisdiction, of the discretionary application of internal law by national judicial authorities. Attached to the notion of denial of justice in customary law, and historically linked to a fairly large and controversial perception of the protection that is required from States to foreigners on their territories, the notion of substantial denial of justice must still assert its influence in international conventional law, not only in the field of international investment protection but also, and foremost, in the area of human rights protection, because the stakes in that field are particularly important and the questions they raise are more relevant. Besides the study of the customary notion and its assertion as a form of denial of justice, the main point of this study is to highlight the existence of a general and subjective right to reasonable judgment, of which the definition allows to point out the limits of the normative power that the implementation of a standard provides to an international judge when he is called upon to review the internal regularity of national judgments.

Approximately every tenth citizen in the Czech Republic suffers from a disability. Persons with disabilities form a vulnerable group in the labour market, which is caused mainly by a lower level of their education. Therefore, it is important that legislation protects the disabled persons and encourages employers to their employment. Employing of disabled people is in the interest of entire society and also has an integrative dimension. The main objective of this thesis is to assess comprehensively the legal regulation of the employment of persons with disabilities in the Czech Republic, to reflect recent amendments to applicable legislation and simultaneously to verify the premise that these regulations are satisfactory and feasible in practice. The thesis consists of four parts. The first part focuses on the basic definitions and states in which aspects some similar terms are identical or different. Special attention is paid to the definition of a "disabled person" in all its major forms. The second part deals with international and European regulation, by which the Czech Republic is bound and with which the national legislation must be in accordance. The chapter focuses on a wide range of legal documents that give direction to Czech legislation and grant certain rights to disabled persons. The...

South Africa is faced with a huge challenge of disability discrimination and inequality. Disabled people are not enjoying equal treatment as compared to others. Those who are on the working sector are not reasonable accommodated. The study examines challenges faced by people with disabilities. The study further submit that people with disabilities should be reasonably accommodated and be retained in the working sector as they have a positive role to play in the economy. The study also looks at the various legislations and argues that they are ineffective as they fail to address the imbalances of the past. The study further suggest that there is a need for all people to understand disabled people and not to isolate them as such stigma cause people with disabilities to be unfairly discriminated against in society and in employment / College of Law / LL. M. (Commercial Law)

A temática da publicidade encontra-se normatizada no Código de Defesa do Consumidor a partir de princípios e cláusulas gerais, que, se virtuosas pela abrangência interpretativa, igualmente passíveis de desencadear grande insegurança jurídica quando não calcadas em consolidada doutrina e parâmetros interpretativos concretos. Nesse contexto, a presente tese tem por escopo conferir nova e detalhada sistematização ao tema e, fundamentalmente, fornecer ao operador do direito diretrizes palpáveis à análise da enganosidade e abusividade nas mensagens publicitárias. Trata-se, por exemplo, da necessidade de se analisar a (i)licitude da publicidade a partir da figura do consumidor como critério interpretativo central do artigo 37 CDC, procedendo-se a uma releitura do conceito de consumidor médio. No exame da publicidade enganosa, em especial no âmbito da sua tutela difusa, propõe-se, ademais, o critério de investigação do consumidor típico da publicidade, a partir do qual o potencial de indução em erro poderá ser melhor apreendido. A tese aborda ainda o conceito de dado essencial para configuração da enganosidade por omissão e ressalta os efeitos das mensagens secundárias ao slogan principal da publicidade. Tema igualmente novo refere-se à adoção das pesquisas de mercado na constatação da (i)licitude da publicidade. No que tange à publicidade abusiva, o trabalho se lança ao exame e delimitação de seus conceitos indeterminados, destaca o aspecto da tutela dos valores da coletividade e demonstra a impropriedade de uma análise puramente subjetiva e individual dessas peças publicitárias. O presente estudo apresenta ainda um quadro sistemático das técnicas publicitárias mais freqüentes, i.e., merchandising, publicidade redacional, teaser, exagero publicitário e mensagem de tom excludente, publicidade testemunhal e comparativa, analisando suas implicações no âmbito do direito do consumidor. Por fim, aborda-se a responsabilidade civil na publicidade ilícita e os pressupostos do dever de indenizar. Examina-se a reparação do dano moral (individual e coletivo) e o aspecto punitivo de tais indenizações, bem como os sujeitos da responsabilidade civil e a existência (ou não) de uma responsabilidade solidária entre anunciante, agência, veículo e celebridades. / Advertising is regulated by the