Introdução: as comunidades religiosas fornecem um sistema de significados que impregna as relações familiares com conteúdo espiritual duradouro e sensação de pertencimento, prevendo sanções, reforçando a coesão entre os membros, resolvendo conflitos, além de identificar e perseguir os objetivos desejados coletivamente. O papel da religião, nesse contexto, não se restringe apenas ao âmbito sociocultural e comportamental, exercendo influência significativa na constituição da personalidade do indivíduo ao longo do ciclo da vida e, principalmente, no desenvolvimento infantil. A Vila Céu do Mapiá é uma comunidade formada por membros da religião brasileira Santo Daime. Situada no interior da Floresta Amazônica, no município de Pauini, Estado do Amazonas, é considerada a sede mundial da religião daimista. Objetivos: considerando o desenvolvimento infantil como um processo ativo e dependente da interação entre a criança e o ambiente, e admitindo que uma das principais influências sobre o desenvolvimento reside no processamento interno que a criança faz das experiências que vive, esta pesquisa apresenta uma sistematização dos resultados de estudos que analisaram o perfil psicológico de crianças participantes da doutrina do Santo Daime residentes na Vila Céu do Mapiá, relativos ao desenvolvimento emocional e cognitivo, visando contribuir para um melhor conhecimento das condições psicológicas das crianças e auxiliar em planejamentos de eventuais serviços de saúde mental na região. Método: foram avaliadas onze crianças com idade entre 6 e 9 anos, sendo aplicado o Teste das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven (Escala Especial), para selecionar crianças sem indicadores de limitação intelectual; a Lista de Verificação Comportamental para Crianças (CBCL), para avaliar ausência de tratamento psicológico, neurológico e/ou psiquiátrico no último ano, complementada por informação referida por pais e/ou responsáveis em questionário de histórico pessoal. Garantiu-se assim uma amostra de crianças que apresentaram, dentro da disponibilidade de informação, índices de desenvolvimento típico da faixa etária. Cada protocolo de Rorschach coletado foi codificado por três juízes independentes, com posterior análise da concordância entre avaliadores. Resultados e discussão: a análise do Rorschach priorizou as variáveis de autopercepção, aspectos cognitivos e relacionamento interpessoal. Os resultados indicaram que as crianças apresentam adequação às convenções da realidade, com boa capacidade de abstração, simbolização e reflexão. Também foram identificados baixos escores no autoconceito (autopercepção) e relacionamento interpessoal. A respeito destes índices, é importante mencionar que valores baixos podem ser consequência da forma específica de interação cultural com demandas coletivas altas e baixo senso de eficácia, intensificados pelo alto senso de dever e disciplina, basilares desse tipo de comunidade rural e religiosa, em que as relações sociais são marcadas por comportamentos cooperativos e apropriados, nos quais a criança tende a antecipar relações favoráveis com o ambiente. Percebe-se ainda forte associação entre o contexto social no qual as crianças estão inseridas, as crenças relacionadas ao sistema cultural e as práticas de cuidado da criança / Introduction: Religious communities provide a meaning system that permeates the family relations with lasting spiritual content and sense of belonging, predicting sanctions, strengthening cohesion among members, solving conflicts, identifying and searching collective desired goals. The role of religion in that context is not restricted to socio-cultural and behavioral scope, exercising significant influence on individual personality formation during the life cycle, especially in child development. The Vila Céu do Mapiá is a community formed by members of the Santo Daime Brazilian religion. Situated inside the Amazon Forest, in the municipality of Pauini, Amazonas State, it is considered the world headquarters of the daimista religion. Objectives: Considering child development as an active and dependent process of interaction between the child and the environment, and admitting that one of the major influences on the development lies in the internal processing that the child does before life experiences, this research presents a systematization of results of studies that analyzed the psychological profile of participating children in the Santo Daime doctrine, related to emotional and cognitive development, to better understand the psychological conditions of those children and provide assistance to mental health services planning in the region. Method: Eleven children aged between 6 and 9 years were assessed through the Ravens progressive matrice test (special scale), to select children without intellectual limitation indicators; the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), to evaluate the absence of psychological, neurological and/or psychiatric treatment in the previous year, complemented with information reported by parents or guardians in the personal history questionnaire. Thus was assured a children sampling presenting, based on the information provided, typically developing rates for its age group. Three independent judges, with subsequent evaluator analysis, coded each Rorschach protocol collected. Results and discussion: the analysis of the Rorschach prioritized self-perception variables, cognitive aspects and interpersonal relations. Results indicated that the children present adequation to the reality conventions, with good capacity for abstraction, symbolization and reflection. Low scores were identified in self-concept and interpersonal skills. Regarding these contents, it is important to note that low values may result from specific form of cultural interaction between high collective demands and low sense of efficacy, enhanced by the high sense of duty and discipline, cornerstone of this type of rural and religious community, where relations are marked by cooperative and appropriate behaviors and in which children tend to anticipate favorable relations with the environment. There is still strong association among social context in which children are inserted, beliefs related to the cultural system and children care practices

