Thesis in the first part deals with the theoretical background for the analysis of the educational system. It describes the different phases of the educational system and possible approaches to training staff. The next part is a practical analysis of the education system of sales representatives at Top Moravia Q. This study focuses on introductory training for sales representatives and subsequent training, a personal training manager, working meeting and seminars. Through qualitative and quantitative research investigated the views of program participants on its meaning, effectiveness and contribution. The final part of the evaluation of the findings made and formulated recommendations for improving the program and the educational system as a whole. Also evaluated the overall company's approach to educational activities.

Digitalisering är något som är allt mer utbrett i samhället, på arbetsplatser och i våra hem. Arbetsmiljöarbetet är idag delvis digitaliserat och hur arbetet genomförs kan se olika ut beroende på vilken typ av arbetsplats det gäller. Även processen kring en skyddsrond, vilken utförs för att bedöma risker i den fysiska arbetsmiljön, varierar mellan liknande arbetsplatser. Dokumentering utförs till stor del manuellt och data som samlas in går ej att överblicka på ett användbart sätt. Riskerna är att viktig information går förlorad och att digitalisering som redan är implementerad inte når sin fulla potential. Mer konkreta konsekvenser utgörs av att organisationer kan gå miste om förtjänster samt leda till bristande arbetsmiljöarbete. Studien genomfördes i form av en kartläggning där elva skyddsombud intervjuades. Data från intervjuerna analyserades sedan genom ett affinitetsdiagram. Analysen resulterade i teman som berörde krångliga processer, avsaknad av information, psykosocial arbetsmiljö och samarbete. Även att digitala verktyg kan skapa mer problem än de löser. Slutsatsen är att arbetsprocesserna kan bli mer tidseffektiva, data som samlas in kan bli mer korrekt och därmed utgöra ett tydligt beslutsunderlag som lättare kan visualiseras och integreras i en organisations verksamhet. Bättre tillgång till data i en organisation kan även leda till bättre förutsättningar för uppföljning av arbetsmiljöarbetet. Kring utmaningar dras slutsatsen om att befintliga arbetsprocesser inte får försvåras. / Digitalisation is widely spread in society, in our workplaces and in our homes. The work environment work is partially digitalized and how the work is carried out differs amongst work places. Even the process with the work environment inspection round, which is performed to assess risks in the physical work environment, is different amongst similar workplaces. The documentation is substantially carried out manually and the collected data lack a useful overview. The risks due to the latter is loss of information as well as that implemented digitalisation does not reach its full potential. In concrete, the consequences are constituted by missed earnings for companies and lacking work environment work. The study was conducted in the form of a survey where eleven work environment representatives were interviewed. The collected data were analyzed through an affinity diagram.The analysis resulted in themes that referred to complicated processes, lack of information, psychosocial work environment and collaboration. As well that digital tools can create more problems than they would solve. The conclusion is that work processes can be more time effective, collected data can be more correct and hence constitute a distinct decision basis that is more easily visualized and integrated into the operations of a company. Better access to data in an organization can also lead to better prerequisites for follow-up on work environment work. The conclusion regarding the challenges of digitalisation is that it should not make existing processes more difficult.

Magister Educationis - MEd / Hierdie studie handeloor die aanwending van 'n trilogie van aksienavorsingsprojekte in 'n skool wat daartoe gelei het dat 'n outokratiese bestuurstyl in 'n koëperatiewe skoolbestuurstelsel verander is. Gegee die feit dat skoolbesluitneming grotendeels in die persoon van die skoolhoof gesentreer was, is daadwerklike pogings aangewend om alle betrokkenes in die besluitnemingsproses by Betel Skool vir Epileptici , Kuilsrivier, te betrek. Hierdie pogings het daartoe gelei dat die skoolhoof, personeellede, die Raad van Bestuur en die ouergemeenskap gesamentlike bestuurders van die skool geword het. Die gevolglike koëperatiewe skoolbestuur en gesamentlike verantwoordelikheid vir besluitneming het duidelik in veral die betrokkenheid van bestaande personeellede in die aanstelling van nuwe personeellede by die skool gemanifesteer. Waar hierdie verantwoordelikheid voorheen slegs op die skouers van die skoolhoof en die Raad van Bestuur gerus het, is personeellede met behulp van aksienavorsing in hierdie benoemingsproses betrek en vind geen aanstelling van personeellede tans plaas sonder die insette van die huidige personeel nie. Hierdie tesis beskryf voorts hoe die skool 'n eis van die Departement van Onderwys en Kultuur (Raad van Verteenwoordigers) gehanteer het dat dertien onderwysers geïdentifiseer moet word wat op 7 Augustus 1991 aan 'n protesoptog deelgeneem het. Dié opdrag is geïgnoreer en die Departement is met 'n georkestreerde teenreaksie van die skoolhoof, die personeel en die Raad van Bestuur gekonfronteer. Aksienavorsing is weer eens aangewend om hierdie intimiderende en hooghandige opdrag van die Onderwysdepartement wat die potensiaal gehad het om die dertien onderwysers te isoleer en aan die moontlikheid van ernstige dissiplinêre stappe bloot te stel, ter syde gestel te kry Hierdie werk toon dat dit moontlik is om met behulp van aksienavorsing, fundamentele veranderings in die bestuur van In skool aan te bring, te help met die demokratisering van besluitnemingsprosesse, die verskillende betrokkenes by die skool te bemagtig en nuwe betekenis te gee aan wat in die kantoor en klaskamers van die skool plaasvind.

