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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Vila Nova Jaguaré entre favela, comunidade e bairro / Vila Nova Jaguaré between favela, community and neighborhood

Miguel Bustamante Fernandes Nazareth 11 May 2017 (has links)
Este trabalho trata, de modo específico, da apropriação do espaço na Vila Nova Jaguaré e, de modo geral, da forma como os processos de urbanização de favelas interferem na apropriação do espaço nesses assentamentos. Seu objetivo central é, portanto, descrever a apropriação do espaço verificada nessa favela recém-urbanizada, confrontando as teorias do pesquisador com o saber popular dos moradores sobre seu próprio lugar. Trata-se de uma aproximação a uma favela urbanizada, explorando essa nova realidade a partir de narrativas que articulam melhorias, oportunidades, conflitos e atividades que fazem parte de seu cotidiano. Em primeiro lugar, explora-se o contexto da formação do bairro do Jaguaré e da consolidação da Vila Nova Jaguaré, uma história marcada por diferentes períodos, em que a relação com o poder público, a organização dos moradores e o aspecto físico-urbanístico da Vila variaram muito. Em seguida, apresenta-se a apropriação das áreas livres na Vila Nova Jaguaré a partir de pesquisa de campo realizada entre2014 e 2017. Inicialmente, descreve-se as transformações que saltavam aos olhos do pesquisador e, depois, aprofunda-se a visão dos moradores sobre o momento atual do assentamento. Finalmente, confrontando posicionamentos individuais de moradores que situavam o momento atual entre avanços e impasses, observou-seque a favela urbanizada Vila Nova Jaguaré apresenta três narrativas principais. Ou seja, como a Vila Nova Jaguaré reúne novas condições de desenvolvimento, formalidade e institucionalidade juntamente com seus traços históricos de precariedade, informalidade, criminalidade e laços de vizinhança, dependendo do ponto de vista, pode ser considerada favela, comunidade ou bairro. Conclui-se, portanto, que, ao longo de sua consolidação, as melhorias urbanas e outras ações de reconhecimento de direitos sociais implantadas por parte do poder público não foram capazes de garantir a cidadania plena. A dimensão a que os moradores se referem como favela persiste, pois ela faz parte de seu processo de desenvolvimento,como se a urbanização da favela se desse simultaneamente à favelização do urbano. / This paper presents, specifically, the appropriation of space in Vila Nova Jaguaré and, generally, how slum upgrading processes interfere with the appropriation of space in these settlements. It\'s main objective is to describe the appropriation of space that was verified in this recently upgraded slum, comparing researcher\'s theories with common knowledge that dwellers have about their own site. Therefore, this paper is a scientific approach to an upgraded slum, exploring this new reality based on narratives that explores ameliorations, opportunities, conflicts and activities which are part of everyday life. First, it explores the context of the formation of Jaguaré and the consolidation of Vila Nova Jaguaré, a history marked by different periods in which the relation with the government, dwellers organization and physical appearance of the settlement have changed considerably. Next, this paper presents appropriation of public space in Vila Nova Jaguaré based on field research conducted between 2014 and 2017. Initially, it describes the evident transformations to the researcher\'s eyes, and then it explores dwellers\' point of view about settlement\'s current moment. Finally, comparing dwellers\' individual stances that placed the current moment between advances and impasses, it was observed that the upgraded slum Vila Nova Jaguaré presents three main narratives. In other words, as Vila Nova Jaguaré brings together new conditions of development, formality and institutionally along with its historical traits of precariousness, informality, crime and neighborhood ties, depending on the point of view, it can be considered slum, community or neighborhood. In conclusion, during the consolidation of Vila Nova Jaguaré, the urban improvements and other actions that recognize social rights implemented by the government were not able to guarantee full citizenship. The characteristics that dwellers refers to as slum persist because it is part of their development process, as if slum\'s urbanization occurred simultaneously with the urban\'s precariousness.
112

Mídia, territorialidades e subjetivações: uma cartografia discursiva sobre as favelas

