Le Québec reçoit chaque année un nombre croissant de travailleurs agricoles temporaires, à travers deux programmes : le Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers (principalement Mexicains) et le Programme des travailleurs peu qualifiés (pour l’instant Guatémaltèques). Une de leurs caractéristiques communes est le lien fixe à l’employeur imposé aux travailleurs. Cette recherche analyse la conformité de cette disposition avec l’article 46 de la Charte québécoise qui garantit le droit à des conditions de travail justes et raisonnables. Un examen des effets du lien fixe démontre que celui-ci établit une dépendance forte des travailleurs envers leur employeur, aux niveaux légal (du fait de la possibilité du rapatriement anticipé en cas de problèmes liés au travail ou au comportement), financier (dû à la nomination des travailleurs année après année et au dépôt de sécurité imposé aux travailleurs guatémaltèques) et psychologique (soumission, crainte). L’interprétation de l’article 46 à la lumière du droit international des droits de la personne met en évidence la non conformité du lien fixe avec cette disposition. Or si l’objectif de cette mesure est de retenir la main-d’oeuvre dans le secteur agricole, il serait plus juste et raisonnable d’améliorer les conditions de travail de cette main-d’oeuvre plutôt que de l’asservir. / Each year the province of Quebec receives an increasing number of temporary farm workers through two programs: the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (mainly Mexican workers) and the Low-Skill Temporary Workers Program (with Guatemalan workers). These programs share a common characteristic: the workers’ permits are tied to an employer. This research analyses the compliance of the bonded-work permit with article 46 of the Quebec Charter, which guarantees the right to just and reasonable working conditions. An analysis of the effects of the work-tied permit shows that it creates a huge dependence of the workers vis-à-vis their employers – legally (due to the possibility of anticipated repatriation for work or behaviour related problems), financially (among other things because of the naming practise) and mentally (submission, fear). The interpretation of article 46 in light of international human rights law shows that tied-work permits violate that provision. If the objective of the bonded characteristic of the work permit is to retain a labour force, it would be much more just and reasonable to improve working conditions rather than to enslave workers.

La gouvernance des sociétés par actions canadiennes accorde une place aux créanciers, qui contribuent considérablement à leur financement. Les créanciers fournissent une prestation en échange d’une promesse d’être payé plus tard, de sorte qu’ils sont en conflit d’agence avec d’autres parties prenantes de la société par actions, particulièrement les dirigeants. Principale voie procédurale des litiges en droit des sociétés, le recours en cas d’abus (ou « recours en oppression ») permet d’endiguer certains aspects de ce conflit d’agence en octroyant aux tribunaux de larges pouvoirs pour pallier les abus. Cette intervention judiciaire s’exprime par la théorie des attentes raisonnables, selon laquelle le tribunal doit protéger non seulement les droits des parties, mais également leurs attentes raisonnables. La jurisprudence permet de conclure à des attentes raisonnables relativement à l’information fournie par la société, au patrimoine social et au processus décisionnel des dirigeants. Elle laisse également entrevoir une attente raisonnable à l’égard des modifications du partage des risques découlant d’un événement imprévisible. / Creditors feature prominently in the corporate governance of Canadian business corporations and significantly contribute to their funding. Creditors perform in exchange for a promise to be paid later, so that they are in an agency conflict with other stakeholders of the corporation, especially managers. The main procedural route for litigation in corporate law, the oppression remedy helps curb some aspects of the agency conflict by granting courts broad powers to remedy oppressive conduct. This judicial intervention is expressed through the theory of reasonable expectations, which states that the court must not only protect the legal rights of the parties but also their reasonable expectations. The case law shows that creditors have reasonable expectations toward the information provided by the corporation, its assets and the decision-making process of managers and directors. It also suggests a reasonable expectation with respect to changes in the sharing of risks arising from an unforeseeable event.