Introdução: as comunidades religiosas fornecem um sistema de significados que impregna as relações familiares com conteúdo espiritual duradouro e sensação de pertencimento, prevendo sanções, reforçando a coesão entre os membros, resolvendo conflitos, além de identificar e perseguir os objetivos desejados coletivamente. O papel da religião, nesse contexto, não se restringe apenas ao âmbito sociocultural e comportamental, exercendo influência significativa na constituição da personalidade do indivíduo ao longo do ciclo da vida e, principalmente, no desenvolvimento infantil. A Vila Céu do Mapiá é uma comunidade formada por membros da religião brasileira Santo Daime. Situada no interior da Floresta Amazônica, no município de Pauini, Estado do Amazonas, é considerada a sede mundial da religião daimista. Objetivos: considerando o desenvolvimento infantil como um processo ativo e dependente da interação entre a criança e o ambiente, e admitindo que uma das principais influências sobre o desenvolvimento reside no processamento interno que a criança faz das experiências que vive, esta pesquisa apresenta uma sistematização dos resultados de estudos que analisaram o perfil psicológico de crianças participantes da doutrina do Santo Daime residentes na Vila Céu do Mapiá, relativos ao desenvolvimento emocional e cognitivo, visando contribuir para um melhor conhecimento das condições psicológicas das crianças e auxiliar em planejamentos de eventuais serviços de saúde mental na região. Método: foram avaliadas onze crianças com idade entre 6 e 9 anos, sendo aplicado o Teste das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven (Escala Especial), para selecionar crianças sem indicadores de limitação intelectual; a Lista de Verificação Comportamental para Crianças (CBCL), para avaliar ausência de tratamento psicológico, neurológico e/ou psiquiátrico no último ano, complementada por informação referida por pais e/ou responsáveis em questionário de histórico pessoal. Garantiu-se assim uma amostra de crianças que apresentaram, dentro da disponibilidade de informação, índices de desenvolvimento típico da faixa etária. Cada protocolo de Rorschach coletado foi codificado por três juízes independentes, com posterior análise da concordância entre avaliadores. Resultados e discussão: a análise do Rorschach priorizou as variáveis de autopercepção, aspectos cognitivos e relacionamento interpessoal. Os resultados indicaram que as crianças apresentam adequação às convenções da realidade, com boa capacidade de abstração, simbolização e reflexão. Também foram identificados baixos escores no autoconceito (autopercepção) e relacionamento interpessoal. A respeito destes índices, é importante mencionar que valores baixos podem ser consequência da forma específica de interação cultural com demandas coletivas altas e baixo senso de eficácia, intensificados pelo alto senso de dever e disciplina, basilares desse tipo de comunidade rural e religiosa, em que as relações sociais são marcadas por comportamentos cooperativos e apropriados, nos quais a criança tende a antecipar relações favoráveis com o ambiente. Percebe-se ainda forte associação entre o contexto social no qual as crianças estão inseridas, as crenças relacionadas ao sistema cultural e as práticas de cuidado da criança / Introduction: Religious communities provide a meaning system that permeates the family relations with lasting spiritual content and sense of belonging, predicting sanctions, strengthening cohesion among members, solving conflicts, identifying and searching collective desired goals. The role of religion in that context is not restricted to socio-cultural and behavioral scope, exercising significant influence on individual personality formation during the life cycle, especially in child development. The Vila Céu do Mapiá is a community formed by members of the Santo Daime Brazilian religion. Situated inside the Amazon Forest, in the municipality of Pauini, Amazonas State, it is considered the world headquarters of the daimista religion. Objectives: Considering child development as an active and dependent process of interaction between the child and the environment, and admitting that one of the major influences on the development lies in the internal processing that the child does before life experiences, this research presents a systematization of results of studies that analyzed the psychological profile of participating children in the Santo Daime doctrine, related to emotional and cognitive development, to better understand the psychological conditions of those children and provide assistance to mental health services planning in the region. Method: Eleven children aged between 6 and 9 years were assessed through the Ravens progressive matrice test (special scale), to select children without intellectual limitation indicators; the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), to evaluate the absence of psychological, neurological and/or psychiatric treatment in the previous year, complemented with information reported by parents or guardians in the personal