This study aims to highlight the art critic Stig Johansson's position during two historical moments: 1962-63 and 1972. The theoretical and methodological framework is mainly derived from Pierre Bourdieu’s understanding of the art field and the art critic's role and mission within that specific field. Art criticism is an important text source for expanded knowledge of how the discussion of contemporary art has been conducted. In the first chapter of the thesis, I describe some of the investments that preceded Johansson’s role as art critic. These efforts are to be regarded as field-specific as they were preparing Johansson with the kind of social capital that won recognition in the art field. In the second part of the essay, I distinguish between the art critical genre and mission. Instead of limiting the study to art reviews, which is usually associated with the genre of art criticism, the thesis also include material such as debate articles and notices. The study of these different text types contribute to an increased understanding of how art criticism practice actually worked, and what was to be included in such practices during these historical periods. The third chapter is based on an empirical study and focus on three selected themes: the new, the political and the art critic role. The fourth part consists of a text analysis based on Malcolm Gee’s strategies for persuasion in art criticism. A presentation and discussion of the art critical material, and hence the position Johansson takes, contributes to an increased understanding of the negotiations that characterized the art field during the periods in question. The thesis contributes to a nuanced perspective on the production of meaning through problematizing positions and values in the Swedish art field during two important historical moments.

Med utgångspunkt från boken Omforma : Nya strukturer för designbranschen, har jag undersökt arbetssituationen för en mönsterdesigner 2017 och hur det går att koppla till svensk mönsterhistoria. Ett exempel jag tittar närmare på är kollektionen Signerad textil som visades på NK 1954. Jag reflekterar också över samtidens besatthet av mönster från 50- och 60-talet och vad det kan skapa för konsekvenser för nu verksamma formgivare.  I det gestaltande arbetet har jag skapat en varierad mönsterkollektion där jag försöker reflektera och utmana min egen designprocess.

Uppsatsen undersöker hur marxistiska och maskulinitetsteoretiska maktstrukturer påverkar relationerna mellan de fyra huvudkaraktärerna i Stig Dagermans dramatext Streber. Karaktärerna analyseras utifrån texten i Judasdramer från 1949. Analysen utgår ifrån repliker, karaktärsbeskrivningar och scenanvisningar. I uppsatsen analyseras hierarkiska positioner utifrån den marxistiska teorin med fokus på klasstillhörighet och socioekonomiska förutsättningar, följt av maskulinitetsteorin med fokus på maskulinitetstyper samt maskulinitetsnormer. De bägge analysperspektivens resultat sammanförs i ett intersektionellt perspektiv och används för att placera in karaktärerna i schematiska modeller. Dramat har inför analysen delats in i tre delar vilket innebär att man genom analysen följer karaktärernas utveckling genom tre olika schematiska modeller. De schematiska modellerna och analyserade exemplen visar slutligen hur olika ekonomiska, sociala och könsrelaterade maktfaktorer påverkar relationerna mellan dramats huvudkaraktärer samt deras relationer till övriga av dramats karaktärer.

Le génome bactérien est classiquement pensé comme constitué de “chromosomes”, éléments génomiques essentiels pour l’organisme, stables et à évolution lente, et de “plasmides”, éléments génomiques accessoires, mobiles et à évolution rapide. La distinction entre plasmides et chromosomes a récemment été mise en défaut avec la découverte dans certaines lignées bactériennes d’éléments génomiques intermédiaires, possédant à la fois des caractéristiques de chromosomes et de plasmides. Désignés par le terme de “chromosomes secondaires”, “mégaplasmides” ou “chromid”, ces éléments sont dispersés parmi les lignées bactériennes et sont couramment décrits comme des plasmides adaptés et modifiés. Cependant, leur véritable nature et les mécanismes permettant leur intégration dans le génome stable reste à caractériser. En utilisant les protéines liées aux Systèmes de Transmission de l’Information Génétique (STIG) comme variables descriptives des éléments génomiques bactériens (ou réplicons), une étude globale de génomique comparative a été conduite sur l’ensemble des génomes bactériens disponibles. A travers l’analyse de l’information contenue dans ce jeu de données par différentes approches analytiques, il apparait que les STIG constituent des marqueurs pertinents de l’état d’intégration des réplicons dans le génome stable, ainsi que de leur origine évolutive, et que les Réplicons Extra-Chromosomiques Essentiels (RECE) témoignent de la diversité des mécanismes génétiques et des processus évolutifs permettant l’intégration de réplicons dans le génome stable, attestant ainsi de la continuité du matériel génomique. / The genome of bacteria is classically separated into essential, stable and slow evolving replicons (chromosomes) and accessory, mobile and rapidly evolving replicons (plasmids). This paradigm is being questioned since the discovery of extra-chromosomal essential replicons (ECERs), be they called ”megaplasmids”, ”secondary chromosomes” or ”chromids”, which possess both chromosomal and plasmidic features. These ECERs are found in diverse lineages across the bacterial phylogeny and are generally believed to be modified plasmids. However, their true nature and the mechanisms permitting their integration within the sable genome are yet to be formally determined. The relationships between replicons, with reference to their genetic information inheritance systems (GIIS), were explored under the assumption that the inheritance of ECERs is integrated to the cell cycle and highly constrained in contrast to that of standard plasmids. A global comparative genomics analysis including all available of complete bacterial genome sequences, was performed using GIIS functional homologues as parameters and applying several analytical procedures. GIIS proved appropriate in characterizing the level of integration within the stable genome, as well as the origins, of the replicons. The study of ECERs thus provides clues to the genetic mechanisms and evolutionary processes involved in the replicon stabilization into the essential genome and the continuity of the genomic material.