Villela, Cícero Costa 30 March 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-26T17:41:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cicerocostavillela.pdf: 27090485 bytes, checksum: 769699582fae0e0757710904dbca0ca9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-05-02T00:54:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cicerocostavillela.pdf: 27090485 bytes, checksum: 769699582fae0e0757710904dbca0ca9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T00:54:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cicerocostavillela.pdf: 27090485 bytes, checksum: 769699582fae0e0757710904dbca0ca9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho pretende fazer uma cartografia dos discursos sobre as favelas. Nesse sentido, a partir da perspectiva da Análise de Discurso Franco-Brasileira, pretende-se mostrar o processo de transformação dos discursos sobre as favelas em um período de 30 anos. O estudo pretende mostrar o papel do jornalismo na construção imaginária e simbólica do espaço urbano e problematizar os discursos feitos sobre as favelas. Dessa forma, ela relaciona mídia, território e produção de subjetividades. Estes elementos articulados em torno das questões discursivas de que sentidos e sujeitos se tão em um processo concomitante. Dessa forma, ao narrar o espaço urbano, a mídia também situa e contribui para a construção dos sujeitos passíveis de serem encontrados em determinados ambientes. / The research aims to make a map of the speeches on the slums. In this sense, from the perspective of Discourse Analysis Franco-Brazilian, is intended to show the process of transformation of speeches about the slums in a period of 30 years. The study aims to show the role of journalism in the imaginary and symbolic construction of urban space and discuss the speeches made on the slums. Thus, it relates media, territory and production of subjectivities. These articulated elements around ended questions that senses and subject to so in a concurrent process. Thus, in narrating the urban space, the media also located and contributes to the construction of subjects that can be found in certain environment
113

Favela e remoção em Juiz de Fora: um estudo sobre a Vila da Prata

Abreu, Christiane Silva de 09 September 2009 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-17T11:54:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 christianesilvadeabreu.pdf: 5244139 bytes, checksum: 1929b3e9048c610ee06e7af62bbf4808 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T16:21:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 christianesilvadeabreu.pdf: 5244139 bytes, checksum: 1929b3e9048c610ee06e7af62bbf4808 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T16:21:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 christianesilvadeabreu.pdf: 5244139 bytes, checksum: 1929b3e9048c610ee06e7af62bbf4808 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-09 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo deste trabalho é refletir sobre a longa trajetória de existência de favelas na cidade de Juiz de Fora. Diante disso, consideramos que as favelas são constituídas a partir das áreas clandestinamente ocupadas da cidade como lugares onde predomina a pobreza e a exclusão, cujos moradores sofrem o estigma da marginalidade, da invisibilidade. Através da análise da origem clandestina da Vila da Prata e da sua destruição pelo poder público, seguida da remoção dos seus moradores, buscamos recortar o processo de favelização, neste município, nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Assim, acreditamos ter observado, ainda que brevemente, aspectos importantes das motivações que conduzem à criação das favelas, bem como dos movimentos de resistência e de luta pela sobrevivência destes sujeitos sociais. / The objective of this work is to think over the long trajectory of the existence of slums in Juiz de Fora City. We consider that the slums are basically constituted by occupied sites of the city in clandestineness, where the poverty and social exclusion are predominant and their residents suffer from social marginality and invisibility stigmatization. Through the analysis of the clandestine origin of Vila da Prata (Silver Village) in Juiz de Fora, its destruction by the government, followed by the removal of its residents, we had the intention to trace the process how slums have gone through the 1960´s and the 1970´s. We believe that with this work we had described in briefly the facts that motivated the creation of slums as well as the resistances and struggles of these residents as social individuals.
114

Tecendo sentidos sobre uma escola pública na favela Real Parque : narrativas, experiências e resistências / Make senses on a public school in the Favela Real Parque : narratives, experiences and resistance