history questionnaire. Thus was assured a children sampling presenting, based on the information provided, typically developing rates for its age group. Three independent judges, with subsequent evaluator analysis, coded each Rorschach protocol collected. Results and discussion: the analysis of the Rorschach prioritized self-perception variables, cognitive aspects and interpersonal relations. Results indicated that the children present adequation to the reality conventions, with good capacity for abstraction, symbolization and reflection. Low scores were identified in self-concept and interpersonal skills. Regarding these contents, it is important to note that low values may result from specific form of cultural interaction between high collective demands and low sense of efficacy, enhanced by the high sense of duty and discipline, cornerstone of this type of rural and religious community, where relations are marked by cooperative and appropriate behaviors and in which children tend to anticipate favorable relations with the environment. There is still strong association among social context in which children are inserted, beliefs related to the cultural system and children care practices

This study argues that a pragmatic conception of religion would enable philosophers to make important contributions to our ability to handle concrete problems involving religion. The term 'philosophical anthropology', referring to different interpretative frameworks, which philosophers draw on to develop conceptions of human phenomena, is introduced. It is argued that the classical pragmatists embraced a philosophical anthropology significantly different from that embraced by most philosophers of religion; accordingly, pragmatism offers an alternative conception of religion. It is suggested that a conception of religion is superior to another if it makes more promising contributions to our ability to handle extra-philosophical problems of religion. A pragmatic philosophical anthropology urges us to view human practices as responses to shared experienced needs. Religious practices develop to resolve tensions in our views of life. The pictures of human flourishing they persent reconstruct our views of life, thereby allowing more significant interaction with the environment, and a more significant life. A modified version of reflective equilibrium is developed to show how we, on a pragmatic conception of religion, are able to supply resources for criticism and reform of religious practices, so the extra-philosophical problems of religion can be handled. Mainstream philosophy of religion attempts to offer such resources by presenting analogy-arguments from religious experience. Those arguments are, however, unconvincing. A comparison of the two conceptions of religion thus results in a recommendation to reconstruct philosophy of religion.

Ce mémoire se propose d’étudier la manière nouvelle dont se présente la croyance religieuse à l’âge séculier dans la philosophie de la religion du philosophe Charles Taylor. Plus précisément, nous cherchons à démontrer que la croyance et l’incroyance possèdent les mêmes fondements phénoménologiques, qui sont à trouver du côté des questions identitaires. Afin d’y arriver, nous commençons par analyser sa redéfinition de la sécularité afin de comprendre pourquoi l’âge séculier n’est pas en soi un âge irréligieux. Nous montrerons en quoi, selon Taylor, les Occidentaux partagent un même « arrière-plan » moral et spirituel – le « cadre immanent », que nous appréhendons comme le contexte au sein duquel émergent les positions croyantes et athées. Nous présentons ensuite une brève analyse des éléments historiques et phénoménologiques du cadre immanent ainsi que de sa fonction « transcendantale », ce qui nous permet d’expliquer la raison pour laquelle Taylor soutient que la croyance et l’incroyance relèvent avant tout de l’identité morale et des considérations éthiques qui soutiennent notre vision du monde. Ici nous suivons Taylor en affirmant que ce sont toutes deux des expériences vécues qui a priori s’équivalent sur le plan rationnel. Enfin, au cœur de notre réflexion se trouve la mise en valeur d’un concept très important que Taylor développe à partir des travaux de William James, à savoir l’« espace ouvert jamesien ». Cette ouverture, rendue possible par la sécularité elle-même, vise à rendre compte d’un état de lucidité par lequel nous pouvons ressentir la force des deux options. / This paper aims to describe how Charles Taylor articulates his philosophy of religion in his major work, A Secular Age. We argue that belief and unbelief share the same phenomenological fundamentals, which can be found in the constituents of identity. In order to do that, we shall first analyse his redefinition of secularity in order to see how the secular age is not irreligious in itself. What will emerge of this preliminary investigation is the Taylorian idea that all Westerners share the same spiritual and moral “background”, the “immanent frame”, which must be understood as the context in which we form our beliefs. Then we develop an analysis of the historical elements of the immanent frame and of its “transcendental” function, which makes it possible to explain why Taylor conceives belief and unbelief as questions of moral identity. We follow Taylor in arguing that they are both lived experiences of equal rational value. At the heart of our paper, there is an important concept that Taylor has developed from William James’s work, which is the “Jamesian open space”. This openness illustrates a state of lucidity that is characterised by the ability to feel the force of both options, belief and unbelief.