This paper deals with a comparison between the Czech duty of due managerial care of a member of governing body of limited company and the Irish non-fiduciary duty to exercise care, skill and diligence of a director of limited company (hereinafter also referred as "duty of care"). The paper aims to find out a possible way to improve legislation of the duty of due managerial care on the basis of comparison with the duty of care. The duty of care sets the ground for the comparison, therefore the paper deals first with the Irish legal status of the duty of care, which has been recently changed by the Companies Act 2014. Despite of the codification of the directors' duties, the core of interpretation and application of the duty of care still rests in judicial decisions. Nevertheless, the change of source and statutory wording of the duty means that the substance of Re City Equitable [1925] does not represent a good law anymore. The standard of care of Re City Equitable [1925] has been replaced by the minimal objective standard based on the British judgment Re D'Jan of London [1994]. The content of the duty of care is determined on the case by case basis, but in any event it consists of conclusions of the British judgment Re Barings [1999], which has been accepted by the Irish courts in restriction...

Thesis "Data Mining in the Field of English Football League Third Division's Betting Odds" deals with data mining referring to acquiring knowledge from data. The main objective of this work is to develop data models for prediction of match results and to compare these predictions with a chosen strategy of betting. The selected betting strategy is based on betting single bets with odds belonging to chosen intervals, which generate a profit. These odds intervals were discovered by analyzing 2006-2009 football matches in a created simulator. On the basis of these odds ranges data models were constructed. Each data model contains a hypothesis which is generated by SD4ft procedure of LispMiner based on all football matches played in seasons 2001-2008. Developed data models are tested afterwards using 2006-2009 football matches data. Results show that all derived data models are profitable in all four seasons under consideration. More than half of them successfully predicted 2009 matches as well. The analysis showed that betting agencies offer mostly odds which make it almost impossible to be profitable while betting on matches according to their odds. In spite of this fact I identified some odds intervals with which you can success while betting single bets on home-team, draw or visitor-team with odds falling within these intervals. Association rules with reasonable confidence and support can generate high profitability. It is important to realize that there are no data models which guarantee a certain profit. Most of developed data models are not applicable in the real world, some of them can actually generate a loss. Nevertheless there are data models to be found that could generate a profit in the real world.

The number of students with learning disabilities entering the higher education system in South Africa is increasing dramatically. At the same time, the misconceptions about disabilities can have distressing consequences for disabled students. A thorough understanding of current staff attitudes and knowledge of learning disabilities will assist when setting up interventions aimed at improving perceptions. This qualitative, phenomenological case study uses the bio-psycho-social model of disability to explore staff perceptions at the University of the Witwatersrand. Interviews with staff members showed that a wide range of opinions and attitudes exist. Although perceptions varied between participants, the main findings indicated that they presented a poor understanding of what disability, and in particular, learning disability means. The conclusion was drawn that Wits University should be proactive in empowering their staff by providing them with opportunities to learn about disabilities. This investment in staff development should ultimately lead to a richer campus life where all students feel welcome. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Adult Education)

L’étude comparée des droits français et des pays d’Afrique francophone, à l’instar du Cameroun et du Gabon, permet de mettre en évidence les diverses approches du temps saisi par le droit en contentieux administratif. Elle permet de comprendre les implications des approches du temps sur la conciliation entre les droits des justiciables et le principe de sécurité juridique à travers le temps dans le procès administratif. L’analyse montre qu’en France, le cadre temporel du procès administratif n’est pas exclusivement défini par le législateur ; il est aussi l’œuvre de la jurisprudence et même des justiciables, d’une part, et, d’autre part, ce temps est identifié selon une forme à la fois quantitative, qualitative et conjoncturelle. Cela traduit l’évolution de l’office du juge administratif français. Ainsi, de manière générale, dans le contentieux administratif français, l’approche du temps est une approche qu’il convient de qualifier de souple, de flexible ou malléable. Dans les législations d’Afrique francophone, en revanche, le cadre temporel du procès administratif est essentiellement réglementé. Il traduit un droit administratif dont les sources sont principalement textuelles. Il s’agit donc d’un temps prescrit à l’avance par les textes. Ce temps s’exprime à l’impératif, d’une part, et, d’autre part, on observe aussi une forme essentiellement quantitative du temps du point de vue de sa détermination même. Dans ces conditions, cette approche du temps est celle qu’on pourrait qualifier de rigide, d’un temps figé, contrairement à un temps choisi comme c’est le cas en droit français. L’approche dynamique ou flexible du temps, observée