Consumer Defense Code (CDC) according to principles and general rules that, notwithstanding being characterized by their constructive scope, may give rise to legal uncertainty whenever they are not grounded on settled legal doctrine and concrete constructive parameters. In this context, the present thesis aims to grant new and detailed systematization to the issue, and provide lawyers with tangible directions to analyze the deceptiveness and abusiveness within advertising messages. It regards, for instance, the need to analyze advertising (un)lawfulness from the consumers standpoint as the core constructive criterion of article 37 of the CDC. At this point we scrutinize in details the concept of reasonable consumer. Upon examining deceptive advertising, especially with regard to its diffuse protection, we propose, in addition, the typical consumer investigative criterion in advertising whereby potential error induction may be better understood. The thesis also addresses the essential data concept to configure deceitfulness by omission, and underscores the effects of secondary messages on the main advertising slogan. Likewise, the theme is related to the adoption of market research to ascertain advertising (un)lawfulness. Considering abusive advertising, this thesis examines its undetermined concepts, highlights the protection of collective values, and evidences the inadequacy of its subjective and individual analysis. The present study also offers a systematic table of the most frequent advertising techniques, i.e., merchandising, copywriting, teaser, exaggerated and excluding advertising, testimonial and comparative advertising, analyzing their entailments within Consumer Law. Finally, the work addresses the liability related to unlawful advertisement and the elements that determine the duty to indemnify. Pain and suffering redress (either individual or collective) and the punitive feature of such indemnification are examined herein, as well as the liable subjects and the existence (or not) or joint liability among the sponsor, advertising agency, media vehicle and celebrities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIANO SANTANA SILVA.pdf: 901525 bytes, checksum: b109bfc18c5ec6d81c4b532b3aab8fb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-07 / This paper examines the fundamental right to reasonable length of proceedings, expressly inserted in item LXXVIII of Article 5 of the Constitution of 1988 by Constitutional Amendment 45 and later, in the same vein, reaffirmed in infraconsticional legislation through Article 4 of new Civil Procedure Code 2015, guaranteeing everyone the right to reasonable length of proceedings. It also analyzes the mechanisms that can assist the procedure within a reasonable time in order to contribute to overcoming existing delays in the Brazilian legal system. The paper also discusses the outlook for the postulate that with the entry into force of the new Civil Procedure Code. It is observed that the issue is of great importance, since the positivization reasonable procedural length as a constitutional principle rescues a state s commitment to its jurisdictional, aiming to give effectiveness gain to the process and ensure everyone a state response in fair weather . This conclusion was obtained using the literature, case law and minunciosa analysis of pertinent legislation, and converging on assumptions which support the applicability of that principle, from a historical and evaluative analysis. As a result, it is clear that it is not just designing laws that creates conditions for a dynamic process that achieves a proper adjudication, within a reasonable time span and with a satisfactory result, but, yes, among other things, providing structural support, by sufficient financial transfers to the Judiciary. / O presente trabalho examina o direito fundamental à razoável duração do processo, inserido expressamente no inciso LXXVIII, do artigo 5º, da Constituição de 1988, pela Emenda Constitucional nº 45 e posteriormente, neste mesmo diapasão, reafirmado na legislação infraconsticional por meio do artigo 4º do novo Codigo de Processo Civil de 2015, garantindo a todos, o direito à razoável duração do processo. Analisa, ainda, os mecanismos que podem auxiliar na tramitação processual em tempo razoável como forma de contribuir para a superação da morosidade existente no sistema processual brasileiro. O trabalho também aborda as perspectivas em relação a esse postulado com a entrada em vigor do novo Código de Processo Civil. Observa-se que o tema é de grande relevância, já que a positivação da razoável duração processual como princípio constitucional resgata um compromisso do Estado para com seus jurisdicionados, objetivando dar um ganho de efetividade ao processo e assegurar a todos uma resposta estatal em tempo justo. Tal conclusão foi obtida utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, jurisprudencial e análise minunciosa da legislação pertinente ao tema, e convergindo para pressupostos que sirvam de suporte à aplicabilidade do referido princípio, a partir de uma análise histórica e valorativa. Como resultados, evidencia-se que não é apenas elaborando leis que se cria condições para uma dinâmica processual que alcance uma prestação jurisdicional adequada, dentro de um lapso temporal razoável e com resultado satisfatório, mas, sim, dentre outras coisas, propiciando suporte estrutural, por meio de repasse financeiro suficiente ao Poder Judiciário.