In the latter half of the 20th century interreligious dialogue has become a necessary and important feature in human co-existence. This study discusses the dialogue of religious experience. The essentials in this dialogue are mutual understandings of prayer and contemplation as practiced in differing religious and cultural contexts. The dissertation consists of four parts. The first is a survey of missiological theology on interreligious dialogue, contemplation and inculturation in the Catholic Church after the Second Vatican Council. The second part considers initiatives taken in dialogue in the Benedictine Order from early 1960-ties to mid 1990-ties. Attention is given to "East-West Spiritual Exchange" which has taken place regularly between European participants in "Dialogue Interreligieux Monastique" and Zen Buddhists in Japan. The third section focuses on Japan. Three Japanese Catholic theologians are discussed. In efforts to establish theological and pastoral communication with Zen tradition, moving towards an integration of details emerging from Zen practice to Catholic spirituality, the Japanese theologians theologize in a fashion similar to the Benedictines. The final section analyses initiatives in dialogue of religious experience discussed in the thesis. Key concepts draw attention to distinctive characteristics of specific expressions in dialogue, partly in monastic contexts, partly in Japanese contexts. Because the particular form of dialogue presented is an ongoing process which has only recently commenced, no final results in developments can yet be identified. Suffice it to state that initiatives described are new inputs in Catholic missiological study. Both Benedictine and Japanese theologians have in many ways paved the way for official Catholic theology on interreligious dialogue.

The thesis concerns itself with spiritual needs of young Christians. It takes into consideration the development of religious judgement, psycho-social development young people undergoe, and the influence of the current secularized society on their value opinions and attitudes. It analyses three aspects of the Christian faith: the knowledge of Church teachings, the partaking on the life of the Church and the Christian moral principles. It further considers the problems and tasks of pastoral care of the youth, and it describes the ways work and spirituality of the best known movements, and other activities of the youth and for the youth in the dioceses. The thesis concludes in postulating the existence of three levels of youth spiritual needs: the level of good Christian role models, the level of patient spiritual guidance and the level of an attractive Christian culture.