en droit français, est, malgré le risque de rallongement du temps des procédures qu’elle peut occasionner, plus profitable aux justiciables et plus équilibrée pour assurer la place du temps dans le procès. Elle traduit un droit administratif français qui, avec l’évolution de l’office du juge administratif, la confiance faite au juge, a évolué vers la protection des citoyens ; contrairement à la forme rigide du temps, observée dans les législations africaines francophones qui, faisant la part belle au principe de sécurité juridique, donc moins favorable aux justiciables, est l’expression d’un droit administratif essentiellement tourné vers l’efficacité de l’action administrative ou encore la préservation du principe de sécurité juridique. / In the administrative lawsuit, time must reconcile the rights of justiciable and the principle of legal security. The comparative analysis of the French rights and the French-speaking country of Africa, following the example of Cameroon and of Gabon, gives the opportunity to observe the various facets of the time seized by the right in administrative dispute. In France, indeed, the temporal framework of the lawsuit is not exclusively defined by the legislator, it is also the work of jurisprudence and even of justiciable, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, this time is identified according to an approach at the same time quantitative, qualitative and of the economic situation. Thus, in theory, in the French administrative dispute, time appears in a flexible or malleable form. In the African rights, on the other hand, the temporal framework of the administrative lawsuit is more regulated, i.e. a time prescribes in advance by the texts, which is expressed with the requirement, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, one even observes a primarily quantitative approach from the point of view of his determination. Under these conditions, it appears, in theory, like a rigid time, a solidified time, contrary to a time chosen as it is the case in French right. This dynamic, or flexible approach, of time observed in French right is, in spite of the risk of extension of the time of the procedures which it can cause, advantageous with the justiciable ones. It is undoubtedly the reflection of a French administrative law which evolved to the protection of the citizens, contrary to the rigid form of time, observed in the African legislations which, making the good share with the principle of legal security to the detriment of the rights of justiciable, is the expression of an administrative law primarily turned towards the effectiveness of the administrative action.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian Rodrigues Mano.pdf: 902583 bytes, checksum: f25aff5390b4d4f0bd0733c7a7af9c94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / The dissertation encompass the thematic examination of the anticipated decision regarding the ripe aspect of the merit, grounded upon the strict observance of the access to Justice constitutional principle, considered in its entirety. Therefore, focusing on the constitutional tutelage of the civil procedure, and the impossibility of conceiving the procedural dictates disengaged from constitutional law, the necessary premises regarding the development of the study were established, with a brief approach to the access to Justice principle, allocating special attention to the evolution of the concept and the scope attributed to it, following the yearnings of the modern procedural theories, demonstrating that it is inherent to the principle the notion of the effectiveness of the process, which must constitute an adequate mean to the realization, on the factual level, of the substantive rights proclaimed by the State and, yet, comprising the content of the reasonable duration of the process guarantee. From them on, the paper addresses the possibility of the anticipated decision regarding the ripe aspect of the merit, de lege lata, even before the creation of the Civil Procedure Code of 2015, highlighting the dispute around article 273, §6º, of the Civil Procedure Code of 1973. Following that, the study centers on the definition of the judicial rulings with relevant decisional content (interlocutory decision and judgement) within the Brazilian legal order, deriving from an attempt of framing the partial decision of the merit within one of these species of jurisdictional ruling, considering the civil procedural system of 1973, alongside the changes promoted over it, addressing the difficulties involved in such task, the consequences of this position on the appeals and also relative to the motions to set aside judgement, as well as aspects on the execution of the ruling. The final chapter is aimed at the New Civil Procedure Code provisions which keep compatibility with the immediate decision of the ripe aspect of the merit, in order to clearly demonstrate how some innovations brought upon maintain harmony with the attendance of the access to Justice principle contents, without leaving the necessary criticism to the perpetuation of the uproar or inadequate destination, in certain points, of different rules on total and partial judgment of the merit / A dissertação envolve um exame da temática do julgamento antecipado da parcela madura do mérito, calcado na estreita observância ao princípio constitucional do acesso à justiça, considerado em sua inteireza. Assim, com enfoque na tutela constitucional do processo civil e na impossibilidade de se conceber os ditames processuais de forma desarraigada do direito constitucional, foram estabelecidas as premissas necessárias ao desenvolvimento do estudo, com uma breve abordagem do princípio do acesso à justiça, destinando especial atenção à evolução de seu conceito e à extensão que a ele atribuída, de acordo com os anseios da moderna processualística, mostrando ser