Denna studie söker finna svar på vem, i fråga om vilka könsgrupper, som givits plats på tidningen QX omslag, i första hand gällande textelementet, i andra hand gällande det visuella. Studien skapas i spåren av genusforskaren Yvonne Hirdmans teorier om att den mansdominerande roll som generellt finns i samhället och ger kvinnor en lägre social status inte är någonting som ligger oss i naturen utan skapas och återskapas, samt Embretsén och Palmbergs studie ”En enfärgad regnbåge” som presenterar en underrepresentation av kvinnor i tidningen QX. Materialet består av 36 omslag av tidningen QX hämtade under tre år mellan 2015 och 2017. Detta görs med grunden i den systemisk-funktionell grammatiken, diskursanalys samt en multimodal analys för att få del av både det ideationella betydelserna i texterna samt hur budskap presenteras visuellt. Resultatet visar på en jämn frekvens av könsfördelningen men en ojämlik konstruktion där QX vänder på stereotyper av kvinnligt och manligt, vilket grundar sig i en styrande manlig blick. / This study seeks to find answers to whom, in terms of which gender group, is given space on the QX magazine cover. Primarily with focus on text elements, secondarily the visual aspects. The study is created in the traces of gender researcher Yvonne Hirdman's theories concerning the male dominance that is generally found in society, and which gives women a lower social status. Hirdman points out that this inequality is being created and recreated, as well as Embretsén and Palmberg's study "A Monochrome Rainbow" presents an underrepresentation of women in QX magazine. The research material consists of 36 covers from the QX magazine, published between 2015 and 2017. The study is based on systemic-functional linguistics, discourse analysis and a multimodal analysis to cover both the ideational meanings of the texts as well as how messages are presented visually. The result shows an even frequency of gender distribution, but an uneven design in which QX turns on stereotypes of female and male, which is based on a ruling male point of view.

Abstract: The interest in this empirical study aims at assessment, more precisely feedback as part of ordinary activities within hairdressing education. The study investigates feedback practices related to assessment of knowing during production, with focus on communication between student and teacher. Communication is regarded as interactively constructed and is investigated through a multimodal social semiotic perspective which implies studying verbal as well as nonverbal resources in meaning making. Speech and body movements are not subordinate to each other and are studied as contributing in communication on their own terms. Video observations were used to investigate feedback practices in the hairdressing classroom, during a couple of lessons when last year’s students received customers for various treatments. From one hour recording, a selection was made showing communication between student and teacher with joint focus of attention during production. The selection is based on the assumption of feedback as interactively constructed and represented in a multimodal way. The analysis of the feedback practice shows a multifaceted result, since each interaction between a student and a teacher is unique. Nevertheless, a recurrent pattern of feedback construction could be discerned. Three important functions of feedback were distinguished, that of control, instruction and evaluation. Furthermore, these functions interact in temporal processes of cycles and loops. The core of feedback practice is found within the loop, where questions and wonders from the student are brought into a joint investigation. / Baksidestext: Cykler och loopar i Salongen handlar om återkoppling i yrkesgymnasiet, närmare bestämt på hantverksprogrammets frisörutbildning. Återkoppling studeras genom videoobservationer av kommunikation mellan lärare och elev under pågående undervisning, där elever arbetar med olika hårvårdsbehandlingar på kunder. Återkoppling görs genom olika meningsskapande resurser. Det verbalspråkliga är bara en del av kommunikationen. Kroppsrörelser, blickar och olika redskap används också för att kommunicera av både elev och lärare. Mönster i form av olika återkopplingsfunktioner och cykliska processer kan urskiljas i kommunikationen mellan lärare och elev. I det cykliska uppstår ibland loopar, som utgörs av händelser där något moment blir uppmärksammat i ett gemensamt utforskande. Looparna utgår från elevens frågor och funderingar och betraktas därför som centrala i återkopplingspraktiken. Studien bidrar med beskrivningar av den dagliga klassrumskommunikationen, där bedömning och undervisning är sammanvävda förlopp. Den riktar sig till forskare och lärare inom yrkesutbildning och andra skolformer, men också till övriga läsare med intresse för bedömningsfrågor och återkopplingspraktik. Licentiatuppsatsen är skriven inom ramen för Lic-forskarskolan i yrkesämnenas didaktik. / Intresset i denna studie är riktat mot klassrumsbaserad bedömning, närmare bestämt återkoppling som en del av den dagliga undervisningen. Studien undersöker återkopplingspraktik i frisörklassrummet relaterad till bedömning av kunnande under pågående arbete, med fokus på kommunikationen mellan lärare och elev. Kommunikationen betraktas som interaktivt konstruerad och studeras ur ett multimodalt perspektiv utifrån socialsemiotisk teori. Det innebär att återkoppling studeras både verbalt i samtalsform, men även icke-verbalt i form av bland annat gester, artefakter och blickar. De betraktas i detta perspektiv som jämbördiga resurser i meningskonstruktionen. Videoobservationer har därför varit ett lämpligt sätt att undersöka återkopplingspraktik i frisörklassrummet. Detta har gjorts under några lektionspass när elever i åk. 3 hade kundmottagning. Utifrån en timmes inspelningar, har urval gjorts som visar kommunikation mellan lärare och elev med gemensamt uppmärksamhetsfokus på ett pågående arbete. Urvalet baseras på grundantagandena om återkoppling som interaktivt konstruerad och multimodalt representerad. Analysen av återkopplingspraktiken visar på ett mångfacetterat resultat eftersom varje interaktion mellan lärare och elev är unik, således också deras kommunikation. Ändå har återkopplingspraktiken visat sig vara konstruerad enligt vissa återkommande mönster. Tre centrala återkopplingsfunktioner har kunnat urskiljas: den kontrollerande, den instruerande och den värderande, utgående från handlingar som kännetecknar dem. Vidare samspelar dessa över tid i cykliska processer och loopar. I looparna tas elevens frågor och behov tillvara i ett gemensamt utforskande. De kan betraktas som själva kärnan i återkopplingspraktiken.

This aim of this study is to compare and contrast two textbooks in Swedish as a second language. The main focus is on textbooks written for newly arrived students in primary school. The aim is to see if, and how, written text and pictures worked together to provide opportunities for learning and understanding for the students. Two books were chosen, one published in 1996, Svenskbiten A1 and one from 2020 Mitt i språket A. A multimodal analysis of chosen extracts is made. The texts are discussed from a social semiotic theoretical point of view. Meaning-making according to the ideationell meta-function is one aspect from the social semiotic point theory that is used to examine the textbooks. The result from the analysis is that the two textbooks have a lot of similarities, which was expected since they have the same purpose and the same book publisher. One difference found is that the older textbook is more passive, and more repetitive than the newer book. The newer textbook contains more dialogue and contact with the reader. It is not possible to say if one of the textbooks are better than the other, it depends on the purpose of the teacher using them.

Education in the Swedish school system should aim to assist pupils in the development of fundamental values. This study investigates to what extent different groups of people are represented within two textbooks for English language teaching (ELT), produced in Sweden and commonly used in Swedish schools and how these representations correlate with the values indicated in the curriculum. Additionally, this study explores if textbooks designed for ELT can be adapted and used as a resource in the Arts classroom for multimodal representation analysis. The study used a multimodal critical discourse analysis with a social semiotic approach to address these questions, looking at the textbooks' textual and visual elements. The result is addressed both quantitatively and qualitatively and showed that, while women were shown in active roles, white men were overrepresented in both the visual and textual representations and people of colour of both genders were underrepresented. The results imply that ELT textbooks have some ways to go in order to meet the representation demands that the curriculum sets and that more research needs to address how to more accurately and frequently represent different groups of people within ELT teaching materials.

In my diploma thesis, I am reconstructing the anti-immigration attitude in Czech nationalist music production in the year 2016 in the context of the so-called European migration crisis. The sample consists of five selected music videos for nationalist protest songs reacting to the migration crisis and events connected to it. The thesis is based on the theoretical resources of social semiotics and the method of research is the multimodal semiotic analysis, which allows detailed research of the contents of complex communicates like music videos. In the theoretical part, I focus on acquainting the reader to the basics of semiotics, from where I gradually transfer to the school of social semiotics and their theories of modes and multimodality which represent the theoretical background for the analysis in the practical part. Next, I turn to clarifying the progress of the so-called European migration crisis in the years 2015 and 2016 which were crucial for the creation of these nationalist music videos. Also, I justify the choice of the sample and the analyzed themes. The practical part the contains the analysis of the selected music videos using the multimodal semiotic analysis considering three modes - the mode of speech, moving pictures and music. I decode the signs belonging to the pre-set themes....

Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva lärares upplevelse av fjärrundervisning i ämnet Dansgestaltning under Covid-19-pandemin. Kurserna i Dansgestaltning inom gymnasiets estetiska program innehåller skapande och en förutsättning för detta är de centrala målen i kursen som fokuserar på samarbete, interaktion och konstnärligt arbete. Studien syftar till att visa hur lärare ställt om undervisningen i Dansgestaltning till fjärrundervisning, att visa på problem de stött på men även lyfta perspektivet kring hur det går att se framåt.    För att uppnå syftet ställs tre frågor som handlar om hur lärare arbetar och till följd av Covid19-pandemin förändrat sitt arbete med kursen Dansgestaltning. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten i studien är Socialsemiotiskt multimodalt perspektiv som visar på hur kommunikation är en samverkan av flertalet teckensystem. Studien innehåller även reflektioner om det didaktiska rummets betydelse för lärande.    Empiri samlas in genom intervjuer med verksamma danslärare. Resultatet visar hur viktig danssalen är; det fysiska rummet möjliggör det komplexa system av kommunikation som kontinuerligt sker i dansundervisning. Det är även tydligt hur viktigt det sociala samspelet elever emellan är för elevernas studiemotivation och lärande.

This thesis deals with the current media communication, visual image of Barack Obama on the front pages of Time magazine, and the application methods of semiological analysis inspired by Roland Barthes. Semiological analysis is performed on selected front pages of Time magazine. There is always determined and described the method that is subsequently applied at the beginning of each analysis. Utilized concepts are reading the image, denotation, connotation and myth. Attention is also drawn to the concept of photography and the relationship between text and image. The work refers to the use of Barthes theoretical concepts in contemporary visual communication. I also focused on innovation methods semiological analysis using knowledge of social semiotics. The basic reference lines and hypotheses include: efforts to use concepts of denotation, connotation and myth in the analysis of visual images of the known politician, monitoring the relationship between text and image on the front pages. The analysis results are reviewed and supplemented by analysis of trends in the composition of politician image. The work examins the applicability of semiological methods in visual environment and also focuses on the results of the analysis. The image of Barack Obama is a sort of visual communication, where the...

Denna studie har som syfte att analysera vilka klasskildringar som görs i filmen “Parasite” (2019) med fokus på semiotiska element, metaforer och stereotyper. Förhoppningen med studien är att bidra till allmänhetens kunskap om hur visuella resurser som kameravinklar, miljöer, kroppsspråk, kläder, ljus och färgsättning kan användas vid produktioner för att påverka publikens åsikter och uppfattning. Parasite blev av intresse då filmen har fått ett så stort genomslag internationellt, bland annat genom att vara den första icke-engelsktalande filmen som vunnit en Oscar för “best picture”. Filmen har också blivit väldigt omtalad för just hur regissören Bong Joon-ho har lyckats att föra berättelsen om samhällsklassernas skillnader på ett kraftfullt sätt.  Studiens frågeställningar blev: Hur representeras makt och klasskillnader i filmen? Med vilka semiotiska resurser (färgsättning, ljus, kameravinklar, miljöer, kläder och kroppsspråk) reproduceras eller utmanas klasskillnader i filmen? Metodvalet är en visuell multimodal analys där tre filmsekvenser har analyserats. Fokus i studien låg på visuella element och andra icke-visuella delar som kommunicerar filmens handling. De teoretiska ramverken bygger på representationsteori, socialsemiotik och teorin om stereotyper. Dessa har hjälpt studien att ta hänsyn till de kulturella tolkningar och underliggande meningar som finns i filmen vilket blir ett underlag till denna studies analys. Tidigare forskning inom ämnet har fokus på representation, stereotyper, metaforer och ledtrådar då dessa är fenomen som frekvent uppkommer i Parasite.  Resultaten av studien visade att representationen makt och klasskillnader framställdes genom designval som miljöer, kroppsspråk, kläder m.m. Stereotyper om de rika och fattiga användes också, där fattiga är oärliga, bor trångt och saknar formell utbildning medan rika bär lyxiga kläder och bor glamoröst. Men filmen bryter även dessa stereotyper när en fattig person börjar bära kostym och upplevs då som framgångsrik. Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse för hur visuella medier kan påverka människors synsätt. / This study aimed to analyze the portrayal of class in the film “Parasite” (2019) with a focus on visual elements, metaphors and stereotypes. The aim of the study is to contribute to the public's knowledge of how visual resources such as camera angles, composition, settings, body language, clothing, lighting and coloring can be used in productions to influence the audience's opinions and perceptions. Parasite was of interest because of its international impact, including being the first non-English speaking film to win an Oscar for best picture. The film has also been highly publicized for how director Bong Joon-ho has managed to tell the story of social class differences in a powerful way.  The questions of the study were: How are power and class differences represented in the movie? With which semiotic resources (coloring, lighting, camera angles, environments, clothing and body language) are class differences reproduced or challenged in the film? The chosen method is a visual multimodal analysis where three film sequences have been analyzed. The focus of the study was on visual elements and other non-visual elements that communicate the film's plot. The theoretical frameworks include the theory of representation, social semiotics and the theory of stereotypes. These have helped the study to take into account the cultural interpretations and underlying meanings in the film, which supports the analysis of this study. Previous research on the subject focuses on representation, stereotypes, metaphors and clues used in 'Parasite'.  The results of the study showed that the representation of power and class differences were portrayed through design choices such as settings, body language, clothing etc. Stereotypes of the rich and poor were also used, where the poor are dishonest, live in cramped conditions and lack formal education while the rich wear luxurious clothes and live glamorously. But the movie also breaks these stereotypes when a poor person starts wearing a suit and is perceived as successful. The study contributes to a better understanding of how visual media can influence people's perceptions.

Nonverbal communication in dance teaching - How do students experience and interpret the nonverbal communication of a dance pedagogue? The purpose of this thesis is to further the knowledge about how a dance pedagogue's nonverbal communication could be interpreted by dance students. The thesis focuses on four semiotic resources; placement in the room, facial expression, usage of voice, and body language. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used. A practical workshop was executed where demonstrations of various ways in using nonverbal communication within a dance class context was shown. A questionnaire was based upon these demonstrations. A group interview was conducted. In the process of making the content of the demonstrations, video filming was used. The theoretical framework is based on theories of social semiotics and multimodality. The results show that small details in the dance pedagogue's usage of nonverbal communication have great influence on students' experiences of the presence of a dance pedagogue, the clarity of the instructions from the dance pedagogue, and the power dynamics between dance pedagogue and student. The study shows that these components are crucial for students' comprehensions of the content of a dance class and their experiences of the social climate of the classroom. The study advocates the importance of consiousness among dance pedagogues about their usage of nonverbal communication in teaching.

ABSTRACT This licentiate thesis is a study of the curriculum of the school subject Swedish from a socio-cultural perspective. The aim of the study is to obtain insights into how pupils in the seventh grade of the Swedish secondary school system read films, and further to investigate how the education in Swedish can manage and make the most of various approaches to film. The survey was conducted in a class which I teach myself, and the empirical data consists primarily of oral and written statements by the pupils, concerning the films they have seen. Furthermore the social context around the reception of the films has been mapped. As part of the empirical data there is also a record of a discussion in the classroom concerning filmmaking. With the reception model of Kathleen McCormick as a point of departure, the filmic repertoires of the pupils are analyzed, described and interpreted as they stand out within the framework of the study. The general repertoires of the pupils are also dealt with to some extent. The representations and non-representations of the readings are further discussed in a social semiotic perspective. The research shows that the pupils bring rich experiences of fiction from television as well as film to school. The research also indicates that there is a potential for specific learning processes in the reading of film, since the reception of film entails a possibility to widen the general and filmic repertoires as well as to be conscious of them. The most important potential for learning is in the meeting with films that create a tension between the general repertoires of the reader and the film itself, since the film in those cases stands for something hitherto unknown for the reader. The pupils in my survey do not, however, primarily watch film in order to obtain new experiences, or to learn something; they watch film as a means to feel and share experiences with others in order to strengthen their sense of belonging to a group. One exception appears to be films that the pupils interpret as based on reality, since there is a tendency among the pupils to be more openminded for clashes between their own repertoires and the repertoires in films when it comes to fiction anchored in reality. The true challenge of the teaching is to attract the pupils to develop conscious relationships to films that imply a tension between repertoires. The reasons for these tensions have furthermore to be investigated. When it comes to films based on reality, the study makes it clear that the population of pupils represents a diverse set of attitudes towards the films; some pupils read the films as pure facts, while others read them in a more reflective way, comparing the mediated images of reality in the actual films with other types of experiences. The teaching of Swedish with the intention to take care of the reception of film among school children must be conducted in an awareness of the fact that not all pupils are representing their readings in a way that makes it possible to create meeting places around them within the educational framework. In my view, the education in Swedish for the secondary school must in a more active way open up for the possibility for the pupils to acquire strategies for a conscious handling of their film readings, as well as access to a language by which they can make their representations. The fact that not all pupils are aware of how film can mediate constructions of reality makes it important to take care of the children’s readings in such a way that makes them aware of the semiotic resources of the cinematic medium. This is one reason why one should allow them make their own films. It is also important to use a diversity of semiotic resources when pupils are representing their readings in order to underline the plurality of interpretations and filmic repertoires. Finally, I discuss the results of my research in relation to the new curriculum of Swedish education as it is presented in the syllabus “Lgr 11” which will take effect as from the autumn semester of 2011. In my analysis I find that the space for work of the kind I have conducted in the classroom will be diminished due to the new curriculum. There are, however, still possibilities and a learning potential for a teaching in Swedish that in an active way will take care of film experiences, as well as other kinds of textual experiences.