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Recent failure of such companies as Enron, Worldcom and Parmala showed that there are internal reasons contributing to company’s financial distress. Financial distress is a condition when a company fails to meet its debt obligations. Board of directors is liable for long-term decisions and their ineffective work in monitoring and controlling management can influence companies’ performance. With that in mind, in this degree project, we would like to answer the following research question: “What is the relationship between characteristics of Board and probability of financial distress, measured by Altman’s Z-score models in Sweden and Denmark?”   The epistemological and ontological choices for our study were positivism and objectivism with deductive approach. We have calculated Z-scores of Swedish and Danish companies in order to detect distressed and healthy companies. Further on, the information about board composition in each company was collected; mainly we were interested in board independence, board size, board ownership, COB ownership, CEO duality and employee representatives.   In order to examine if there is a relationship between board composition and financial distress, we have done Multiple and Binary Regression analyses. Based on the results we can state that board independence, board ownership and employee representatives and market capitalization (control variable) have significant relationship with probability of financial distress. Our study is interesting since we have looked at employee representatives, as a board characterectic that is specific for Nordic countries and that was not studied before. In addition, we have found that there is no CEO duality in Sweden and Denmark, since all companies in our sample followed the Companies’ Acts. COB ownership, the additional variable we wanted to test and board size have shown no significant relationship.

L’objet de cette thèse est d’étudier les dispositifs de protection de l’emploi dans l’entreprise en difficulté. Elle met en exergue la difficile articulation entre les mécanismes du droit du travail et ceux du droit commercial, qui semble souvent mener à l’effacement du premier devant les impératifs du second. Le titre I est ainsi consacré à l’examen des prérogatives confiées aux représentants des salariés afin de défendre leur intérêt collectif, l’emploi, lorsque la situation de l’entreprise est compromise. L’accent est particulièrement mis sur l’absence de moyens d’action efficaces, plaçant les salariés dans le rôle de spectateurs, et non d’acteurs, du processus décisionnel relatif à la détermination du sort de l’entreprise. Le titre II s’intéresse, quant à lui, à la place octroyée à l’emploi au regard des objectifs que la loi a attribué au droit des entreprises en difficulté et qui doivent être poursuivis par le juge. Il constate que l’impératif de maintien de l’emploi s’efface devant l’objectif prioritaire que constitue la sauvegarde de l’activité économique. Ainsi, en dépit des réformes successives ayant touché le droit des entreprises en difficulté, la prise en considération de l’emploi demeure timide. L’implication apparente des salariés masque leur mise à distance des principales décisions relatives à la détermination du sort de l’entreprise. L’emploi, en particulier lorsqu’il est soumis à l’instrumentalisation des procédures collectives par des groupes désireux de se débarrasser, à moindre coût, de leurs filiales, est envisagé avant tout comme une variable ajustable de l’entreprise en difficulté. / The object of this thesis is to study the mechanisms of employment protection of firms in crisis. It highlights the difficult articulation between the mechanisms of the labor law and those of the commercial law, which often seems to lead to the disappearance of the first in front of the imperatives of the second. Title I is dedicated to the examination of the resources assigned to the staff representatives to defend their collective interest, employment, when the situation of the company is compromised. The emphasis is particularly put on the absence of effective means of action, which places the employees in a spectators’ role, instead of an actors’ role, in the decision-making concerning the determination of the future of the company. Title II is interested in the place granted to the employment with regards to the objectives that law attribute to the crisis firms law and which must be pursued by the judge. He notices that the imperative of preservation of employment disappear in front of the priority objective constituted by the protection of the economic activity. So, in spite of the successive reforms having affected the commercial law, the consideration of employment remains shy. The visible implication of the employees masks their removal from the main decisions relative to the determination of the future of the company. Employment, in particular when it’s subject to the instrumentalization of the collective procedures by groups avid to get rid, at a lower cost, of their subsidiaries, is above all considered as an adjustable parameter of the firm in crisis.

