Em um ambiente produtivo, a falta de informações confiáveis cria, muitas vezes, uma imagem do chão-de-fábrica que não retrata a realidade, comprometendo o desempenho e diminuindo a agilidade da empresa. Neste contexto, um sistema de supervisão do chão-de-fábrica, capaz de fornecer informações confiáveis e de forma rápida, pode ser um grande diferencial para manter a competitividade das empresas de manufatura. Este trabalho sistematiza visões e conceitos que auxiliam na implantação de sistemas de supervisão do chão-de-fábrica em empresas que utilizam operações de usinagem no seu processo produtivo. Além disso, apresenta o desenvolvimento e a implantação deste sistema na Fábrica Integrada Modelo (FIM) do Núcleo de Manufatura Avançada (NUMA) da Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos - USP. / The lack of reliable information in a production environment creates a wrong image of the shop floor, affecting the plant\'s agility and its performance. A shop floor supervisory system, able to provide, in a fast way, that sort of information, can enhance the competitiveness of the manufacturing plant. The present work shows visions and concepts that can give support to the implementation of shop floor supervisory system in manufacturing plants. lt also presents the development and implementation of this kind of system in the lntegrated Model Plant (FIM) of the Advanced Manufacturing Nucleus (NUMA) at São Carlos - University of São Paulo.

É perceptível a tendência contemporânea da multifuncionalidade do objeto e do espaço. Este último desdobra-se e desconstrói-se em ambientes inter ou não-relacionados, agregando funções num mesmo lugar. Se o espaço mais óbvio para se encontrar arte e história é em uma galeria ou em um museu, é de se estranhar que estabelecimentos comerciais possam atuar nesta função artístico-cultural. Neste caso, é quase imediato pensar que esta ação poderia ser exercida deficientemente ou que alguma forma de lucro estaria fortemente envolvida. Mas há exceções; são locais onde não só o objeto deve ser tocado, sentido, experienciado como nas instalações artísticas contemporâneas como o ingresso a eles é sempre livre. Como em galerias e museus, a exposição do objeto é primordial, podendo fazer parte de um cenário original e preservado, reconstituído ou quase teatral, onde esta recepção estética apoia-se também em um conjunto de informações e interações com seu espectador. Quando a arquitetura do lugar também destaca-se, especialmente se tombada pelo patrimônio histórico e artístico (ou com possibilidades de ser), torna-se quase impossível somente se ater a uma única atividade exercida no local e não ao conjunto em si. As relações e fusões entre estabelecimentos comerciais com alguns artifícios e técnicas museológicas, através de desdobramentos tais como loja-museu, loja de museu e loja-galeria são objetos desta pesquisa, onde procura-se não só refletir sobre a abrangência dos lugares culturais, como sobre a identidade de uma cidade através do comércio local. A opção por modos de pesquisa diversos textuais, iconográficos e de campo foi fundamental para a constatação do comércio como uma forma de cultura, sendo que os três estudos de caso, todos localizados na Cidade de São Paulo, possibilitam também verificar a necessidade de seleção para a explicação desta ocorrência, assim como a abrangência cultural através da descrição de práticas tanto em comum quanto bem diferentes entre si. Assim, o comércio associa-se à arte, ao design, à moda, à história, ao lugar e à identidade, constituindo-se também como uma demonstração a visões que negam ou excluem esta atividade como também sendo legitimamente cultural. / It is noticeable the contemporary tendency of the multifunctionality of an object and the space. The latter unfolds and deconstructs into inter or not related environments, aggregating functions in the same place. If the most obvious place to find art and history is in a gallery or in a museum, it is quite strange that commercial establishments are able to act in this artistic-cultural activity. In this case, it is almost immediate thinking about this action as one that could be defectively performed or that some kind of profit could be strongly involved. However, there are exceptions; they are places where not only the object must be touched, be felt, be experienced as in the contemporary installations art but also the ticket for them is always free. Like in galleries and museums, the exhibition of the object is primordial, being able to take part in a original and well preserved scenery, reconstructed or almost theatrical, where the aesthetic reception is also based upon a combination of information and interactions with the spectator. When the architecture of the place is remarkable too, especially if it is under governmental trust as a historic or artistic heritage (or it has