Le prestige occupationnel est une mesure utilisée en sociologie des professions pour déterminer le statut social d’un emploi sous la forme d’un continuum hiérarchisé. Cette mesure peut être définie selon : le revenu, l’autorité, l’autonomie et les compétences. En ce basant sur des entrevues auprès de délinquants incarcérés (n=138), cette étude évalue si la notion de prestige s’applique aux occupations illicites. Les résultats suggèrent que les domaines d’activité des occupations illicites ne présentent pas d’homogénéité en termes de prestige. Certaines caractéristiques définissant le prestige des occupations licites, comme le revenu et la compétence, contribuent à définir le prestige des occupations illicites, par contre, l’autonomie et l’autorité n’y contribuent pas. Le milieu criminel présente des caractéristiques particulières comme la difficulté d’atteindre une continuité dans son occupation. Cette continuité explique le prestige des occupations illicites, mais non celui des occupations licites. D’autres indicateurs, comme le réseau criminel et la présence d’un mentor, influençant pourtant les revenus, n’ont pas d’impact sur le prestige des occupations illicite. Des modèles d’équations structurelles ont été utilisés pour vérifier les relations indirectes et les conversions entre les types de capitaux selon la théorie de l’espace social de Pierre Bourdieu. Ces analyses suggèrent l’essentialité de la notion de compétence et de continuité. La discussion et la conclusion élabore sur les notions de continuité, d’accumulation et de conversion de capital. / Occupational prestige is a measure used in the sociology of profession as a determinant of social status. It is conceptualized on continuum, and organized in a hierarchy defined by income, authority, autonomy and qualifications. Using interviews with incarcerated offenders (n=138), this study assesses if this concept of prestige can be used in the context of unlawful occupations. The results suggest that criminal occupation domains are not homogeneous with regards to prestige. Some indicators which contribute to the explanation of lawful occupations’ prestige, such as income and qualifications, contribute to unlawful occupational prestige as well, contrarily to autonomy and authority. The criminal world possesses some particular features such as the difficulty to attain continuity. This continuity explains unlawful occupational prestige, but not the lawful one. Other indicators, like the criminal network and the presence of a mentor influence criminal incomes, but have no direct impact on unlawful occupational prestige. Structural equation modeling was used to observe indirect relationships and conversion rates between the different forms of capitals according to the Pierre Bourdieu’s social space theory. These analyses suggest the essentiality of the qualification and the continuity. The discussion and conclusion develop on the concepts of continuity, capital accumulation and conversion.

Ce mémoire porte sur le caractère heuristique et critique du discours utopique qu’il conviendra de mettre en lumière à travers les écrits du Sous-Commandant Marcos, écrits qui constituent un cas exemplaire des mécanismes que met en œuvre le discours utopique. Partant de la définition opératoire de l’utopie comme expression d’un imaginaire social qui relèverait d’une pratique utopique dont la fonction serait de critiquer le caractère idéologique des représentations spatio-temporelles induites par l’ordre dominant et, se questionnant par la suite sur la nature de l’ordre dominant contemporain et le caractère spatial de son hégémonie grâce aux travaux d’Henri Lefebvre et de David Harvey, il s’agira de montrer comment, au sein de ses textes, Marcos parvient à produire un espace représentationnel alternatif dans lequel opère un mécanisme de neutralisation des contradictions (Louis Marin), une véritable épochè, une suspension du jugement, seule condition de possibilité du dépassement des contraintes de l’ordre dominant dans le discours et les représentations. / This thesis focuses on the heuristic and critical character of the utopian discourse, as it will be demonstrated through the Subcomandante Marcos’ writings, which present an exemplary case of the mechanisms at play in the utopian discourse. Starting with the operational definition of utopia as an expression of a social imagination resulting from a utopian practice whose function would be to criticize the ideological nature of spatiotemporal representations imposed by the dominant order and, subsequently questioning the contemporary dominant order and the spatial nature of its hegemony with the help of Henri Lefebvre and David Harvey’s works, the objective will be to demonstrate how, in his texts, Marcos produces an alternative representational space in which a mechanism of neutralization of oppositions (Louis Marin), an epoché, a judgment suspension occur, that is the only condition of possibility for overcoming the dominant order constraints in the realm of discourse and representations.