This diploma thesis deals with basically unstudied topic of criminal liability of municipal representatives and other involved persons. At the beginning there is an attempt to create at theoretical level distinction between political decisions where no legal consequences should be brought and implementing decisions. This thesis pays special attention to questions of mens rea with respect to special conditions within municipal units. Therefore it is created different levels of duty of care based on relationship between subject and draft of decision. It is also remembered influence of an error to mens rea and a special situation of an error caused by improper advice or materials. The thesis pays attention also to basic criminal offences connected to this topic - breach of trust, abuse of authority and corruption. At the end there is a brief comparison with the system of liability of municipal representatives in chosen countries. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-23T19:23:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 desempenho_representantes.pdf: 1655903 bytes, checksum: 48911914e86e19e15e097422c36dc5f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-23T19:23:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 desempenho_representantes.pdf: 1655903 bytes, checksum: 48911914e86e19e15e097422c36dc5f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Nenhuma / O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o desempenho dos representantes da indústria farmacêutica no Estado de Goiás. No contexto de serviços eles desempenham o seu papel, transmitindo o conhecimento obtido por suas empresas, relacionado à pesquisa e desenvolvimento de seus produtos, para os clientes-médicos, como forma de auxiliá-los no processo decisório. A estratégia de pesquisa compreendeu duas fases; na exploratória, detalharam-se como as estratégias de marketing do setor farmacêutico são aplicadas na prestação de serviços e como estão estruturadas para estabelecer relacionamentos e promover a troca de informações e conhecimento com os médicos. A fase descritiva envolveu a coleta de dados qualitativos e uma pesquisa quantitativa conduzida com uma amostra de 218 representantes. Guiado pelas Teorias da Administração de Serviços e da Dinâmica do Papel Organizacional desenvolveu-se um modelo teórico e hipóteses de trabalho que testaram, por meio da técnica da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais, as relações existentes entre as dimensões da qualidade e da produtividade no desempenho com o controle percebido sobre a tarefa, o sistema de suporte da supervisão, os fatores desencadeantes do estresse e as tendências à saturação (burnout) destes funcionários. Os resultados indicaram a predominância de um modelo de trabalho caracterizado por elevados níveis de estresse e de saturação, com potencial para fortalecer os aspectos disfuncionais ao desempenho e, consequentemente, interferir nas dimensões técnicas e funcionais do encontro do serviço. / This study aims to evaluate the current status of the perfomance of the pharmaceutical industry sales representatives who work in the State of Goias. In the context of services, they play their role by transmitting the knowledge gained by their companies, related to research and development of its products to the physicians as a way to assist them in the decision making. The research strategy comprised two phases. The exploratory one detailed how marketing strategies are applied in providing services and how the pharmaceutical industry is structured to establish relationships and promote the exchange of information and knowledge with physicians. The descriptive phase involved the collection of qualitative and quantitative data from a sample of 218 sales representatives. Guided by the Services Administration and the Dynamics of Organizational Role Theories, this study also developed a theoretical model and working hypotheses that tested by the technique of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) the relationship between the dimensions of productivity and quality of perfomance with the perceived control on the task, the support system of supervision, the role stressors and burnout tendencies of these employees. The results indicated the predominance of a working model characterized by high levels of stress and burnout, with the potential to strengthen the dysfunctional aspects of performance and thus interfere with the technical and functional dimensions of service encounter.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thais Cristina de Barros Nobrega.pdf: 1113760 bytes, checksum: 4a2b8c5cdddff897567dde0af48ba8b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-24 / People are in constant interaction in organization. These interactions develop a network of relationships in which different elements are exchanged, among them we have knowledge. Usually these exchanges happen by way of common routine activities over conversations, situation sharing and while performing tasks. This process is called informal learning. So that knowledge may become a competitive advantage, companies must encourage social interactions in the network, learning the nature of the content exchanged and which are the people who carry out an important role in the process of informal learning, which means who the reference-actors are in the organization. This dissertation is a case study of a network of sales representatives from a pharmaceutical laboratory. Its aim is to evaluate what is relevant in defining of a reference-actor in this network, in view of technical knowledge. The study was performed in two stages: a) a focus group was conducted with 15 representatives to better define the problem and b) a quantitative