great possibilities), considering only one performed activity in this spot is almost impossible when there is a combination of them. The relations and fusions among commercial establishments with some museological resources and techniques - by the expansions such as shop-museum, museum shop, shop-gallery, are objects of this research, which attempts not only reflecting about the scope of cultural places but also about the identity of a city, observing the local trade. The option for different ways of research textual, iconographic and of field was fundamental for the confirmation of the commerce as a form of culture, observing that the three case studies, all localized in the City of São Paulo, also enable to verify the necessity of selection for the explanation about this occurrence, as well as the description about the cultural scope of practices both in common and unlike each other. Thus, there are associations between commerce and art, design, fashion, history, place and identity, constituting oneself also as a demonstration to visions which deny or exclude this activity as a legitimately cultural one too.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-27T15:27:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandadeoliveiraazevedo.pdf: 1596956 bytes, checksum: 237475ac3eb94755bc318891a7663b1e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-27T15:52:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandadeoliveiraazevedo.pdf: 1596956 bytes, checksum: 237475ac3eb94755bc318891a7663b1e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-27T15:52:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandadeoliveiraazevedo.pdf: 1596956 bytes, checksum: 237475ac3eb94755bc318891a7663b1e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T15:52:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandadeoliveiraazevedo.pdf: 1596956 bytes, checksum: 237475ac3eb94755bc318891a7663b1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-13 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Algumas professoras e alguns professores da escola iam cismando com oficinar um fazer docente com matemática. Cisma que não ia sendo só com elas e eles e ia compondo com outras professoras e professores de uma Faculdade de Educação (FACED) que fica na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. As professoras e os professores da Universidade também eram de salas de aula. Outras e outros traziam para o oficinar uma graduação em matemática ou em pedagogia. Tinha também uma professora que ia mestrando em um Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação . Mestranda travessa que com experimentações com o viver do oficinar vazava em novas invenções de pesquisa e narração. O oficinar ia transbordando em tensão e atenção em um curso de extensão de título bonito – Oficinas de produção matemática: o fazer docente junto a abordagens didático-metodológicas, onde esses professores e professoras e lienciandas e licenciandos e mestranda e e e ... inventavam formação com um falório danado e com uma fazeção matemática danada. Toda essa gente ia se encontrando no Núcleo de Educação em Ciência, Matemática e Tecnologia (NEC/UFJF). E iam sendo cutucadas e cutucados com matemática e iam tecendo com suas concepções e suas formações. Iam inventando formações. Daí vem um escrito com tudo isto, chamado dissertação, numa contação com esses fazeres e dizeres e viveres e e e ... Vem quaresmando. / Some teachers and some school teachers were wondering about Work shopping a teacher's practice with mathematics. Wondering that was not just with them and they went composing with other teachers and also with the teachers of Faculty of Education (FACED) which is at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora. The University teachers were also schoolrooms. Others brought to the work shopping a degree in math or in pedagogy. And also had a teacher who was a graduate student in a Graduate Education program. A master’s degree mischief with experimentations with being part of the work shopping leaked in new inventions of searching and narration. The work shopping was overflowing with tension and attention on an extension course with a beautiful name. Math production workshops: a docent practice with the didactic-methodological approaches, where these teachers and graduate and undergraduate and graduate students and this and that ... inventing training with a big talk and an enormous math were making. All these people would be meeting at the Education Center for Science, Mathematics and Technology (NEC / UFJF). And they were being touched with mathematics and went weaving with their conceptions and their formations. They were inventing formations. From there comes a written with all this, called dissertation, a storytelling with these doings and sayings and experiences and this and that…then comes the Lenten season.