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Augusto Marcondes de Oliveira Monteiro.pdf: 1850422 bytes, checksum: 0aa420a4caf4e09cb3c47d14b2cab9e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-29 / This works derives from the certainty that judicial reviews are the main cause for the delays in lawsuits, specially at the Labor Courts, in which the plaintiff or the defendant are sometimes forced to waive their rights due to such lawsuits delays. It shall discuss alternatives, in the Extraodinary Review Procedure to adjust it to the constitutional procedural principles, since in practical terms one can verify 3 judicials instances, while we maintain that the Superior Labor Court should be restricted to its role as an extraordinary instance. This is not possible when one can not distinguish the effects of an Ordinary Review from that of the Extraordinary Review. The Extraordinary Review is subject to the competence of the panels of the Superior Labor Court and applicable to review the rulings of the Regional Labor Courts on Ondinary Reviews of individual claims whenever the requirements of CLT's article 896 are present. The limitation of the applicability of the Extraordinary Review is not enough to grant TST the status of a true Extraordinary Review Court. The scope of this work is to establish the exact function of the Superior Labor Court and its efectiveness, based upon the constitutional procedural principles, specially the due process of the law and the reasonable procedural length, which comprises the effectiveness and fast-track of the procedure by analysing the effects of both Ordinary and Extraordinary Reviews / Este trabalho tem origem na crença de que os recursos são os principais responsáveis pela morosidade dos processos, mormente na justiça do trabalho, onde a parte se vê obrigada, muitas vezes, a abrir mão de seus direitos em razão da demora judicial na solução do processo. Discutiremos alternativas, no âmbito do recurso de revista, a fim de adequá-lo aos princípios constitucionais do processo, pois o que se verifica na prática é a existência de três instâncias judiciais, enquanto que defendemos que o TST deve se limitar à sua natureza de instância extraordinária. E isso não é possível quando os efeitos dos recursos de natureza extraordinária não se distinguem dos efeitos dos recursos de natureza ordinária. O recurso de revista é cabível para turmas do TST, contra as decisões proferidas em grau de recurso ordinário, em dissídio individual, pelos Tribunais Regionais do Trabalho, quando presentes as hipóteses do artigo 896 da CLT. A limitação ao cabimento do Recurso de Revista é insuficiente para transformar o TST em verdadeiro órgão de natureza extraordinária. O propósito deste trabalho é estabelecer a exata função do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho e sua eficácia, com base nos princípios constitucionais do processo, em especial o devido processo legal e o princípio da duração razoável, que engloba a efetividade e a celeridade processual, analisando os efeitos dos recursos de natureza ordinária e extraordinária

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Strenger.pdf: 531300 bytes, checksum: 77944ef63f946f6a29c8b75f978853a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-07 / This study aims to analyze the principle of reasonable duration of the proceedings towards the so-called effectiveness in contemporary civil procedure. In this sense, the analysis of constitutional principles will support a better understanding of the modern scientism procedure, guided by the obedience to Constitution. Thus, reflections turn over on what represents an expeditious and effective process, so focusing on the reasonable length without sacrificing legal certainty. Also, it is included in the study the Electronic process of law and its sue activities. Thereat, the goal is to evaluate in what ways or points the Electronic process of law and electronic activities in process of law may contribute for the principle of reasonable duration of the proceedings in sue activities. Moreover, it is presented some observations about this up-to-date phenomenon; and finally it is concluded that an expeditious and effective process does not necessarily means that the process of law shall be electronically managed / Este estudo tem como finalidade a análise do princípio da razoável duração do processo frente ao que se objetiva denominar efetividade no processo civil contemporâneo. A análise de princípios constitucionais dará suporte para melhor compreensão do cientificismo processual moderno pautado pela obediência à Constituição. Desta forma, a reflexão gira em torno do que representa um processo célere e efetivo de modo a privilegiar a razoável duração sem que se ofenda a segurança jurídica. Neste sentido, analisa-se, ainda e especialmente, o processo eletrônico e seus atos processuais. Com isso, pretende-se discutir até que ponto a introdução do processo eletrônico em nosso sistema e a prática de atos processuais de maneira eletrônica pode efetivar a aplicação do princípio constitucional da razoável duração do processo. Nessa toada tem-se a apresentação de críticas e visões sobre essa nova realidade para se concluir que um processo mais célere não necessariamente representa um processo conduzido de maneira eletrônica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana da Silva Paggiatto Camacho.pdf: 756384 bytes, checksum: 5b8ff17557686b850a2689d108602a95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-28 / This study aims to analyse the principle of reasonable duration of proceedings in relation to procedural reforms guarantees of access to justice, contradictory and full