Silva, Karina Santos da, 1986- 23 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Áurea Maria Guimarães / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T03:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_KarinaSantosda_M.pdf: 3719734 bytes, checksum: 0e191acdfc9213407a04415527826e64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este estudo analisou como professores, alunos, ex-alunos e funcionários, moradores da favela do Real Parque localizada no bairro do Morumbi, elaboram em meio às desigualdades sociais e educacionais distintos modos de se relacionar e significar a escola pública EMEF José de Alcântara Machado Filho. Para apreender essas percepções sobre a escola foi utilizado o referencial teórico-metodológico da história oral desenvolvido por José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy. Foram entrevistados oito participantes e a partir de suas histórias de vida foram destacados os temas mais recorrentes em suas narrativas: a experiência de vida, a relação com a favela do Real Parque e os sentidos atribuídos à escola pública. A pesquisa identificou a coexistência de múltiplos sentidos que, também, são ambivalentes. Sendo assim, concluiu-se que os significados atribuídos à escola pública não são um dado a priori, mas vão sendo construídos na relação que as pessoas estabelecem com a instituição escolar e com as desigualdades que perpassam suas histórias de vida. Embora esse trabalho aborde questões de uma determinada realidade escolar, é possível ampliar essa problemática aos desafios concernentes às questões educacionais, em especial aos da escola pública, inserida nas periferias e favelas das grandes metrópoles brasileiras. / Abstract: This study analyzed how teachers, students, former students and employees, habitants of Real Parque slum, located at Morumbi neighborhood, elaborate through social and educational inequalities, distinct ways of relate and signify the public school EMEF José de Alcântara Machado Filho. In order to capture these perceptions about school, it was used the theoreticmethodological referential of oral history developed by José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy. Eight participants were interviewed and, from their life stories, the most recurrent themes in their narratives were stressed: the life experience, the relationship with Real Parque slum and the meanings attributed to the public school. The research identified the coexistence of multiple meanings, which are also ambivalent. In this perspective, it was concluded that the meanings attributed to the public school are not a single data a priori, but they are being constructed through the relationship people establish with the scholar institution and with the inequalities that undergo their life stories. Despite this work approaches questions of a particular scholar reality, it is possible to extend this problematic issue to the challenges concerning educational questions, specially public school ones, inserted in the outskirts and slums of the big Brazilian metropolises. / Mestrado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Mestre em Educação
115

Trajetórias afetivas e sexuais entre jovens de periferia, Belo Horizonte / Emotional and sexual trajectories among young people between suburbs, Belo Horizonte

Lobato, Ana Laura, 1982- 19 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Filomena Gregori / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T11:30:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lobato_AnaLaura_M.pdf: 3863304 bytes, checksum: c9054555ab37e5e02840c0e6ce2ce1ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, buscou-se identificar o modo como diferentes dimensões da vida social se articulam na constituição de variadas experiências afetivas e sexuais de jovens residentes em uma favela em Belo Horizonte, o Taquaril. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que as representações de gênero e o aprendizado sobre a sexualidade se intersectam de maneira significativa no estabelecimento das relações afetivas e sexuais pelos jovens, e também que diferenciadas experiências relativas às dimensões de classe social, cor/raça, idade, orientação sexual e, sobretudo, de educação possibilitam formas muito particulares de constituição dessas trajetórias. Considero, portanto, como unidade analítica as "trajetórias" afetivas e sexuais dos jovens entrevistados a fim de apreender os eventos que marcaram suas experiências afetivas e sexuais bem como o sentido empregado à cada uma delas. A metodologia escolhida, a etnografia, permitiu não apenas apreender sobre suas subjetividades, manifestações de desejos e ansiedades frente ao desafio e prazer de suas relações afetivas e sexuais, mas também conhecer sobre os espaços frequentados por eles e suas redes de relações, nos quais se tornam propícias suas investidas, suas paqueras, ficadas e namoros / Abstract: In this work we sought to identify the way how different dimensions of social life intertwine in the constitution of a variety of sexual and affective experiences of young people living in a slam know as "Taquaril" in the city of Belo Horizonte. We depart from a presupposition that gender representations and the learning process about sexuality intersect in meaning ways to establish sexual and affective relationships among young people. We also acknowledge that different experiences produced by social class, race/ethnicity, age, sexual orientation and especially by education levels enable very particular forms of establishing those trajectories. We use here as a analytical unit, the sexual and affective trajectories of young people interviewed aiming to learn the events that marked their sexual and affective experiences as well as the meaning they give to each of those experiences. The methodology chosen, a ethnography, allowed not only to learn about their subjectivity, manifestations of desires and anxieties regarding the challenge and pleasure presented by their sexual and affective relationships but also to know about the places frequented by them and about their social networks, settings that propitiates their meetings, flirting, conquests, dates and hook ups / Mestrado / Antropologia Social / Mestre em Antropologia Social
116

"Urbanização sim, remoção não". A atuação da Federação de Associações de Favelas do Estado da Guanabara nas décadas de 1960-1970.