När glöden falnat En urban begravningsplats i fridfull natur Var kommer jag att begravas? Idag flyttar fler och fler in till storstäderna, och man lämnar ofta släkten kvar på hemorten.  Det nya livet i storstaden byggs upp runt arbete och de nära relationer till vänner man får, och inte uppbyggda på släktskap. Som storstadsbo kanske man inte identifierar sig med ”hela” Stockholm, det som innefattar de främmande förorterna, där inga anhöriga eventuellt kunnat bo, utan mer med staden ”som sådan”. Om man då mitt i livet avlider – skulle lösningen vara att skickas till födelseorten för en jordfästning?    I mitt fall finns ingen familj kvar där, föräldrarna är döda och syskonen är spridda över landet. Det känns märkligt och tomt att veta att man hamnar på en plats som sällan skulle bli besökt, och som de flesta av mina vänner inte alls känner till. Så kom jag att fundera över begravningsplats – en urban och nydanande sådan – i detta fall i Stockholm - en som inte måste ligga på Sergels torg precis, men som kunde vara så pass central att det inte skulle kännas främmande eller långt bort. Så tog min idé form. Den kunde appliceras som ”Djurens urbana minneslund” också – Välj själva! I detta arbete har jag dock valt att fokusera på mänskligheten.   Kerstin Persson, Norrmälarstrand, Stockholm / As the ember has gone out An urban burial ground in peaceful nature Where will they bury me? Today more nd more people move into the big cities, leaving relatives behind. The new life becomes different and connects to work and the new relations one makes here, not connected to family bounds. As a big-city dweller one may not identify with the “whole of the city”, as one has no relatives living in that or that area, but with the City itself. Then, if one in the middle of walk of life unexpectedly passes away – would the solution be to be sent back to one´s birthplace to be bried? Well, in my case there are no family left there as mother and father have passed away and sister and brother lives at different places in our country. It feels remarkably and empty to be put at a place where people seldom or never would come to, as most of my friends don´t even really know where it is. Here I came to think of forming some kind of cemetery that also would fill “My needs”, a one – kind of urban but in the peaceful nature – fitting many peoples – of today´s  need – in the city of Stockholm. This idea could also very well fit into the idea of an urban cemetery for animals. Here I have focused on the idea for humans though. Choose Yourself!   Kerstin Persson, Norrmälarstrand, Stockholm

The development of shape in multicellular organisms has intrigued human minds for millenia. Empowered by modern genetic techniques, molecular biologists are now striving to not only dissect developmental processes, but to exploit their modularity for the design of custom living systems used in bioproduction, remediation, and regenerative medicine. Currently, our capacity to harness this potential is fundamentally limited by a lack of spatiotemporal control over gene expression in multicellular systems. While several synthetic genetic circuits for control of multicellular patterning have been reported, hierarchical induction of gene expression domains has received little attention from synthetic biologists, despite its fundamental role in biological self-organization. In this thesis, I introduce the first synthetic genetic system implementing population-based AND logic for programmed hierarchical patterning of bacterial populations of Escherichia coli, and address fundamental prerequisites for implementation of an analogous genetic circuit into the emergent multicellular plant model Marchantia polymorpha. In both model systems, I explore the use of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase as a gene expression engine to control synthetic patterning across populations of cells. In E. coli, I developed a ratiometric assay of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase activity, which I used to systematically characterize different intact and split enzyme variants. I utilized the best-performing variant to build a three-color patterning system responsive to two different homoserine lactones. I validated the AND gate-like behavior of this system both in cell suspension and in surface culture. Then, I used the synthetic circuit in a membrane-based spatial assay to demonstrate programmed hierarchical patterning of gene expression across bacterial populations. To prepare the adaption of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase-driven synthetic patterning from the prokaryote E. coli to the eukaryote M. polymorpha, I developed a toolbox of genetic elements for spatial gene expression control in the liverwort: I analyzed codon usage across the transcriptome of M. polymorpha, and used insights gained to design codon-optimized fluorescent reporters successfully expressed from its nuclear and chloroplast genomes. For targeting of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase to these cellular compartments, I functionally validated nuclear localization signals and chloroplast transit peptides. For spatiotemporal control of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase in M. polymorpha, I characterized spatially restricted and inducible promoters. For facilitated posttranscriptional processing of target transcripts, I functionally validated viral enhancer sequences in M. polymorpha. Taking advantage of this genetic toolbox, I introduced inducible nuclear-targeted bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase into M. polymorpha. I showed implementation of the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase/PT7 expression system accompanied by hypermethylation of its target nuclear transgene. My observations suggest operation of efficient epigenetic gene silencing in M. polymorpha, and guide future efforts in chassis engineering of this multicellular plant model. Furthermore, my results encourage utilization of spatiotemporally controlled bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase as a targeted silencing system for functional genomic studies and morphogenetic engineering in the liverwort. Taken together, the work presented enhances our capacity for spatiotemporal gene expression control in bacterial populations and plants, facilitating future efforts in synthetic morphogenesis for applications in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering.