Objetivo. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a autopercepção das condições bucais em idosos. Material e Métodos. Participaram do estudo 337 pessoas, com 60 anos e mais de idade, funcionalmente independentes, que freqüentavam um centro de saúde em Araraquara, SP. Foi aplicado formulário com questões sobre as características sócio-demográficas da amostra, autopercepção da condição bucal e o índice GOHAI. Realizou-se exame clínico para determinar a prevalência das principais doenças bucais. Os testes estatísticos realizados tiveram como objetivo determinar a associação entre as variáveis sócio-demográficas, clínicas e o índice GOHAI com a autopercepção e também identificar os preditores da auto-avaliação. Resultados. O exame clínico revelou que 40,4% das pessoas eram desdentadas, e entre os dentados a cárie e a doença periodontal tiveram grande prevalência. Entre os dentados, 42,7% avaliaram sua condição bucal como regular, enquanto 55,8% dos desdentados afirmaram que era boa. As variáveis associadas à auto-avaliação foram: a classe social, o GOHAI, os dentes cariados e com extração indicada entre os dentados, e a escolaridade e o GOHAI entre os desdentados. A análise multivariada mostrou que os preditores da auto-avaliação foram o GOHAI (em dentados e desdentados), os dentes com extração indicada e o CPITN em dentados. Estes preditores explicaram no máximo 30% da variabilidade da auto-avaliação. Conclusões. Entre outros aspectos concluiu-se que a percepção teve pouca influência das condições clínicas e por isso seria importante o desenvolvimento de ações educativas e preventivas junto a esta população. / Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the self-perception of oral health status of the elderly. Methods. Results are based on interviews and clinical assessment of 337 subjects aged 60 years and over, functionally independents and who used to go to a Health Care in Araraquara, Brazil. A questionnaire with questions about the social characteristics of the sample, self-perception of oral health status and the GOHAI index was applied. A clinical examination was made to determine the prevalence of the main oral diseases. The objective of statistical tests was to determine the association among the social and clinic variables and the GOHAI index with the self-perception. Moreover the tests had to identify the self-assess predictors. Results. The clinical examination revealed that 40.4% of the people were edentulous and among the dentate the dental caries and the periodontal disease had a significant prevalence. 42.7% of the dentate assessed their oral health status as regular and 55.8% of the edentulous assessed theirs as good. The social class, the GOHAI index and the decayed and missing teeth among the dentate, and also the level of education and the GOHAI among the edentulous, were associated to the self-assess. The multivariate analysis showed that the predictors of the self-assess were the GOHAI index (among dentate and edentulous), the missing teeth and the CPITN among dentate. These predictors explained 30% of the self-assess variability. Conclusions. As the perception had a small influence on the clinical conditions, the development of educated and preventive actions for these people are recommended.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser. Även tryckt utgåva.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-02T11:34:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMLA.pdf: 1498492 bytes, checksum: a86fb09f8bdcd3334a09629eea1dc03d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-03T11:45:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMLA.pdf: 1498492 bytes, checksum: a86fb09f8bdcd3334a09629eea1dc03d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-04T13:18:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMLA.pdf: 1498492 bytes, checksum: a86fb09f8bdcd3334a09629eea1dc03d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T13:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMLA.pdf: 1498492 bytes, checksum: a86fb09f8bdcd3334a09629eea1dc03d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / There is a wide divergence of results in the literature on the clinical relevance and the etiology of memory complaints (MC). Currently QM is being studied as pre-clinical symptom of Alzheimer's disease before a possible CCL setting. Our hypothesis is that MC may be associated with lower performance on cognitive tests or a low self-rated health. Objective. To investigate the relationship among MC in elderly patients with objective cognitive impairment and self-rated health. Method. This was a cross-sectional, correlational and quantitative study. The instruments used were the Memory Complaint Scale (MCS) - forms A and B, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination – Revised (CEA-R), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Medical Outcomes Study 8-item Short-Form Heath Survey, Geriatric Depression Scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results. Participated in this study 83 subjects, divided between the two forms of MCS evaluation scale. Sociodemographic groups were very similar, with no significant differences with MC. According to MCS-A, there was a significant association only with the CDT. MCS-B was associated with ACE-R and its domains memory, fluency and visual spatial orientation?. A ROC curve was drawn from the results of MCS-B in relation to the ACE-R and MMSE, demonstrating the high specificity of the instrument. Conclusion. In this study it was not found robust results with MC reported by the elderly and changes in cognitive screening tests. However, when the informant reported the complaint, the analysis with cognitive performance levels were more consolidated. This results highligh the need to include and empower perception of someone who knows enough the elderly to assess the MC globally. / Introdução. Existe uma grande divergência de resultados na literatura quanto à relevância clínica e à etiologia da queixa de memória (QM). Atualmente a QM vem sendo estudada como sintoma pré-clínico da doença de Alzheimer, antes de se instalar um possível quadro de CCL. A hipótese deste estudo é que a QM pode estar associada a um desempenho inferior nos testes cognitivos ou a uma baixa autopercepção de saúde. Objetivo. Investigar a relação da QM em idosos com alterações cognitivas objetivas e autopercepção da saúde. Método. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, correlacional e de caráter quantitativo. Os instrumentos aplicados foram a Escala de Queixa de Memória – formas A e B, Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke – Revisado, Mini-Exame do Estado Mental, Teste do Desenho do Relógio, Medical Outcomes Study 8-item Short-Form Heath Survey, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e um questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados. Participaram da pesquisa 83 sujeitos, divididos entre as formas de avaliação da EQM para as análises. Com relação às variáveis sociodemográficas os grupos foram muito semelhantes, não havendo diferenças significativas com a QM. De acordo com a EQM-A, houve associação significativa apenas com o TDR. A EQM-B apresentou associação com a ACE-R total e os domínios memória, fluência e visual espacial. Foi elaborada uma curva ROC a partir dos resultados da EQM-B em relação à ACE-R e ao MEEM, demonstrando alta especificidade do instrumento. Conclusão. Neste estudo não foram encontrados resultados tão robustos com a QM relatada pelo idoso e alterações nos testes de rastreio cognitivo. Contudo, quando o informante relatou a queixa, as análises com os níveis de desempenho cognitivo mostraram-se mais consolidadas, evidenciando a necessidade da inclusão e valorização da percepção de alguém que conheça suficientemente o idoso para avaliar a QM de forma global.

Alzheimer's Disease is a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative illness and the most common of the dementing disorders. Only few diseases disrupt patients and their relatives so completely or for so long a period of time as Alzheimer 's. Caring is held to be very demanding and emotionally involving. Caregiver burden has been defined as a multidimensional response to emotional, social, physical, psychological, and financial stressors associated with the caregiving experience. The objective of the 1st study was to assess the degree of burden and its possible change in family caregivers of the long-term sick family member with progressive Alzheimer's disease during eight-month monitoring. In addition to the common psychiatric examination the Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered in patients to indicate the severity of the dementia and the Zarit Burden Interview was administered in caregivers to assessed degree of burden. The total of 60 people have been examined - 30 patients with AD and 30 their caregivers (24 females, 6 males) were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague. At the beginning of the study there were 18 patients with mild stage of AD (60%), 11 patients suffered...

Today, the whole society is permeated by digitization and schools are no exception. As today's society demands digital competence, it is important that teachers provide students with such knowledge from an early stage so that they can be participating citizens in the future. You can also see that there is a certain potential in using digital tools in mathematics teaching to promote learning. Despite that, teachers' use of digital tools in mathematics education varies.For that reason, the study aims to highlight how teachers' self-perceived competence and attitude towards digital tools affect the use of digital tools in mathematics teaching in grades f–3. The study used semi-structured interviews where the sample consisted of ten teachers that work in primary school f-3. The interview questions were based on the study's theoretical framework TPACK, which is linked to the teacher's self-perceived digital competence, and the three-component model, which is linked to attitude.The results of the study showed that it is the teacher’s attitude towards digital tools that affects the use of digital tools in mathematics teaching in grades f-3 the most. The results indicate that the teachers' self-perceived digital competence influences the use of digital tools to some extent, but we see that attitude is what influences to a greater degree. / Hela samhället genomsyras idag av digitaliseringen och skolan är inget undantag. Då dagens samhälle efterfrågar en digital kompetens är det viktigt att lärare förser eleverna med sådan kunskap redan från ett tidigt stadie för att de i framtiden ska kunna vara deltagande medborgare. Man kan även se att det finns en viss potential med att använda digitala verktyg i matematikundervisningen för att främja lärandet. Trots det varierar lärares användning av digitala verktyg i matematikundervisningen. Av den anledningen syftar studien till att belysa hur lärares självupplevda kompetens och inställning till digitala verktyg påverkar användandet av digitala verktyg inom matematikundervisningen i årskurserna f–3.  Studien använde sig av semistrukturerade intervjuer där urvalet bestod av tio verksamma lärare inom grundskolans f-3. Intervjufrågorna utgick från studiens teoretiska ramverk TPACK som är kopplad till lärarens självupplevda digitala kompetens och trekomponentsmodellen som är kopplad till inställning. Resultatet av studien visade att det är inställningen till digitala verktyg hos lärarna som påverkar användandet av digitala verktyg i matematikundervisningen i årskurs f-3 mest. Resultatet tyder på att lärarnas självupplevda digitala kompetens påverkar användandet av digitala verktyg till viss del men vi ser att inställning är det som påverkar i högre grad.