L'espace entourant notre corps est d'une importance vitale: nous surveillons attentivement les objets (animés et inanimés) qui entrent dans les limites de l'espace à immédiate proximité du corps pour interagir avec eux. Dans le domaine des neurosciences cognitives, cet espace est exemplifié par le concept d'espace péripersonnel (PPS), une représentation hautement plastique qui intègre des stimuli tactiles et visuels présentés sur et près du corps. Cette représentation semble contribuer au guidage efficace des actions, cependant dans la littérature on ne retrouve aucune preuve substantielle de l'implication du PPS dans le contrôle des actions. Un argument en faveurs de cette hypothèse dériverait de la preuve que la plasticité du PPS peut effectivement survenir avant le début du mouvement, plutôt que pendant le mouvement. Les résultats de la première étude (chapitre II) révèlent que les informations visuelles et tactiles interagissent de manière significative déjà au cours de la phase de planification de l'action et que cette interaction visuo-tactile augmente ultérieurement au cours des étapes successives du mouvement. Un tel processus de « remappage » visuo-tactile du PPS, qui précède temporellement et accompagne par la suite l'exécution de l'action motrice, semble donc idéalement adapté à pour aider au guidage de nos actions. Récemment, il a été suggéré que le PPS pourrait jouer un rôle dans le guidage des interactions motrices entre individus. En psychologie sociale, l'espace autour du corps est appelé espace interpersonnel (IPS), défini comme l'espace que les individus maintiennent autour d'eux et dans lequel les autres ne peuvent pas pénétrer sans susciter d'inconfort. En raison de certaines similitudes entre les représentions du PPS et du IPS, certains auteurs ont soulevé la question d'un éventuel partage de certaines caractéristiques fonctionnelles entre ces deux représentations. Le deuxième objectif de ma thèse etait de tester cette hypothèse en exploitant un autre processus de «remappage» plastique du PPS, c'est-à-dire celui induit par l'utilisation d'un outil. Les résultats de la deuxième étude (chapitre IV) montrent que l'utilisation «standard» d'un outil «allonge» le PPS, mesuré par la distance d'atteignabilité d'une autre personne, mais n'influence pas l'IPS, mesuré par la distance de confort envers la même personne. Dans la troisième étude (chapitre V), nous avons introduit une nouvelle variante plus sociale de l'utilisation d'un outil pour examiner la plasticité sensorimotrice et sociale des deux espaces. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que l'utilisation sociale d'un outil «allonge» le PPS et en même temps «réduit» l'IPS. La démonstration que l'on peut induire des changements directionnellement opposés entre les deux représentations, falsifie l'hypothèse selon laquelle il peut y avoir un chevauchement fonctionnel entre PPS et IPS. Ces exemples de dissociation fonctionnelle peuvent donc servir à éviter une association inappropriée entre les deux concepts. Si l'hypothèse de l'identité fonctionnelle avec l'IPS ne semble pas légitime, il n'en demeure pas moins que le PPS est également sensible aux variables sociales. La dernière étude (Chapitre VII) vise donc à explorer cette sensibilité du PPS vers une dimension sociale fondamentale, encore inexplorée: la propriété privée. Les résultats de la quatrième étude indiquent que la propriété d'un objet, qu'elle soit considérée comme individuelle ou partagée, est essentielle pour l'émergence des propriétés dynamiques du PPS. Les stimuli visuels influencent effectivement la perception tactile d'une manière plus marquée au début du mouvement, mais seulement lorsque l'objet appartient au participant. Il convient de noter qu'un effet similaire apparaît également lorsque l'on observe une autre personne agir sur l'objet qui lui appartient... [etc] / The zone that surrounds our body is of vital importance: we carefully monitor the objects (both animate and inanimate) that enter the boundaries of the immediate space around the body to interact with them. In the neurocognitive field such a space is captured by the concept of peripersonal space (PPS), a highly plastic representation that integrates tactile and visual stimuli presented on, and close to, the body. This system seems to contribute to the efficient guidance of actions, yet, a clear demonstration of a prominent role of PPS in control of actions is critically lacking. Strong support for this would derive from evidence that PPS plastic changes occur before rather than after movement onset. The results