Mello, Juliana Oakim Bandeira de January 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-05-16T20:24:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mello, Juliana-Dissert-2014.pdf: 6892324 bytes, checksum: 2d27f11eeadb83bfb286e1f6be92c6c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-16T20:24:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mello, Juliana-Dissert-2014.pdf: 6892324 bytes, checksum: 2d27f11eeadb83bfb286e1f6be92c6c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Em 1962, o Rio de Janeiro (então Estado da Guanabara) foi palco de uma mudança radical na política urbana para as favelas. De uma prática clientelista das décadas anteriores que tolerava sua presença sem a integrar efetivamente na cidade, iniciou-se um período no qual o eixo central da intervenção estatal nas favelas passou a ser a erradicação e o deslocamento (forçado) de seus moradores para conjuntos habitacionais localizados em subúrbios distantes. Os moradores das favelas guanabarinas não assistiram passivos a preparação do cenário para o espetáculo remocionista. Ao contrário. Diante da necessidade de se organizar politicamente para resistir à anunciada política, em 12 de junho de 1963, fundam uma sociedade civil, a Federação das Associações de Favelas do Estado da Guanabara (FAFEG). Constituída por moradores de favelas, a FAFEG atuou ativamente em defesa da urbanização. Esta dissertação aborda a trajetória desta Federação desde sua fundação até o final da década de 1970, quando se encerra o programa de remoções de favelas. / In 1962, Rio de Janeiro (State of Guanabara then) was the stage of a radical urban policy change focused on the slums. During the previous decades, a patronage system was implemented, tolerating the slums ‘existence without effectively integrating them with the rest of the city. However, in the 1960’s a period of state intervention to eradicate the slums and evict its inhabitants – forcing them to move to distant suburbs – started. The inhabitants of the Guanabara’s slums did not watch passively though. Facing the need to politically organize their resistance against the State’s announced policy, on June 12th, 1963, they founded the civil society Federação das Associações de Favelas da Guanabara, FAFEG (Federation of the Associations of the Guanabara Slums). Formed by slums’ dwellers, FAFEG actively acted in defense of urbanization. This thesis discusses the history of this Federation from its founding in 1963 until late 1970’s when the slums eradication program ended.
117

Les ingouvernables : la faillite du gouvernement des roms en bidonvilles : Lyon, 2005-2012 / The ungovernables : the governmentality’s failure of romanian roma’s slums in Lyon between 2005 and 2012