Bakgrund: Demenssjukdom skiljer sig från naturligt åldrande och är ständigt föränderligt i sin manifestation. För varje demenssjuk individ finns det ofta åtminstone en närstående som lever en förändrad och även ibland försvårad vardag i det tysta. Närstående löper en ökad risk att drabbas av psykisk ohälsa då flera blir informella vårdgivare till den demenssjuke individen, vilket ökar den närståendes psykiska, fysiska och ekonomiska belastning. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa självupplevd hälsa bland närstående som är informella vårdgivare till individer med demenssjukdom. Metod: Denna icke-systematiska litteraturöversikt inkluderade 19 vetenskapliga originalartiklar av kvalitativ och kvantitativ design. Datainsamlingen av artiklar skedde i februari år 2021 från databaserna PubMed och CINAHL med hjälp av olika kombinationer av söktermer samt manuell sökning, vilket genererade flera artiklar. Utifrån Sophiahemmet högskolas bedömningsinstrument kvalitetsgranskades artiklarna och artiklar med låg kvalitet exkluderades. Därefter utfördes en integrerad dataanalys där resultatartiklarnas innehåll kategoriseras i två teman med tillhörande underteman. Resultat: Litteraturöversikten resulterade i att två teman och sex underteman identifierades. De två teman som urskildes var psykiska och sociala faktorer som belyste självupplevd hälsa bland närstående. Underteman som framkom var närståendes depression, stress, sorg, isolering, kommunikationsproblematik samt processen att gå från att vara närstående till att bli informell vårdgivare. Slutsats: Resultatet visade att självupplevd hälsa för närstående till individer med demenssjukdom påverkas av olika faktorer. Den självupplevda hälsan förändrades när närstående känner psykologisk och social belastning. I resultatet framkom att närstående upplevde att det var en omvälvande process att gå från att vara partner till att bli informell vårdgivare. / Background: Dementia differs from natural aging and is constantly changing in its manifestation. For every individual with dementia, there is often at least one close relative who lives an alternated and even sometimes strenuous everyday life in silence. Relatives of individuals with dementia run an increased risk of suffering from mental illness as many become informal caregivers for them, which increases the relative's mental, physical and financial burden. Aim: The aim was to portray self-perceived health among related parties to individuals with dementia. Method: A non-systematic literature review compiled with 19 original scientific articles of qualitative and quantitative design. The data collection of articles took place in February 2021 and was obtained from the databases PubMed and CINAHL using various combinations of search terms as well as manual search, which generated several articles. Based on Sophiahemmet University's assessment instruments, the articles were quality-reviewed, and then an integrated data analysis was executed, lastly the result articles were organized in two themes with associated sub-themes. Results: The literature review resulted in the identification of two themes and six sub-themes. The two distinguished themes were psychological and social factors, which described self-perceived health among related parties. Sub-themes that emerged were relatives' depression, stress, grief, isolation, communication problems and the process of going from being a partner to becoming an informal caregiver.  Conclusions: The results illustrated self-perceived health of relatives of individuals with dementia to be affected by various factors. Self-perceived health shifts when a close relative feels a psychological and social strain. The results demonstrate that close relatives felt that it was a transformative process to go from being a partner to becoming an informal caregiver.