a ele inerente a ideia de efetividade do processo, que deve constituir um meio adequado para a realização, no plano fático, dos direitos substantivos proclamados pelo Estado, e, ainda, englobando o conteúdo da garantia de razoável duração do processo. A partir de então, o trabalho aborda a admissão do julgamento antecipado da parcela madura do mérito, de lege lata, mesmo antes do advento do Código de Processo Civil de 2.015, destacando-se a celeuma envolvendo o artigo 273, § 6º, do Código de Processo Civil de 1.973. Em seguida, o estudo é centrado na definição dos pronunciamentos jurisdicionais com conteúdo decisório relevante (decisão interlocutória e sentença) no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, partindo para uma tentativa de enquadramento da decisão parcial de mérito numa dessas espécies de provimento jurisdicional, considerado o sistema processual civil de 1973, com as reformas nele empreendidas, abordando-se as dificuldades que isso envolve, as consequências recursais e relativas à ação rescisória do posicionamento adotado, bem como aspectos sobre a execução da decisão. O capítulo final é destinado às previsões do Novo Código de Processo Civil relacionadas ao julgamento imediato da parcela madura do mérito, a fim de deixar patente como algumas das inovações perpetradas guardam consonância com o conteúdo do princípio do acesso à justiça, sem descurar da necessária crítica à perpetuação de celeumas ou inadequada destinação, em determinados pontos, de tratamento diferenciado ao julgamento total e ao parcial do mérito

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Antonio Paderes Barbosa.pdf: 784561 bytes, checksum: 2ef39eeca5cffb9ef39a6e86e8bac33e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-26 / This study aims to analyze State liability arising from an infringement of the right to reasonable duration of court proceedings. Whereas the theme is recent in Brazilian law and given the lack of works about it, the searchs were subsidied in Spanish law, in French law, in Italian law and European Court of human rights. We discussed the right to "reasonable term" and also that kind of responsibility in the countries mentioned, and in their courts too. In all countries analysed the violation of this right results in State responsibility, with the consequent damages reparation. It was seen also the definition of justice deny. In our law, we have been studying the origins of speedy procedure . The tradition of the courts is to deny State liability due to judicial activity, with arguments like sovereignty, iudicata, independence of judges and fallibility, we refute them all, notably with the most recent courts decisions of the countries of the european continent. In conclusion, we figured out that we can blame the Brazilian State for damage caused by unreasonable duration of the process / O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a responsabilidade do Estado resultante da violação ao direito a razoável duração do processo judicial. Considerando que o tema é recente no direito brasileiro e dado a falta de obras especializadas, buscamos subsídios no direito espanhol, no direito francês, no direito italiano e na Corte europeia dos direitos do homem. Analisamos o direito ao prazo razoável e também a responsabilidade nos países citados e na, respectiva, Corte. Em todos os países analisados a violação a esse direito enseja na responsabilidade do Estado, com a consequente reparação dos danos. Verificamos também a definição de denegação de justiça. Em nosso direito, estudamos as origens da celeridade processual até os dias atuais. A tradição dos Tribunais é negar a responsabilidade do Estado decorrente da atividade jurisdicional, com argumentos na soberania, coisa julgada, independência dos juízes e falibilidade humana, rebatemos todos, notadamente com as decisões mais recentes das Cortes dos países do continente europeu. Desta forma, concluímos que é possível responsabilizar o Estado brasileiro pelos danos provocados pela irrazoável duração do processo

La non-discrimination est une notion en constante évolution. Elle se doit d’être réceptive aux nouvelles formes discriminatoires vécues par les travailleurs afin de garantir un niveau de protection juridique conforme aux exigences internationales et nationales. En ce sens, les discriminations multiples sont un parfait exemple. Il s’agit de situations dans lesquelles interviennent et interagissent plusieurs motifs prohibés. Or, le concept de discriminations multiples, issu des sciences sociales, n’est théorisé en droit que depuis les années 1980. Si elles sont inconnues du droit positif, la doctrine et la pratique tendent à souligner la nécessité de leur reconnaissance juridique. Saisies par le droit du travail, elles posent de nombreuses questions quant à leur définition et leur mise en oeuvre. Leur étude va permettre de délivrer une approche différente de l’exigence de non-discrimination en droit du travail mais également des objectifs de diversité en entreprise. / Anti-discrimination law is always evolving. It must be receptive to new types of discrimination against workers to guarantee a level of legal protection consistent with international and national standards. In that sense, multiple discriminations are a perfect example. They take place when several protected characteristics occur and interact with each other. The concept of multiple discriminations arises from social sciences but has only been legally theorized since the 80s. If French law does not consider them, jurisprudence and practice tends to underline the necessity of a legal acknowledgment. Seized by employment law, multiple discriminations pose many questions with regard to their definition and implementation. Nonetheless, studying them offers a different approach to the duty to not discriminate at work, and to insuring diversity in the workplace.

