Titel: “Man behöver verkligen varandra” - En kvalitativ studie gällande vilka faktorer som påverkar socialsekreterares arbetssituation och vilka erfarenheter socialsekreterare har av socialt stöd på arbetsplatsen. Författare: Martina Johnsträd och Per Jonsson Arbetssituationen för socialsekreterare är idag mycket komplex, arbetsbelastningen är hög, många kommuner lider av hög personalomsättning och sjukskrivningarna har de senaste åren ökat. En skyddsfaktor för när arbetssituationen präglas av höga krav och låg kontroll är socialt stöd. Socialt stöd har visat sig ha en skyddande effekt även i de fall då arbetsbelastningen är hög. Uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare upplevde sin arbetssituation och hur de upplevde det sociala stödet på arbetsplatsen. Syftet konkretiseras i följande frågeställningar: “Vilka faktorer påverkar socialsekreterares arbetssituation?” och “Vilka erfarenheter har socialsekreterare av socialt stöd på arbetsplatsen?” Uppsatsen genomfördes utifrån en kvalitativ metod och bestod av intervjuer med sju socialsekreterare yrkesverksamma inom barn- och familj eller ekonomiskt bistånd. Krav-kontroll-stödmodellen användes som teori för att analysera uppsatsens resultat. Enligt uppsatsens resultat framkom att socialsekreterarna värderade socialt stöd högst av allt när det kom till avgörande faktorer för att trivas och stanna på en arbetsplats. Majoriteten av socialsekreterarna hade en positiv upplevelse av sin arbetssituation trots att de upplevde hög arbetsbelastning och andra påfrestningar i arbetet vilket förklaras med krav-kontroll-stödmodellen där hög kontroll ihop med höga krav utformar en arbetssituation som främjar lärande och kan begränsa negativ stress. / Title: "You really need each other" - A qualitative study regarding what factors affect the social workers work situation and what experiences the social worker have of social support in the workplace.  Authors: Martina Johnsträd and Per Jonsson  The work situation for social workers today is very complex, the workload is high, many municipalities suffer from high staff turnover and sick leave has increased in recent years. A factor that has a protective effect against high work demands and low control is social support. Social support has been shown to have a protective effect even in cases where the workload is high. The purpose of the study was to investigate how social workers experienced their work situation and how they experienced social support in the workplace. The purpose is concretized in the following questions: "What factors affect the social secretary's work situation?" and "What is the experience of social workers with social assistance in the workplace?" The study was conducted based on a qualitative method and consisted of interviews with seven social workers working with children and families or financial assistance. The demand-control-supportmodel were used to analyze the results of the study. According to the results of the study, it shows that the social workers valued social support most of all when it came to decisive factors for well-being and staying in a workplace. The majority of social workers had a positive experience of their work situation despite experiencing high workload and other stresses at work, which is explained by demandcontrol-supportmodel where high control together with high demands shapes a work situation that promotes learning and can limit negative stress.

Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning visar på vikten av att stötta barn i dygnsvård i deras kontakt med ursprungsfamiljen. Det finns flertalet studier som belyser barnet och ursprungsfamiljens upplevelser av kontakten dem emellan. Hur socialsekreterarna arbetar med kontakten i Sverige är dock inte ett lika utforskat område.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare arbetar med kontakten mellan barn i dygnsplacering och barnets ursprungsfamilj samt vilka risker och skyddsfaktorer de såg med kontakten mellan det dygnsplacerade barnet och dess ursprungsfamilj.Metod: Metoden som användes var kvalitativ där kvalitativa intervjuer samt en fokusgrupp ligger som grund för resultatet.Resultat och slutsats: Socialsekreterarna ansåg att deras arbete kräver en förmåga av att vara kreativ i hur de planerar kontakten samt i deras egna bemötande till ursprungsfamiljen. Det framkom att utöver vårdnadshavare var övriga personer i ursprungsfamiljen bortglömda eller bortprioriterade då kontakten planerades. / Background: Earlier studies show the importance of supporting the contact between children in out-of-home care and their birth-family. There are several studies that highlight the experiences of the contact between children in out-of-home care and their birth-families. How social workers in Sweden work with the contact is an unexplored area.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how social workers manage contact between children in out-of-home care and their birth-family and the risk and safety factors regarding the contact between the child in out-of-home care and its birth-family.Method: The basis for the qualitative study were individual interviews and a focus group.Results and conclusion: The social workers considered that their work required an ability to be creative in how they plan the contact between the child and its birth-family and how they respond to the birth-family. The study also demonstrates how others from the birth-family than the child’s parents were forgotten or ignored in the contact planning.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka socialsekreterares upplevelser av hur digitaliseringen har förändrat arbetet inom ekonomiskt bistånd. I studien genomfördes fem kvalitativa intervjuer med socialsekreterare från samma kommun där verksamheten nyligen genomgått en digitaliseringsprocess. Intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av det strukturella perspektivet samt tidigare forskning som berör dokumentation, administrativt arbete samt digitalisering i socialt arbete och offentliga verksamheter. Resultatet visade att det administrativa arbetet minskat till följd av digitaliseringen samt att det är enkelt och tidseffektivt för socialsekreterare. Avsikten med digitaliseringen var att klientkontakten ska öka när de administrativa arbetsuppgifterna minskar. Detta har utifrån studiens resultat inte kunnat ske då rådande pandemi, Covid-19, fört med sig en rad restriktioner i syfte att minska smittspridningen. Pandemin har tvingat verksamheten att ändra sitt arbetssätt vilket resulterat i att nya digitala lösningar växt fram. Resultatet visade även att det finns en förhoppning hos socialsekreterarna att digitaliseringen ska förändra synen på den professionella rollen och göra arbetet inom ekonomiskt bistånd mer attraktivt. En slutsats av studien var att det finns tekniska förutsättningar inom socialtjänsten för att ytterligare anpassa arbetet efter klienters enskilda behov och de förändringar som sker i samhället. / The aim of this study was to explore social workers experiences of how digitalization has changed the work within financial aid. The study is based on five qualitative interviews with social workers from the same municipality, where the organization has recently undergone a digitalization process. The interviews were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The results were analyzed with the help of the structural perspective and previous research concerning documentation, administrative work and digitization in social work and public organizations. The results showed that the administrative work has decreased as a result of digitalization and that it is simple and time-efficient for both social workers and clients. The purpose of the digitalization was that client contact would increase when the administrative tasks decrease. Based on the results of this study, this has not been possible as the current pandemic, Covid- 19, has brought with it a number of restrictions in order to reduce the spread of infection. The pandemic has forced the organization to change its way of working, which has led to the emergence of new digital solutions. The results also showed that there is hope among the social workers that digitalization will change the view of the professional role and make the work within financial aid more attractive. One conclusion of the study was that there are technical opportunities within the social services to further adapt the work to clients' individual needs and the changes that take place in society.

The purpose of the study was to examine how social workers view their role's responsibilities, opportunities and challenges in young people's school success, in child care investigations. This important aspect in society has not, according to the authors of this essay, been sufficiently addressed in the past, especially not in child care investigations. The study consists of qualitative semi-structured interviews with nine social workers within two municipalities' individual and family care. The result was analyzed against the background of the systems theory and street-level bureaucracy. The result was compared with previous research, based on the concepts of school success, social workers's responsibility, cooperation, efforts, time frame and reporting of concerns. The results showed that school success includes grades, attendance and well-being. The opposite; school failure, seems to be a structural societal problem and not at all the young person's responsibility. In child care investigations, social workers, social services, parents, schools and psychiatry are responsible, but the boundaries within the system are sometimes very diffuse. The informants believe that they themselves, in individual conversations with the young person, and in collaboration with parents, the school and, to some extent, psychiatry, have opportunities to influence school success in child care investigations. Cooperation works to some extent with the school, but is lacking with psychiatry. The challenges with school success are further that school affairs have low interest among social workers, also in the organization, it’s not prioritized as an educational area, lack interventions and involve legal limitations.

”VERKLIGHETSCHOCKEN”EN KVALITATIV STUDIE OM UTBRÄNDHET OCH DESS PÅVERKAN PÅ ARBETSPLATSENISRAA AHMADAJIN YASSINAhmad I & Yassin A. ”Verklighetschocken”. En kvalitativ studie om utbrändhet och dess påverkan på arbetsplatsen. Examensarbete i Socialt arbete 15 hp. Malmö Högskola: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, institutionen för socialt arbete, 2016.Socialsekreterare är bland yrkesgrupperna som främst drabbas av utbrändhet. Fenomenet har blivit allt vanligare de senaste decennierna. Detta väckte därför intresset för att utforska ämnet ytterligare. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka arbetsrelaterade faktorer som bidrar till utbrändhet och hur det påverkar arbetsplatsen utifrån socialsekreterares perspektiv. För att besvara studiens syfte utfördes sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare på socialtjänster inom Malmö Stad. Resultatet visade att det finns ett komplext samspel av bidragande faktorer på tre nivåer. Den första är på en individuell plan där faktorn ålder och ambitionsnivå spelar roll i förhållande till fenomenet. Problemet som uppmärksammades var att under utbildningen bildar studenter förväntningar som kolliderar med verkligheten när de möter arbetslivet. Detta sker speciellt när arbetsplatsen har dåliga förhållanden. Därigenom landar vi på organisationsnivån där intervjupersonerna upplevde höga krav, låg kontroll och brist på socialt stöd. Dåliga förhållanden innebär främst bristande stöd från chef, dålig psykosocial arbetsmiljö och hög arbetsbelastning. Dessa organisatoriska faktorer blir ohälsosamma och bidrar till utbrändhet. Tredje nivån är könaspekten där dubbelarbete och könssegregering innebär sämre arbetsförhållanden och högre arbetsbelastning för kvinnor. Resultatet visade även att arbetsplatsen påverkas när socialsekreterare drabbas av utbrändhet eftersom att det sprider oro till kollegor vilket som skapar en ond cirkel. När socialsekreterare drabbas av utbrändhet och sjukskrivs måste kollegor täcka kvarblivna arbetsinsatserna vilket som ökar arbetsbelastningen på dem. Utöver detta upplevde socialsekreterare andra negativa påverkningar när medarbetare drabbas av utbrändhet så som sämre kvalitet på utfört arbetet, lidande klient och ekonomiska följder. Vi anser att det är av särskild betydelse att öka medvetenheten om fenomenet då det finns en risk för oss eller kommande studenter att stöta på problematiken i framtida yrket och arbetsplatsen.Nyckelord: Arbetsplats, höga krav, socialsekreterare, systemteori, utbrändhet. / ” THE REALITY CHOCK”A QUALITATIVE STUDY ABOUT BURNOUT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE WORKPLACEISRAA AHMADAJIN YASSINAhmad, I & Yassin, A.” The reality chock”. A qualitative study about burnout and its impact on the workplace. Degree project in Social Work 15 credits. Malmö. University: Faculty of health and society. Department of Social Work, 2016. Social workers are among the professions who suffer the most due burnout. The phenomenon is becoming increasingly frequent recent decades. This aroused interest to explore the subject further. The aim of this study was therefore to examine work related factors that contribute to burnout and how it affects the workplace based on social workers’ perspective. Six semi-structured interviews were made with social workers in Malmo cities social services to answer the aim of the study. The result indicates that there is a complex interaction of contributing factors on three levels. The first is on an individual plan illustrating the factor age and level of ambition as contributing to burnout. The problem that they drew attention to is that during the studies the students create expectations that collide with the reality when they meet the work life. This happens especially when the workplace has bad conditions. Thereby we land on the organizational level where social workers are experiencing high demands, low control and lack of social support. Bad conditions are due the interviewed social workers mainly a workplace with lack of support from manager, bad psychosocial working environment and high workload. This conditions characteristics as unhealthy and organizational factors contributing to burnout. Third level is the gender dimension where double work and the fact that women dominate social work mean worse working conditions and higher workload. The result also showed that the workplace affects when social workers suffer by burnout because it spreads concern through the colleagues, which creates a vicious circle. Colleagues have to cover the work tasks when the social worker suffers due burnout and stays at home on sick leave, which increase the burden on them. Inferior quality, client suffering and economic consequences was also an influence that social workers experienced because of burnout. Thereby we consider that it is of essential importance to increase awareness about the phenomenon because of the risk that next students or we encounter this problem in future profession and workplace. Keywords: Burnout, high demands, social worker, system theory, workplace.

Domestic violence occurs in our society on a daily basis. This entails that children are both exposed to and witness violence in their home. Domestic violence is considered one of the most serious risks to children's health and development. It is therefore important to protect children against this violence. The purpose of this study has therefore been to gain an increased understanding of how social workers' view investigations concerning children who have experienced domestic violence. The aim of this study has also been to investigate social workers' perceived experiences of the opportunities and limitations they have to protect these children. In this study, a qualitative method of semi-structured interviews has been used to interview five social workers'. To analyze the results of the study, previous research, the ecology of human development theory by Bronfenbrenner, and Lipsky's theory of street-level bureaucrats were used. The study found that social workers' have clear procedures that they follow in cases of violence, and that these can provide security for both the social workers' and the families. The social workers also describe that it is important to map risk factors in children's lives, as well as to be aware of their own prejudices when meeting with the families. The social workers' also describe that they can draw attention to various consequences in both the short and long term, which children develop due to the violence. In order to prevent these consequences, it is therefore important that social services become aware of children who experience domestic violence as early as possible. The study also found that the social workers' in their work can identify and promote individual protective factors for these children. The social workers' also present opportunities and limitations that affect their discretion while working with children who have experienced domestic violence. Limitations that are highlighted are insufficient interventions, parents who do not admit violence, parents who do not want to receive interventions and expectations. Opportunities presented are the social workers' motivational work and experiences.