defense. If you live in times in which anxiety is the storm of modern society. Seeks to produce several activities simultaneously both domestic and professional; there is a plurality of activities execution and interpersonal relationships in short periods of time. So there is also the impact of this dynamic law, and therefore would not be different under the process, now more than ever it seeks to build mechanism to make the process quicker meeting the expectations of society. The objectives pursued in this work, briefly, are: (a) conceptualize principle; (b) conceptualize the principles of reasonable duration of proceedings, access to justice, contradictory and full defense; and (c) discuss the recent procedural reforms as well as on the Draft Code of Civil Procedure. As said, the topic is of paramount importance in view of all legislative reforms in the civil case and the impending enactment of a new Code of Civil Procedure, which seeks to clearly bring more promptness in support of the constitutional principle of reasonable duration of the process and bring greater effectiveness judgments. So work on screen, has the ultimate goal collate the principle of reasonable duration of the process with other basic principles and guarantees: access to justice, contradictory and full defense on an analysis of mitigation latest fundamental guarantees in the recent reforms in the speed allowance procedural / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o princípio da razoável duração do processo nas reformas processuais face às garantias de acesso à Justiça, contraditório e ampla defesa. Esta preocupação parte de um momento social no qual domina a ansiedade pela produção de diversas atividades, simultaneamente, além da manutenção de relações interpessoais em curtos períodos de tempo. Sendo o Direito reflexo da sociedade, esta dinâmica também atinge o Direito, inclusive no âmbito do processo: atualmente, busca-se construir mecanismos eficazes para atender aos anseios da sociedade. Entretanto, existem outros anseios sociais que podem ser atingidos nesta busca pela rápida prestação jurisdicional e que precisam ser tratados com cautela, como os direitos de acesso à Justiça, do contraditório e da ampla defesa. A importância do tema é explícita por estas diversas reformas legislativas no âmbito do Processo Civil e pela promulgação do novo Código de Processo Civil, que busca, com clareza, trazer mais celeridade processual em abono ao princípio constitucional da razoável duração do processo, bem como trazer maior efetividade às decisões judiciais. Mas estas decisões que atendem ao princípio da razoável duração do processo precisam considerar outros princípios e garantias fundamentais: acesso à Justiça, contraditório e ampla defesa em uma análise de mitigação das últimas garantias fundamentais nas recentes reformas em abono à celeridade processual

O presente trabalho examina a amplitude do fenômeno do Processo Judicial Eletrônico e as perspectivas de resposta à sociedade com relação à razoável duração do processo e sua celeridade pela utilização dos meios eletrônicos. Com este objetivo, analisa as possibilidades de acesso à justiça e os desafios do desenvolvimento de um novo método que permita aperfeiçoar a participação dos sujeitos processuais para que os escopos jurisdicionais sejam plenamente atingidos. Neste sentido, observa as reconfigurações que as opções políticas realizadas a partir do início deste século engendram, tanto nos princípios processuais em face às garantias constitucionais, quanto na jurisdição e suas interdependências com outros aspectos do direito processual civil. Subsidiariamente, contextualiza o desenvolvimento da atuação estatal no ciberespaço, as estratégias formuladas e a inserção do Poder Judiciário nesta seara. Ao concluir, verificar-se-á que o Processo Judicial Eletrônico é um método em construção que, já dentro do caráter atual de forma autorizada pela Lei nº 11.419/06, quando complementada pela legislação e regulamentação correlata, possibilita maior transparência e participação, tendente a prover efetividade à prestação jurisdicional na sociedade pós-moderna. / This paper investigates the extent of the digital process phenomenon and the perspectives of its impact on the society concerning the examination of the case in a reasonable period of time and its celerity upon the employment of electronic means. In view of this, this study aims to analyze the possibilities of access to justice and the challenges imposed by the development of a new method which enables the improvement in the participation of all related parties in the judicial proceedings so as to fully accomplish the scope of the jurisdictional function. As follows, it examines the reconfiguration engendered by the political options which have been taking place since the beginning of this century both in the procedural principles in light of constitutional guarantees and in the jurisdiction and on its correlation with other aspects of civil procedure. Alternatively, this dissertation contextualizes the progression of the governmental interaction on the cyberspace, the conceived strategies and the insertion of the Judiciary in this field. In conclusion, it will be possible to establish that the digital process is still under development, but even under its current status, as authorized by Law 11,419/06 and complemented by other corresponding regulations, is nonetheless able to ensure more transparency and a higher level of participation, tending to provide effectiveness to the jurisdictional function in the postmodern society.