study was conducted with 149 sales representatives. Data analysis was performed using the metrics of Social Network Analysis and sociograms, and also the variables to verify hypotheses. The study results revealed that the choice of a reference-actor is made individually, based on the perception of those who choose. It was concluded that technical knowledge is an important attribute in the choice of a referenceactor, however, relevant knowledge is the one recognized by the peers and deals with general knowledge, since the reference-actors are the same, regardless of the nature of the knowledge. Nonetheless, what happened was that the definition of a reference-actor in this network, the relationships established among the actors are more decisive than the technical knowledge this actor may possess. That is, the choice of an actor as source of information is more tied to the level of trust and closeness this actor has with the one who chose than with his expertise. The results also revealed that there are strong and cohesive subgroups in this network, but no interaction among these subgroups making this network weak, diluted with an untapped potential and unable to generate social capital / de relacionamentos em que diferentes elementos são trocados, dentre os quais está o conhecimento. Geralmente, estas trocas acontecem por meio de atividades cotidianas e corriqueiras, durante conversas, compartilhamento de situações e a realização de tarefas. Esse processo é chamado de aprendizagem informal. Para que o conhecimento se torne uma vantagem competitiva, as empresas devem incentivar as interações sociais na rede, conhecer a natureza do conteúdo trocado e quem são as pessoas que desempenham um papel importante no processo de aprendizagem informal, ou seja, quem são os atores-referência na organização. Esta dissertação é um estudo de caso de uma rede de representantes de vendas de um laboratório farmacêutico. Seu objetivo é avaliar o que é relevante na definição de um atorreferência nesta rede, na perspectiva do conhecimento técnico. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas: a) foi realizado um grupo focal com 15 representantes para melhor definir a problemática e b) foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa com 149 representantes de vendas. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio das métricas de Análise de Redes Sociais e sociogramas, além das variáveis para verificação das hipóteses. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que a escolha de um ator-referência é feita de forma individual, baseada na percepção de quem escolhe. Concluiu-se que o conhecimento técnico é um atributo importante na escolha do ator-referência, porém, o conhecimento relevante é aquele reconhecido pelos pares e trata-se de um conhecimento geral, já que os atores-referência são os mesmos, independente da natureza do conhecimento. No entanto, o que se verificou foi que para a definição de um ator-referência nesta rede, as relações estabelecidas entre os atores são mais determinantes que o conhecimento técnico que este ator possui. Ou seja, a escolha de um ator como fonte de consulta está mais atrelada ao nível de confiança e à proximidade que este ator possui com que o escolheu do que com sua expertise. Os resultados também revelaram que nesta rede existem subgrupos fortes e coesos, porém não há interação entre estes subgrupos fazendo com que esta seja uma rede fraca, diluída, com um potencial subaproveitado e incapaz de gerar capital social

Reconhecendo que o discurso é um dos meios pelos quais a política se materializa, essa tese tem o objetivo de responder a seguinte questão: há indícios suficientes para afirmar que a comunicação parlamentar no âmbito da Câmara dos Deputados é governada pela relação governo-oposição, assim como constatado em sua atuação no processo decisório? Para respondê-la, foi feito o uso de técnicas computacionais e modelos estatísticos com a aplicação do expressed agenda model para análise do conteúdo de mais de 127 mil pronunciamentos realizados por mais de 2 mil oradores diferentes ao longo de mais de 15 anos de atividade parlamentar na Câmara dos Deputados. Com a apresentação de evidências robustas sobre a frequência dos discursos proferidos no Pequeno Expediente, a estratégia de concentração temática dos Deputados Federais e a ênfase por eles atribuída às agendas econômica e social, a resposta é que não. Há, na atividade parlamentar, muito mais do que a tarefa de produzir e aprovar leis. As conclusões apresentadas aprimoram o conhecimento a respeito do comportamento parlamentar no âmbito da Câmara dos Deputados e indicam a influência de outras variáveis sobre sua atuação como, por exemplo: a ideologia, o gênero, senioridade e a sua popularidade. / Recognizing that parliamentary speeches are one way in which politics is realized, this thesis aims to answer the following question: is there sufficient evidence to say that the parliamentary communication within the Chamber of Deputies is governed by the government-opposition relation, following conclusions about the decision-making process? To answer this question, I apply the expressed agenda model, computational techniques and statistical models over 127,000 speeches made by more than 2,000 different speakers in more than 15 years of parlamentary activity in the Chamber of Deputies. With robust evidence on the frequency of the speeches, thematic concentration and the expressed priorities between the emphasis attributed to economic and social agendas, the answer is no. The findings presented improve the knowledge about Brazilian parliamentary behavior and indicate the influence of other variables on its activities, for example: ideology, gender, seniority and popularity.