Problemas de sequenciamento são muito comuns, eles existem sempre que há uma escolha sobre a ordem em que várias tarefas podem ser realizadas. Seja o negócio uma companhia aérea, um hotel, um fabricante de computadores ou uma universidade, esses problemas fazem parte do cotidiano. A aplicação das técnicas de sequenciamento permite, por exemplo, a redução dos custos e o aumento na agilidade da cadeia de suprimentos, afetando as operações no inicio e no fim da cadeia de suprimentos pelo mundo inteiro. Este trabalho parte da intenção de abordar os princípios e as técnicas de Scheduling, com a finalidade de propor um modelo de sequenciamento para a solução de um problema em sistemas produtivos do tipo job shop com n tarefas e m máquinas, considerando os tempos de setup dependentes da sequência e tendo como horizonte de planejamento o curto prazo. O objetivo é o de minimizar a perda dos tempos não produtivos. Neste contexto, a pesquisa apresenta um enfoque tanto exploratório, quanto aplicado. Pode ser considerado exploratório, uma vez que a revisão da literatura é referência central para o desenvolvimento do modelo matemático. É aplicado considerando-se o desenvolvimento do modelo e avaliação de sua aplicabilidade. Sendo assim, a partir da definição do problema e desenvolvimento do modelo por meio do uso de técnicas matemáticas e abordagens da pesquisa operacional constatou-se que as conclusões tiradas podem inferir decisões para o problema real. Sendo que, as considerações aqui feitas têm por finalidade relatar os fatos constatados nos experimentos realizados, visando contribuir com futuras pesquisas na área. / Sequencing problems are very common, they happen every time there is a choice regarding the order in which several tasks can be performed. The business can be an airline, a hotel, a computer manufacturer or a university; these issues are part of their routine. The application of the sequencing techniques allows, for example, reducing the costs and fastening the supply chain all over the world. This work has an approach to Scheduling principles and techniques, with the objective of proposing a sequencing model for the solution of a problem in productive systems such as job shop with n tasks and m machines, considering setup times dependent on the sequence and adopting a short term planning. The goal is to minimize the waste of unproductive time. In this context, the research presents an approach both exploratory and applied. It can be considered exploratory, once that the literature review is a main reference to the development of a mathematical model. It is applied when we consider the development of the model and evaluation of its applicability. Thus, from the problem definition and the model development by the use of mathematical techniques and approaches of the operational research, we found that the conclusions drawn from the model might infer decisions for a real problem. The considerations shown here aim to report the facts given in the conducted experiments, intending to contribute to future researches in the area.

This report covers a case study performed at Linköping University. The project consists of the development of a web application of type e-commerce, named Delish, which is a service for trading lunch boxes among students. The report treats the compilation of a theoretical framework, the development and its results followed by a discussion. The web application serves as a foundation in order to examine how an application should be designed to ensure high navigability and simplicity while establishing user trust. Information is gathered in order to define a theoretical and methodical framework. The development is accompanied by an evaluation of the products fulfilment of earlier set goals, by conducting market surveys and usability testing. Navigability is achieved through the implementation of different navigational systems and the application is perceived as simple as a result of effective use of colours and typography. Through the implementation of a ranking system and communication of data integrity, the application is perceived as trustworthy. / Denna rapport omfattar en fallstudie som genomförs vid Linköpings universitet. Under projektet utvecklas en webbapplikation i form av en e-butik vid namn Delish vilken tillhandahåller en tjänst för köp och försäljning av lunchmatlådor mellan studenter. Rapporten behandlar utvecklingsarbetet, dess teoretiska grund samt associerat resultat och diskussion. Webbapplikation används som bas för att undersöka hur en applikation av denna typ bör utformas för att uppfylla krav på hög navigerbarhet och enkelhet samt skapa ett förtroende hos användaren. Implementering föranleds av upprättandet av en teoretisk och metodisk grund för att säkerställa att frågeställningen uppfylls. Arbetet kompletteras genom undersökningar av applikationens fullföljande av tidigare nämnda målbilder. Detta görs bland annat i form av en enkätundersökning och användartester. Hög navigerbarhet uppnås genom implementering av olika navigationssystem och webbapplikationen upplevs enkel på grund av ett effektivt användande av färger och typografi. Implementeringen av ett betygsättningssystem samt tydlig kommunicering av datahantering gör den förtroendeingivande.