As TPM warrants greater attention in the field of practical theology, this thesis is about the further development of TPM, within Pastoral Theology as well as in its practices. This research explored if more healing possibilities may emerge when TPM is epistemologically positioned in social constructionism and has drawn attention to healing possibilities that narrative practices may open up for TPM. To achieve this, a process of social construction was followed where the narratives of participants' experiences of the practices of TPM were reflected upon. The participants related how and why the practices of TPM influenced the way they narrated their lives. According to their tales the main influencing factor was an authentic encounter with God, where they experienced that He had experientially entered into a conversation with them about the way they constructed their realities. By giving His perspective on their beliefs about memories from their past, He helped them to start processes of reconstructing new preferred life stories. The importance of the role of a faith community as well as that of significant others also became evident. An important contribution of this research is the emphasis that was put on the ‘not-knowing’ position of the facilitator. This is not an authentic TPM-term, but the way the facilitator's role is described, in the TPM guidelines, is similar to what is understood by that term in social constructionist therapy approaches. Throughout the research report I indicated the important role of this position in the helpfulness of TPM. It became clear through the narratives that when the facilitator's knowing entered the Theophostic process, the process was impeded. Closely related to this ‘not-knowing’ position, is the ethical accountability of TPM. I indicated how this position of the facilitator related to the participants' experiences of the facilitator not being judgemental and being respected for who (s)he is. In judging the authenticity of changes experienced by the recipients of TPM, I proposed a process of participatory ethics. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / Thesis (D.Th. (Pastoral Therapy)

Text in Afrikaans / Tieners se probleme veroorsaak dikwels godvervreemdheid of kerkloosheid. Die rede, wil dit vookom, is omdat hulle met 'n verkeerde en naiwe godsbeeld en godservaringe hulle lewenspad begin loop het. Uit hierdie studie het dit baie duidelik geword dat die ondersteuningsisteme van die jong tiener sy/haar ervaring van God baie belnvloed. Van hierdie ondersteuningsisteme blyk die huis en familie die primere invloede te wees op die jong tiener se ervaring van God. Die rol wat die ouers speel in die daarstelling van 'n gesonde of verkeerde godsbegrip het in die studie sterk op die voorgrond getree. Die studie het ook nuwe lig gewerp op die rol en invloed van die kerk in die jong tiener se ervaring van God. Die rol van veral kognitiewe, sosiale en godsdienstige ontwikkeling is ook geidentifiseer as belangrik vir die ontwikkeling van 'n gesonde godsbeeld. Aan die einde van die studie is riglyne gegee vir die bediening. / Teenagers' problems cause them to become alienated from God and the church. The reason, seems to be that they start walking on the road of life according to wrong and naive images and experiences of God. In this study it became clear that support systems of young teenagers influence their experience of God. Of these support systems the home and family seem to be the primary influences on young teenager's experience of God. The role of parents in the establishment of a healthy, or wrong image of God, stood on the foreground very strongly. The study also sheds new light on the role and influence of the church in the junior higher' s experience of God. The role of especially cognitive, social and religious development were also identified as important for the development of a healthy image of God. At the end guidelines are provided for ministry. / M. Diac. (Praktiese Teologie (Jeugwerk))

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese discute a questão de gênero, tema importante para nossa época. Objetiva fazer uma análise na perspectiva fenomenológica e teológica da questão de gênero por meio das contribuições de Edith Stein (1891-1942), filósofa e discípula de Edmund Husserl (1859-1938). Examina, portanto, as relações entre masculino e feminino, destacando de modo particular a questão da mulher. Neste estudo, enfatiza-se, também, a presença de Edith Stein no panorama da literatura feminina da época, sua participação nos movimentos feministas e pedagógicos, sua relevância na escola fenomenológica pela capacidade de transitar nas diversas áreas do saber e pela sua original aplicabilidade do método fenomenológico no estudo da pessoa humana em suas variadas dimensões: corpo, alma, espírito, valores, relação com os outros e com Deus. Edith Stein se concentra em torno do sujeito da empatia e de suas vivências. Das análises das relações intersubjetivas, colhe elementos para a elaboração de uma antropologia filosófica, que no encontro com a tradição aristotélico-tomista integra com a antropologia cristã. Ao longo do trabalho, busca-se, ao mesmo tempo, examinar a relação do ser humano com a dimensão religiosa, com particular referência à teologia cristã católica. Discutem-se os significados ontológicos da natureza e essência da mulher, sugeridos pela pensadora numa prospectiva de complementaridade. A pesquisa trata da questão feminina contemporânea e faz confronto