from the first study (Chapter II) reveal that visual and tactile information strongly interact already during the planning phase of action and this visuo-tactile interaction is further enhanced during subsequent movement phases. Such a visuo tactile remapping of PPS that temporally precedes and subsequently accompanies overt motor execution is ideally suited to planning and guiding actions. Recently, it has been suggested a possible involvement of PPS in the guidance of motor interactions between individuals. In social psychology, the space around the body is termed interpersonal space (IPS), defined as the area individuals maintain around themselves into which others cannot intrude without arousing discomfort. Because of some similarities between the PPS and IPS constructs, some authors have raised the question of whether they share some functional features. The second aim of my thesis is to test this hypothesis by taking advantage of another PPS remapping, namely that one induces by tool-use. The results of the second study (Chapter IV) show that “standard” tool-use ‘extends’ PPS, as measured by reaching distance toward a peer, but does not affect IPS, as measured by the comfort distance toward the same peer. In the third investigation (Chapter V), we introduced a novel form of “social” tool-use setting to test for both sensorimotor and social plasticity of the two spaces. The findings that social tool–use ‘extends’ PPS and ‘reduces’ IPS, inducing opposite changes on each representation, clearly disconfirms the hypothesis . that there might be functional overlap between these sectors of space. Such examples of functional dissociation may therefore be sufficient to warn scholars to refrain from risky conflations between the two concepts. If the assumption of functional identity with IPS does not appear to be legitimate, it is true that PPS is sensitive to social features. The last study (Chapter VII) is thus aimed at probing this sensitivity of PPS to a so far unexplored but fundamental social dimension: ownership. The results from the forth study indicate that, whether considered to be as individual or shared property, ownership of an object is critical for the PPS dynamic properties to emerge. Visual stimuli affected touch perception more strongly at the movement onset than before, but only when the object belonged to the acting participant. Interestingly, a similar remapping was found when simply observing the peer acting on her own belonging. In a follow-up experiment we investigated PPS plastic changes when property of the target object was shared between the two agents. In this case, PPS remapping emerged not only when acting in first person, but also when observing the peer acting upon the shared object. Taken together, these findings critically inform current theoretical models about space around our body and about its function in our sensorimotor and social inter-actions

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-08-15T10:46:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lucimar Maria Mota - 2014.pdf: 3179116 bytes, checksum: 19ee375f3e13b86bb539321bb8a454aa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-08-15T10:46:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lucimar Maria Mota - 2014.pdf: 3179116 bytes, checksum: 19ee375f3e13b86bb539321bb8a454aa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-15T10:46:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lucimar Maria Mota - 2014.pdf: 3179116 bytes, checksum: 19ee375f3e13b86bb539321bb8a454aa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / The observation of a significant number of Brazilians presented in poverty and misery, deprived of the opportunity to exercise the fundamental right to food, essential to life with dignity has, over the years, required by government agencies and civil society, the effectiveness of social programs of the emergency order to fight against poverty and hunger led to the poorest segments of the population. While important, these programs on the context in which they were created, failed to reverse the situation of poverty and, therefore, the disturbing problem of hunger in the country. In 2003, as part of government strategies to address poverty, the federal government implemented the Zero Hunger Program, a new perspective on hunger and poverty eradication, articulated a policy proposal on food security and nutrition. In this context and year, there is also the Mesa Brasil SESC Program (MBS), a food and nutritional program against hunger and food waste. This Mesa Brasil SESC Goiás program is