I denna rapport så redogör vi för vårt arbete med att ta fram en prototyp till bokföretaget Publit. Vi fick i uppgift av Publit att undersöka möjligheterna för dem att med hjälp av sina egna API:er och API:erna från två andra företag i samma bransch, Valobox och Jellybooks, ta fram en ny produkt eller tjänst. Vi redogör för de olika faserna som vi har gått igenom och de beslut vi tagit angående grafisk design, interaktion och kodning. Resultatet av projektet blev en fungerande prototyp som visar hur Publit med hjälp av Valobox kan skapa en ny funktion till sin widgetshop som gör så att användarna kan provläsa böcker innan de köper dem. / In this report we describe our work with producing a prototype for Publit, which is a book-company. Our assignment from Publit was to explore the possibilities when working with their API and the APIs from two other companies in the same line of business, Valobox and Jellybooks, and by doing this develop a new product or service. We present the phases which we encountered and which decisions we have made regarding graphical design, interaction and coding. The final result of the project is a working prototype which shows how Publit, with the help of Valobox, can create a new function for their widget shop. The function allows the users to sample read a book before they decide whether they want to buy it or not.

The main objective of this thesis is to study how the structures of a sell dialog, via a web shop, should be designed in order to support and inspire the customer. To get the answer to this question I use a qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative method is applied in connection with different interviews. The quantitative method is used to analyze different answers given from those who are interviewed. I also use the deductive method due to my interest of studying how reality can relate to the theories with the choice of the subject. Moreover, this thesis is structured by three main perspectives; company, customers and techniques. The theoretical part of the thesis includes definitions and theories about electronic business, customers’ behaviour and technique, UML (Unified Modelling Language), which is a visual syntax for visualising, specifying, constructing and documenting system engineering, and UP (Unified Process), which is a method that complements UML. Furthermore, the empirical part of the thesis includes interviews with Chris Jangelöv and Patrik Cardell (Visma Spcs), who are representing the companys’ perspective on a sell dialog via a web shop. For the customers’ perspective on the subject, I collect and outline the interviews from Visma Spcs customers. Moreover, I review the interview with David Nadel, where he discusses the UML and UP techniques and also electronic business in general. As for the results, I come to the conclusion that a web shop should be structured from a customer´s perspective and his/her inquiries concerning the products and services. UML and UP, however, are techniques that focus on the structuring of data and processes without taking the developing dialogue with the customer into serious account. These techniques do not address issues of why a web shop is used as it is, UML and UP only apply what a web shop can look like and how it could be used. Therefore, I argue that there is a lack of connection between the UML and UP techniques and the real live user and actual use. I also reached the conclusion that there should be three main building blocks when structuring a sell dialog via a web shop. These are; structure, information and navigation.

This report covers the development of the web application Festing and the results and experiences which have been reached and learned during the process. The purpose of the study was to examine how the selling of patches could be both simplified and improved by using an advanced web application designed with focus on usability. Currently the patches are sold in a large but geographically and temporally limited market at Linköping University. The project was comprised of a case study and development of an application following the agile project framework Scrum. According to this the projects has been split up into four sprints after each of which a working product was delivered. This resulted in a usable web application with an intuitive design and multiple functions linked to the selling and buying of patches. Based on interviews, surveys and usability tests this web application is considered to have the long-term potential to take over the current physical market of textile patches. / Rapporten omfattar beskrivningen av utvecklingsprocessen för webbapplikationen Festing samt resultat och erfarenheter som uppnåtts och anskaffats under processens gång. Syftet med studien var att utveckla en avancerad webbapplikation av typ e-butik för att undersöka hur försäljningen av tygmärken kan förenklas och förbättras av en webbapplikation med fokus på användbarhet. Detta då försäljningen i dagsläget består av en stor men fysiskt och geografiskt begränsad marknad vid Linköpings universitet. Projektet har utformats som en fallstudie och utveckling av en webbapplikation enligt det agila arbetssättet Scrum. Arbetet har delats upp i fyra stycken olika sprintar där det i slutet av varje sprint ska ha levererats en fungerande delprodukt. Detta resulterade i en användbar webbapplikation med intuitiv design och flertalet funktioner kopplade till försäljning och köp av tygmärken. Utifrån intervjuer, enkätundersökningar och användbarhetstester anses denna webbapplikation ha potential till att på lång sikt kunna ta över den nuvarande fysiska försäljningen av tygmärken.

This study presents possibilities of an expansion of the enterprise to the United States. The study´s goals are to come up with the most convenient option of how to make this expansion feasible. Outcome of thesis is comprehensive business plan helping owners implement this project.