Ott, Thomas 29 January 2015 (has links)
Ce travail s'intéresse aux politiques locales de gestion des bidonvilles à Lyon entre 2005 et 2012. J'ai tenté d'interroger ce qui mène à penser la situation des bidonvilles et des squats de roms comme une situation en même temps spécifique et ingérable. Cette spécificité amène sans cesse à questionner les roms plutôt que les modes de gestion de cette situation, ce qui fait des occupants des bidonvilles des « ingouvernables ». Le problème n'est bien entendu pas celui des roms mais un problème qui concerne le fonctionnement du collectif et notre rapport à ces situations. Parlant « d'occupation » lorsqu'un squat ou un bidonville s'installe entre les mailles du filet urbain, j'ai interrogé ce qui nous occupe tant lorsque des roms occupent une parcelle de vie urbaine. J'ai voulu montrer la répétition et l'insistance avec laquelle on est rivé sur cette présence étrange et étrangère. J'ai essayé de montrer à quel point il est nécessaire aux acteurs et observateurs des situations d'occupation de cerner, discerner et déterminer ce qui se passe et dépasse les attentes de conformation qui définissent la gouvernementalité contemporaine. C'est ce que j'ai tenté de documenter en tant que moments de « la faillite du gouvernement des roms en bidonvilles ».L'objet de ce travail est ce qu'il y a « d'ingouvernable » dans une situation. Ce qui « résiste » au gouvernement dans les situations des bidonvilles et des squats n'est pas une population en particulier, mais l'impossibilité d'en considérer une avec assurance et efficacité. Le problème n'est pas de savoir comment les roms « font » pour ne pas être identifiables à ce point, mais ce qui fait qu'il est nécessaire au gouvernement d'une situation de déterminer ce sur quoi il s'agit d'agir. En d'autres termes, il s'agit d'interroger le rapport qu'entretient l'exercice de la gouvernementalité avec les processus de subjectivation mais aussi les processus d'objectivation. De quelle manière l'exercice du pouvoir détermine un sujet agissant et en quoi les nécessaires sujets et objets transparents et adéquats à la reconnaissance, lorsqu'ils disparaissent de ce champ de « visibilité » pour atteindre le « hors-champ » des « indiscernables », remettent-ils en question l'exercice du gouvernement?L'une des notions centrales qui intervient dans ce travail est celle de résistance: d'abord, ce qui résiste est la possibilité d'objectiver ces situations, qui apparaît dans la perception de l'espace du bidonville, l'état des corps ou encore les recensements des occupants et les cartographies de l'habitat précaire, en tous les cas la possibilité de généraliser et de saisir globalement ce qui se passe; ensuite, ce qui résiste se situe dans l'action même de gestion des « situations de crise » et des bidonvilles, c'est la « crise » même qui est autant celle de l'institution qui ne peut qu'imparfaitement gérer les choses et la crise de son ambition à disposer des corps et du temps de ceux qui déborde du cadre institué; enfin, ce qui résiste s'adosse plus que s'oppose aux dispositifs par des manières de faire qui récupèrent ou conservent une marge de manœuvre tout en se situant en marge des subjectivités domestiques où s'investit avec plus ou moins de succès la gouvernementalité contemporaine. / This work deals with slums management local policies in Lyon between 2005 and 2012. I tried to interrogate what is leading to think roma’s slums situation as a specific and unmanageable situation. This specificity lead constantly to question roma people rather than the management’s policies of the situation. It produce roma people as not governed people or, as i said, « the ungovernables ». The problem is not obvioulsy roma’s problem, but a problem concerning the operation of social life and our own relation with these situations. Speaking about « occupation » when a settlement is occuring in the city’s cracks, I asked what is « occupying » us so much when roma occupy a plot of our city. I wanted to show with wich repetition and insistance we are binding on this strange and foreign presence. I tried to show how much it is necessary for the observers and actors of the situation to indentify, to distinguish and to establish what is going on and what is going over the expectations of conformation, wich are defining the contemporary governmentality. That is what i tried to document it as moments of « governmentality’s failure of roma’s slums».The purpose of this work is what it is « ungovernable » in any kind of situation. What resists to the governement of squats and slums situations is not a population in particular, but the impossibility to consider one with assertivness and effectivness. The problem is not to know how roma people are doing to be unidentified at this point but what is leading to be necessary for the governement of the situation to establish what it is needed to intervene on. In other words, the question is the relation between the practice of governement and the production’s process of subjectivity, as well as objectivity : in wich way the practice of power produce an acting subject and how necessarily transparent and appropriate-to-recognition subjects and objects, when they disappear of the field of « visibility » to get « off the limelight » the field of the « indinstinguishables », are calling the practice of governement in question ?One of the central notions in this work is the notion of resistance : first of all, what resists is the possibility of objectivize these situations, wich is appearing in the tricky perception of the space or the body’s conditions in slums, or the difficulty of population census and precarious housing mapping in the whole city, in all cases the possibility to generalize and to understand globaly what happens ; then, what resists is situated in the management of a « crisis situation » as a slum, it is the « crisis » itself wich is instituion’s one who is imperfectly able to govern things, and in the same time the crisis of its ambition to state and order body’s and time’s of whom overflows the established framework ; finally, what resists lean on apparatus more than is opposed to, with some ways of operating recovering or keeping a « room for maneuver », situated in the edge of the domestic subjectivity where the contemporary governmentality try, with more or less succes, to invest.
118

Hustling NGOs: coming of age in Kibera slum, Nairobi, Kenya

Farrell, Lynsey 09 November 2015 (has links)
This is a dissertation about Kibera, a large informal settlement on the margins of Nairobi, Kenya. Based on seven years of ethnographic fieldwork and related participant observation, this thesis explores the interactions between young people, grassroots groups, and national and international NGOs in Kibera and how these influence youth journeys to adulthood. International development practitioners working in Kibera have focused their efforts on young people, especially given Kenyan census figures documenting that 78% of Kenya's population is below the age of 35. This demographic trend poses both challenges and opportunities, but Kenya's gerontocratic leadership has, for the most part, failed to find solutions to improve opportunities for young people. Population increases have resulted in increases in crime, income inequality, and un- and underemployment. These changes are exacerbated by protracted liminality, a long period of ambiguous status, experienced by young men and sanctioned by custom as a way to moderate inter-generational tensions. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) fill in the gaps and compensate for the failure of public policy by providing basic social services to improve the systemic political, economic and social issues affecting Kibera’s youth. This study follows a group of young men who have discovered that they can alleviate their liminality by practicing resourcefulness in Nairobi’s vast informal economy, an action colloquially referred to as "hustling." Specifically, these youth hustle the "shadow aid economy" that has emerged as a byproduct of Kibera's saturated NGO environment. The outcome of this is not an upending of the traditions of age and seniority in Kenya—these young men will continue to experience liminality in certain contexts and situations. The ultimate result is that youth create networks of reciprocity and build internal hierarchies in the settlement as they hustle, which leads the most successful NGO hustlers to create alternate means of advancement and shift the criteria of respectability to accelerate their progress towards adulthood.
119