entre os escritos de Edith Stein e a condição da mulher em seu tempo. Paralelamente aborda os movimentos feministas no Brasil para demonstrar a situação da mulher nos diversos contextos histórico-sociais. Do ponto de vista teológico, a relação homem e mulher é estudada à luz da Revelação judaico-cristã, homem e mulher criados à imagem de Deus e da Trindade. A mulher ganha sua nobreza pelo fato de o Redentor nascer de uma mãe humana e, Maria é apresentada como protótipo da feminilidade: é a Mater- Virgo e a Sponsa-Christi. Nesse sentido, faz-se referência à tradição cristã, em particular à Carta Apostólica Mulieris Dignitatem de João Paulo II. Mostra-se a estreita relação entre as reflexões filosóficas e antropológicas dos pensadores sobre a teologia da feminilidade na Igreja Católica e a proposta de um novo feminismo da Igreja. Reflete-se sobre o protagonismo da mulher, a partir do valor fundamental do ser humano masculino e feminino. Alude-se à experiência religiosa cristã como abertura e encontro com a Verdade Revelada, itinerário individual e coletivo. Acena-se, por fim, à fenomenologia da espiritualidade e a teologia mística aprofundas por Edith Stein, inspirada nas obras de Santa Teresa DÁvila e São João da Cruz.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-01-26T16:42:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ismaeldevasconcelosferreira.pdf: 1861651 bytes, checksum: f7ce39c0b539a6e91106172dccb3e772 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-01-29T10:53:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ismaeldevasconcelosferreira.pdf: 1861651 bytes, checksum: f7ce39c0b539a6e91106172dccb3e772 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-29T10:53:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ismaeldevasconcelosferreira.pdf: 1861651 bytes, checksum: f7ce39c0b539a6e91106172dccb3e772 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / Esta tese propõe conhecer e discutir os modos de construção da realidade religiosa da vida pentecostal definida pela experiência religiosa concernente ao pentecostalismo, tendo como referencial teórico uma definição de religião mais essencial que suscite o homo religiosus inerente ao homem. Esta proposição é assumida como mais adequada a uma pesquisa em Ciência da Religião, tendo em vista concentrar-se no objeto religioso e suas intenções inerentes às práticas subjacentes da cultura pentecostal. A abordagem se deu qualitativamente, por meio de pesquisa de campo realizada na cidade de Juiz de Fora-MG no período de outubro de 2014 a novembro de 2015. Foram entrevistados fiéis e egressos, num total de trinta e quatro, que eram oriundos de instituições nominalmente pentecostais. A coleta de informações foi feita utilizando-se o método da entrevista compreensiva que permite maior aproximação ao entrevistado e promove melhores condições de se estabelecerem perspectivas teóricas e de síntese sobre o objeto estudado. Esta discussão permitiu um conhecimento profundo e constitutivo desta religiosidade, resultado necessário à análise da religião enquanto promovedora de realidades significativas e últimas que tendem a questionar outras perspectivas concorrentes. Deste modo, a religião é considerada neste trabalho não de forma nominal, mas qualitativa, tendo no pentecostalismo sua representação formal e na vida pentecostal seu aspecto dinâmico e substancial. Esta abordagem permitiu tanto a visualização da religião pentecostal e a coleta dos registros que indicam seus constituintes propriamente religiosos, apresentando sua linguagem religiosa, quanto, a partir da consideração a esta prerrogativa humana do ser religioso, a discussão e constatação do poder de definição e normatização da religião, produzindo o ser crente. / This thesis proposes to know and discuss the modes of construction of the religious reality of the Pentecostal life defined by the religious experience concerning Pentecostalism, having as theoretical reference a more essential definition of religion which arouses homo religiosus inherent to man. This proposition is assumed to be best suited to research in the Science of Religion in order to focus on the religious object and its intentions concerning the underlying practices of Pentecostal culture. The approach was qualitative, through a field survey conducted in the city of Juiz de Fora-MG from October 2014 to November 2015. A total of thirty-four believers and former believers from nominally Pentecostal institutions were interviewed. The data collection was done using a comprehensive interview method, which allows a better approximation to the interviewee and promotes better conditions to establish theoretical perspectives and synthesis about the analyzed object. This discussion allowed a deep and constitutive knowledge of this religiosity, a necessary result for the analysis of religion as a promoter of significant and last realities that tend to question other competing perspectives. Thus, religion is considered in this work not nominally but qualitatively, having in Pentecostalism its formal representation and in Pentecostal life its dynamic and substantial aspect. This approach allowed both the visualization of the Pentecostal religion and the collection of records that indicate its properly religious constituents, presenting its religious language, and, from the consideration of this human prerogative of the religious being, the discussion and verification of the power of definition and normalization of religion, producing the believing person.