Submitted by CARLA MARIA GOULART DE MORAES (carlagm) on 2015-06-24T18:22:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VirginiaIcleDireito.pdf: 919455 bytes, checksum: 652d8c36d0e378644606e95ab56970b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-24T18:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VirginiaIcleDireito.pdf: 919455 bytes, checksum: 652d8c36d0e378644606e95ab56970b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-27 / Nenhuma / A proposta em desenvolver os processos judiciais sem dilações indevidas deve ser desenvolvida mediante práticas que estejam em concordância com os ditames Constitucionais. Para a concretização da tutela jurisdicional, é necessário que tais práticas, além de estarem em conformidade com a segurança do ordenamento jurídico e, capazes de efetivarem o direito fundamental a razoável duração do processo, contribuam, de forma efetiva, com os objetivos traçados pela Constituição. A audiência preliminar será investigada como um instrumento processual capaz de evitar dilações indevidas no decorrer dos processos, seja mediante a possibilidade de conciliação entre as partes, seja por meio do saneamento do processo. Permite a participação mais ativa dos agentes do processo, através do uso da oralidade. Neste sentido, compõe um sistema processual dinâmico, permitindo o “acesso à justiça” em sentido amplo, contemplando ao povo, a adjetivação de cidadão e difundindo a democracia participativa como proposta de Estado a ser adotada para a sociedade contemporânea. Nesse contexto, se pode vislumbrar que o dispositivo do art.331 do Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro, contribui com a efetividade do direito fundamental à razoável duração do processo, objetivando a redução da demora processual injustificável. Para tanto, cabe aos magistrados utilizarem-se de uma interpretação hermenêutica dos ditames constitucionais conjugada com os fatores externos que irão influenciá-lo. A problematização em questão pretende estudar a sociedade no momento atual, onde anseia pela consagração do direito fundamental ao processo em tempo razoável, o qual deve ser promovido por parte do Estado, já que o mesmo lhe consagrou constitucionalmente com o advento da EC 45/2004. Nesse contexto, cabe ao Estado responder pela demora injustificada dos tempos processuais. E a reparação deve manifestar-se através da indenização em favor do cidadão que teve seu direito tolhido, por conseqüência de um ato estatal, ou, no caso da audiência preliminar, sua inércia. / The proposal to develop the judicial procedures without undue delay should be developed through practices that are in accordance with the constitutional dictates. For the completion of judicial review, it is necessary that such practices, and comply with the safety of the legal system and able to enforce the fundamental right to a reasonable duration of the process, contribute, effectively, to the goals set by Constitution. The preliminary hearing will be investigated as a procedural tool that will prevent undue delays during the process, either through the possibility of conciliation between the parties, either through the restructuring process. Allows more active participation of the process’s, through the use of orality. In this sense, forms a dynamic procedural system, allowing "access to justice" in a broad sense, covering the people, the adjective of citizen participatory democracy and spreading as a proposed rule to be adopted to contemporary society. In this context, we can see that the machinery of article 331 of the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code, contributes to the effectiveness of the fundamental right of a reasonable duration of the process, aiming at the reduction of procedural delay unjustifiable. For this, use it to judges is a hermeneutic interpretation of constitutional principles coupled with external factors which will influence him, adopting the theory as formalism evaluative procedures. The questioning concerned intends to study the society at present, which yearns for the consecration of the fundamental right to process in reasonable time, which should be promoted by the state, since the constitutionally enshrined it even with the advent of constitutional emendment 45/2004. In this context, the State must answer for the undue delay of the procedural time. And the repair should be manifested through indemnity in favor of the citizen who had checked his right, as a consequence of a state act, or, if the preliminary hearing, his inertia.