Gouverner les illégalismes urbains : les politiques publiques face aux squats et aux bidonvilles dans les régions de Paris et de Madrid / Governing urban illegalisms : publics policies towards squats and slums in the regions of Paris and Madrid

Aguilera, Thomas 22 June 2015 (has links)
En questionnant la capacité des acteurs publics à gouverner les squats et les bidonvilles qui persistent dans les régions de Paris et de Madrid, la thèse explique les mécanismes du gouvernement différentiel des illégalismes de logement des années 1960 à nos jours. Elle montre que les squats et les bidonvilles sont gouvernés, mais de façon discontinue et par des politiques aux formes diverses. Elle démontre que l’ingouvernabilité est construite par les acteurs publics pour justifier alternativement l’inaction et la mise en place de politiques de l’exception. L’ingouvernabilité constitue un répertoire discursif justifiant le retrait de l’action publique. C’est aussi un mode de gouvernance qui entretient les politiques de l’urgence, policières et humanitaires, et autorise les bricolages partiels et ponctuels. Mais lorsque les acteurs publics y trouvent des intérêts pour se positionner comme leaders de la gouvernance métropolitaine multiniveaux, des politiques publiques autonomes peuvent s’institutionnaliser autour d’administrations, d’instruments et de budgets propres. Dans tous les cas, les politiques sélectionnent et contraignent des bénéficiaires, tout en refoulant des victimes. Les politiques produisent autant d’illégalité qu’elles n’en résorbent. Derrière ces invariants, notamment issus des effets propres des instruments, la thèse identifie quatre variables clés pour expliquer la diversité des outcomes de l’instrumentation des politiques : les niveaux d’institutionnalisation, les logiques sectorielles, les échelles d’action et le comportement des cibles qui contribuent à la conception des instruments, en neutralisent les contraintes et en détournent les ressources. / Addressing the issue of ungovernability of squats and illegal settlements in the Capital Regions of Paris and Madrid, the thesis explains the mechanisms of differential government of housing illegalisms since the sixties. The thesis shows that squats and illegal slums are governed, but in a discontinuous way and by diverse forms of policies. It demonstrates that ungovernability is built by public actors in order to justify alternatively inaction and policies of exception. Ungovernability is a discursive repertory that justifies the disengagement of policies. But it is also a mode of governance that supports emergency policies, implemented by police agencies and NGOs, and that allows policy makers to set up only local and temporary rehousing and social programs. However, as policy makers are rent-seekers, when they find interests to become leaders of the competitive multilevel urban governance, they activate agendas and implement institutionalized and autonomous policies. They create specific administrations, instruments and budgets. Policies select and constraint beneficiaries and evict victims. Thus, policies produce as much illegality as they resolve it. Beside these invariants produced by the sui generis own effects of policy instruments, the thesis identifies four key variables whose combinations explain the policy outcomes diversity: the level of institutionalization, the sectorial logics, the scale of actions, and the behavior of targeted groups who participate to the instruments conception. Squatters and slum dwellers resist, they neutralize constraints and divert resources.
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The dwelling as a workspace: Urban planning and home-based entrepreneurs in Kampala city slums

Waiswa, Jeremy January 2020 (has links)
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The ubiquitous urban informality that characterises the cityscape of most sub-Saharan cities, has been impacted by states’ rationalised urban planning interventions to make urban spaces, and the activities of citizens more legible and governable. This study aimed at understanding the effects of urban planning and the regulatory environment on the business operations of the home-based entrepreneurial households and the strategies employed by these households to ensure their livelihood survival. The study used Katanga slum in Kampala, Uganda as a case study. The study approaches urban planning as a dialectical process, and therefore critically discusses the production and use of space (through urban planning) at different spatial scales of the city, slum and household, while highlighting the challenges experienced by the households and how they cope with these challenges. To facilitate the understanding of these issues, the study employed an integrated theoretical framework that comprised of Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space, Scott’s concept of state legibility, Jalan & Ravallion’s concept of urban spatial poverty traps, and Clark’s border theory.

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