Master of Arts / Department of Communication Studies, Theatre, and Dance / Leann M. Brazeal / In this thesis study, the use of group work as an instructional strategy was assessed to determine the effect it has on students’ willingness to communicate, communication apprehension, and self-perceived competence. Students enrolled in a basic public speaking at a major Midwestern university completed Neer’s (1987) Classroom Apprehension about Participation Scale (CAPS) at the beginning of the semester and again four weeks later after being exposed to a treatment of group or no group. Results indicated students’ willingness to communicate and self-perceived competence increased over the four-week duration of the study regardless of treatment. However, a significant reduction of communication apprehension was seen in students using group work in their classrooms. Limitations and implications are discussed.

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka elevers upplevda stress och deras tillvägagångssätt för att hantera denna stress med hjälp av copingstrategier, vilket sedan sätts i relation till biologiskt kön. Arbetet utgår ifrån ett elektroniskt frågeformulär som inkluderar både kvantitativa och kvalitativa aspekter. Resultaten av denna studie visar sig i några fall avvika från den tidigare forskningen, vilket leder till intressanta analyser och diskussioner. Ett av dessa resultat är pojkarnas användande av emotionsfokuserade copingmetoder, som annars är färre än flickornas. Ett annat intressant och avvikande resultat är stressnivåerna inom gruppen flickor, då det visar sig att de som går ett yrkesförberedande program procentuellt är mer stressade än högskoleförberedande programmets flickor. / The purpose of this study is to examine students experienced stress and their ways of coping with that stress using coping strategies, which is later also put in relation to biological sex. The study is using a mixed method in the form of an electronic questionnaire. The results of this study turned out to deviate from previous research, which leads to interesting analyzes and discussions. One of these results is the boys’ usage of emotion-focused coping methods, which otherwise is fewer than the girls. Another interesting and deviating result is the stress levels within the girls’ group, since it turns out that girls who attend a profession-based program are more stressed, percentage wise, than the girls who attend a college-based program.

<p>This study has emerged from a growing interest in students' sleeping habits. During practical training as teachers, we have noticed a discussion of students' sleeping habits, fatigue and student performance at school in relation to their sleeping habits. The purpose of this field survey was to examine students’ sleeping habits and self-perceived performance ability in school in relation to sleeping habits. The material was collected from a questionnaire that was answered by 200 students in 4-6^th grade and 188 students in 1-2th grade in the upper secondary school, this to give an opportunity to see if there were any differences between the different age groups. Differences in gender have also been looked into. The results of the study show that many students, regardless of age or gender, that are sleeping less than 8 hours on school-nights also are tired in school and not able to fully concentrate during the day. The results show some correlation between sleeping habits and how the students feel they are able to perform in school. The results also show that older students sleep less than the younger ones, but a bigger part of the younger students than the older seem to have problems concentrating in school. The results also show a tendency towards differences in sleeping habits between genders, regardless of age, where boys sleep less than girls, but girls have a harder time concentrating in school.</p>

This investigation was undertaken to examine effects of motor skill intervention in children with motor difficulties consistent with developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD) diagnosed in child health care before school entrance, to analyse the parents' descriptions of their children, and to follow up the children's motor status in a short-term perspective. Thirteen studies on the effects of motor skill intervention were submitted to a meta-analysis (Study I). Thirty-seven children who at age 5 to 6 years were diagnosed as having motor difficulties consistent with DCD were enrolled in an experimental investigation of effects of group motor skill intervention on motor skills (Study II) and on self-perceived competence (Study III). The parents' descriptions of their children were obtained at an interview (Study IV). The children's motor status was re-examined when they were 7 to 8 years old (Study V). Motor skill intervention, using the Specific Skills approach, in a group setting or in a home programme, 3 to 5 times per week, was found beneficial for children with DCD who were older than 5 years of age. The non-specific group motor skill intervention influenced the number of children with borderline motor difficulties who changed to having no motor difficulties, and seemed to enhance awareness of motor competence. Parents whose children had definite motor difficulties were more inclined to support their children in physical activity, and reported worry and uncertainty. The children had not changed their motor status at the age of 7 to 8 years. The children with definite motor difficulties, in particular, continued to have these difficulties. Children who when 5 to 6 years old have motor difficulties and who score at the 5th percentile or below at the Movement ABC motor test, seem to need active support in joyful motor learning situations to reduce unwillingness and displeasure.