the subject of this study, which was accomplished in Goiânia – headquarters of physical facilities of MBS, based on the research from 2004 to 2013. It was attempted to, as main objective, identify, from the concept of food and nutrition security that is based on the principles of sufficiency, quality and adequacy, the measures adopted by the MSB against hunger and against food waste, and are implemented in a transverse perspective, educational and cultural activities in the social field space / social space food. Linking theory and methodology, we have used sociocultural theory of Bourdieu promoting understanding, through his concepts of field and habitus of the food, the set of values, ideas, beliefs and symbols that shape practices and educational initiatives developed by MBS. In an interaction of the concept of social field food, Bourdieu was used again, the theory to understand the representation was from Poulain to understand the representation of the practices and hierarchical and reciprocal social relationships that are built around food. This concept of social space and social dimensions of food in this space (of edatable, the food system, the space eater, consumer habits and the temporality of food), allowed to identify all these articulated and configured in the social space of MBS dimensions. The study of the case as a method of empirical research has favored the simultaneous use of different techniques and research tools allowed to cross and compare information, confirm and analyze together with the individual, and the individual with together, showing multiple situations, social and cultural relations that are structured within the space of MBS. The results of this work indicate significant advances of Mesa Brazil Sesc Goiás Programme according to their objectives and also challenges. Challenges, most of the time, with structural solutions. / A constatação da existência de um contingente expressivo de brasileiros submetidos a situação de pobreza e miséria, destituídos da possibilidade de exercer o direito humano básico à alimentação, fundamental à existência com dignidade, tem-se, ao longo dos anos, requerido por parte dos órgãos governamentais e sociedade civil organizada, a efetivação de programas sociais de ordem emergencial no combate à pobreza e à fome, direcionados aos segmentos mais pobres da população brasileira. Ainda que importantes, esses programas, no contexto em que foram criados, não conseguiram reverter o quadro da pobreza e, consequentemente, o problema inquietante da fome no país. Em 2003, no âmbito das estratégias governamentais de enfrentamento à pobreza, o governo federal implantou o Programa Fome Zero, uma nova perspectiva de combate à fome e de erradicação da pobreza, articulada a uma proposta política de segurança alimentar e nutricional. Nesse contexto e ano, surge também o Programa Mesa Brasil SESC (MBS), um programa de segurança alimentar e nutricional contra a fome e o desperdício de alimentos. O Programa Mesa Brasil SESC Goiás é o objeto deste trabalho, realizado em Goiânia – sede das instalações físicas do MBS, tendo como marco de investigação o período de 2004 a 2013. Buscou-se, como objetivo principal, identificar, a partir da concepção de segurança alimentar e nutricional, que tem como base os princípios da suficiência, da qualidade e da adequação, as medidas adotadas pelo MBS contra a fome e o desperdício de alimentos e, ainda como são concretizadas, numa perspectiva transversal, as ações educativas e culturais neste espaço social alimentar. Articulando teoria e metodologia, recorreu-se à teoria sociocultural de Bourdieu buscando compreender, por meio dos seus conceitos de campo e habitus alimentar, o conjunto de valores, ideias, crenças e símbolos que estruturam as ações e práticas educativas desenvolvidas pelo MBS. Numa interação do conceito de campo social alimentar de Bourdieu, recorreu-se ainda, à teoria de Poulain para entender a representação das práticas e relações sociais hierárquicas e de reciprocidade que se constroem em torno da alimentação. Seu conceito de espaço social alimentar e as dimensões sociais da alimentação nesse espaço (do comestível, do sistema alimentar, espaço do comedor, dos hábitos de consumo e da temporalidade alimentar), permitiram identificar essas várias dimensões articuladas e configuradas no espaço social alimentar do MBS. O estudo de caso, como método de investigação empírica, favoreceu a utilização simultânea de diferentes técnicas e instrumentos de pesquisa, as quais permitiram cruzar e comparar informações, comparar e analisar o todo com o