Abstract During the last decades significant changes in the buying behavior of customers can be observed. While in former days price sensitivity lead to more uniformed products, in present days manifold high-quality products and customization with reasonable prices and rapid delivery are demanded. As a consequence, the industry asks for manufacturing systems which allow for fast ramp-up, multi-variant production and rapid adaptability. In this environment, several scientific approaches such as agent-based and holonic manufacturing systems have been investigated within the last years. In order to cover all aspects of the foreseen future demands, the architectures for such systems are very complex and the system’s entities are characterized by very flexible behavior. Hence, the efforts for their implementation are rather high and the systems tend to exhibit non-deterministic behavior. Furthermore, the top down approach of most systems leads to a complete re-organization of the factory management. As a consequence the acceptance for such systems in real industrial environment at present day is very limited. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to develop an architecture for flexible manufacturing systems which allows for easy take-up in the industry. It is based on a bottom-up approach with a new kind of flexible, intelligent shop-floor components called Manufactrons. The architecture covers all layers of traditional factory organization with special emphasis on the shop floor organization. The approach and results are based on the research activities of the European Research Project XPRESS in which representatives of three major industry branches collaborated in order to find a solution for their future demands on flexible manufacturing systems. The architecture has been implemented in the context of XPRESS in aerospace, automotive and electrical industry. The tests show the feasibility of the approach. The capability for a smooth integration of the new approach into existing manufacturing environment has successfully been demonstrated. / Tiivistelmä Viime vuosikymmeninä asiakkaiden ostokäyttäytyminen on muuttunut merkittävästi. Ennen asiakkaiden hintatietoisuus johti yhtenäisiin tuotteisiin, kun taas nykyään vaaditaan moninaisempia tuotteita ja muokattavuutta kohtuulliseen hintaan. Samaan aikaan odotetaan korkealaatuisia tuotteita ja nopeaa toimitusta. Nämä seikat ovat aiheuttaneet tuotantoteollisuudelle uusia haasteita. Reagoidakseen nopeasti asiakkaiden vaatimuksiin tuotannonsuunnittelussa on alettu keskittymään korkealaatuisten tuotemuunnelmien määrän kasvattamiseen. Tämän vuoksi tarvitaan tuotantojärjestelmiä, jotka mahdollistavat nopean Ramp Up -prosessin, moneenmuuntuvan tuotannon ja nopean mukautuvuuden. Tätä aihetta on viime vuosina lähestytty esimerkiksi agentteihin perustuvien ja holonisten tuotantojärjestelmien kautta. Kuitenkin näihin tulevaisuuden haasteisiin pystytään vastaamaan vain kompleksisilla arkkitehtuureilla ja järjestelmän entiteeteille ominaisia ovat hyvin mukautuvat käyttäytymismallit. Näiden toteuttamiseen tarvitaan paljon työtä ja järjestelmillä on tapana käyttäytyä epä-deterministisesti. Lisäksi ylhäältä alas lähestymistapa johtaa usein tehtaan täydelliseen uudelleenorganisointiin, minkä vuoksi lähestymistapaa ei suosita oikeissa teollisuusympäristöissä. Tämän väitöstyön tarkoituksena on kehittää mukautuville tuotantojärjestelmille arkkitehtuuri, joka mahdollistaa järjestelmien helpon käyttöönoton teollisuudessa. Arkkitehtuuri perustuu alhaalta ylös -lähestymistapaan ja sisältää uudenlaisen joustavan ja älykkään tuotantotilakomponentin, manufactronin. Arkkitehtuuri kattaa kaikki perinteisen tehdasorganisaation kerrokset keskittyen kuitenkin erityisesti tuotantotilojen organisointiin. Lähestymistapa ja tulokset perustuvat Euroopan Unionin XPRESS-tutkimusprojektiin. Projektissa tehtiin yhteistyötä kolmen suuren teollisuushaaran kanssa tarkoituksena löytää joustava tuotantojärjestelmäratkaisu tulevaisuutta varten. Arkkitehtuuria sovellettiin XPRESS-projektissa lentokone-, auto- ja elektoniikkateollisuuteen ja testit osoittivat lähestymistavan soveltuvuuden. Myös lähestymistavan sujuva integrointi olemassa oleviin teollisuusjärjestelmiin osoitettiin onnistuneesti.