Sammanfattning Titel: ’’Det är ju ett våldsamt liv, att vara missbrukare’’- Socialsekreterares syn på ASI- intervjuns användbarhet beträffande våld i nära relationer  Författare: Isabell Eklöf och Mimmi Wallin Nilsson  Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare inom alkohol-och drogmissbruksområdet uppfattar ASI-intervjuns användbarhet att identifiera våld i nära relation samt stödja våldsutsatta och våldsutövare. Data samlades in genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare inom alkohol- och drogmissbrukområdet med erfarenhet av ASI i Sverige. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av tidigare forskning och begreppen handlingsutrymme samt relationskompetens, yrkeskompetens och handlingskompetens. Resultatet visar att ASI-intervjun är ett bra verktyg för att screena våld i nära relation men inte för att stödja våldsutövare och våldsutsatta. Flertalet faktorer påverkar ASI-intervjuns användbarhet; bland annat klienternas komplexa problematik, relationen mellan socialsekreterare och klient, samt socialsekreterarens intresse att ställa följdfrågor. Troligtvis hade ASI-intervjun varit mer användbar om frågornas utformning justerats. En slutsats är att det är upp till den enskilde socialsekreteraren och dess handlingsutrymme hur användbar ASI-intervjun är. / Abstract Title: ”It is a violent life to be an addict” - Social workers' views on the usefulness of the  ASI interview regarding violence in intimate relationships.  Authors: Isabell Eklöf and Mimmi Wallin Nilsson  The purpose of the study was to investigate how social workers in the alcohol and drug abuse field perceive the ASI interview’s usefulness to identify violence in intimate relationships and support victims and perpetrators. Data were collected through five semi- structured interviews with social workers in the alcohol and drug abuse field with experience of ASI in Sweden. The result was analyzed with previous research, the concept room for maneuver, relational competence, professional competence and action competence. The results showed that ASI is useful for screening violence in intimate relationships, but not for supporting perpetrators and victims. The social workers' interest in asking follow-up questions, clients' complex problems and the relationship between social worker and client are examples of what affects the ASI' usefulness. ASI could be more useful if the questions were adjusted. One conclusion is that the individual social worker and their room for maneuver determines the ASI’s usefulness.

The aim of this study was to examine professional resilience among social workers. Professional resilience in this study included three dimensions; organizational, relational and emotional resilience. Resilience was described in this study as recuperation and resistance. The aim was to see which resilience factors contribute to social workers staying at their workplaces for more than two years. The study was based on six interviews with social workers at the social services in social child care in Sweden. The theory of emotional wage labor and the concept of SOC, Sense of Coherence, were used as theoretical frameworks. The study concluded that social workers stay longer than two years in their workplaces in social child care, primarily thanks to their colleagues. Other important factors for social workers to thrive were leadership and personal qualities, such as the emotional ability to leave the job at work and not engage too much emotionally.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare arbetar med barn som har upplevt våld i nära relation. Frågeställningarna bestod av att belysa konsekvenser för barn som har upplevt våld samt undersöka vilka insatser socialtjänsten kan erbjuda. Studiens data samlades in genom att genomföra två fokusgruppsintervjuer med fyra socialsekreterare i vardera, urval till arbetet begränsades till ett visst län i Sverige. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna för studien var kristeorin och anknytningsteorin, som även användes under fokusgruppsintervjuerna och analysen i studien. Resultstet visade att barn kan drabbas av flera fysiska och psykiska konsekvenser efter att ha upplevt våld i nära relation, både långvariga och kortvariga. Socialtjänsten kan även erbjuda olika insatser och dessa anpassas efter barnens och familjens behov och förmåga att ta till sig ny kunskap. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av teorierna och det framkom att dessa inte var något socialsekreterarna utgick ifrån när de arbetade med barn som har upplevt våld.

The aim of this qualitative study is to examine how social secretaries’ work with homeless clients and the factors that contribute to their recovery process from homelessness. Data from interviews with seven social secretaries were analyzed using Maslow's hierarchy of needs (2015) and the concept of social exclusion (2014). The study found that social secretaries take a holistic approach in investigating all clients' problem areas. However they experience limited room for maneuver due to social services laws and guidelines, as well as divided opinions on housing interventions. The research also identified central factors that strengthen clients' recovery process, including access to resources, strengthening social relationships and the clients' own motivation. Furthermore, social secretaries identified hindering factors such as negative social relationships and social exclusion that may impede the clients' recovery. The study also found that the lack of job opportunities and affordable housing, can act as an additional hindering factor. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for a comprehensive approach in social work with homelessness that takes into account the complex and multifaceted nature of the recovery process. A holistic perspective can help create sustainable solutions that help homeless individuals recover and rebuild their lives.