particular, e vice-versa, mostrando múltiplas situações e as relações sociais e culturais que se estruturam no interior do espaço social do MBS. Os resultados deste trabalho apontam significativos avanços do Programa Mesa Brasil SESC Goiás em relação a seus objetivos e também seus desafios. Desafios estes, em sua maioria, na dependência de soluções estruturais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T12:12:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Carolina Bracco Delgado de Aguilar1.pdf: 11703858 bytes, checksum: 3f459f6ba3df2cab990ab6f156ab0f2c (MD5) Carolina Bracco Delgado de Aguilar2.pdf: 9685198 bytes, checksum: 3c69eabf3c00a7b1724cf08767721bd6 (MD5) Carolina Bracco Delgado de Aguilar3.pdf: 19523517 bytes, checksum: dd0fcdb016e06bcb83951aa3e40b654d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work focus on social aspects of urban space, and it‟s producing by the interaction of ground circulation, employment and occupation, and theirs impacts on the environment. It is considered that the network of urban infrastructure, especially those linked to traffic and transport of people and merchandise, interferes significantly on the production of new sites and locations, including the production of urban space in accordance to the interests and conflicts of theirs actors. This process is framed by analyzing the urban space production on São Paulo City metropolitan region, focusing the circulation traffic system and the urban sprawl toward country areas. The specific interest of this research is the perimetrical ring road named Rodoanel Mário Covas, whose Southern Section is being built by crossing water springs protection areas in São Paulo, and is setting up conflicts of interests between circulation benefits and environmental protection. This section, that is, the Lot Two, is located in São Bernardo do Campo country region, where it links the Anchieta and Imigrantes Highways; over this point of view, São Bernardo do Campo is a singular city on this hole project, since it is the unique city on whose region two highways access roads are being built. A new law about spring field protection, recently approved, works on this subject, and it seeks to discipline the urban space in partnership with the municipality. From the understanding of a real processes under way, the impasses and the prospects that arise from the production of urban space and the resulting transformation of the landscape in the area of interest of this research, looks forward to contribute to the formulation of urban and environmental policies in support to the management of urban space / Este trabalho trata da produção social do espaço urbano a partir da relação entre circulação, uso e ocupação do solo e meio ambiente. Considera-se que a implantação das redes de infraestrutura urbana, especialmente aquelas ligadas à circulação e transporte, interfere consideravelmente na produção de novas localidades, induzindo a produção do espaço urbano de acordo com os interesses e conflitos entre os atores que o produzem. Esse processo é contextualizado por meio da análise da produção do espaço urbano na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, enfatizando o sistema de circulação e a expansão da mancha urbana em direção às áreas de mananciais, particularmente o processo recente de implementação de parte da futura via perimetral o Rodoanel Mário Covas. Neste contexto, o Rodoanel é caracterizado, com enfoque especial no Trecho Sul, por atravessar as áreas de proteção dos mananciais na porção sul da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, estabelecendo um conflito entre circulação e proteção ambiental. No âmbito deste trecho encontra-se o Lote 2, localizado em São Bernardo do Campo, que interliga as rodovias Anchieta e Imigrantes, único município com duas alças de acesso ao empreendimento viário. A aprovação recente de uma nova lei de proteção dos mananciais incorpora este empreendimento, mas também busca disciplinar a ocupação do espaço urbano em parceria com o município. A partir da compreensão dos processos reais em curso, dos impasses e das perspectivas que se colocam sobre a produção do espaço urbano e, consequentemente da transformação da paisagem na área de influência do lote 2 no município de São Bernardo do Campo, busca-se contribuir para a formulação de políticas urbanas e ambientais articuladas, em prol da gestão do espaço urbano

L’ancienne phtisie pulmonaire, maladie sociale excellence au XIXème siècle, est encore, au début du XXème siècle, empreinte d’un fort imaginaire commun associé à la misère sociale. Cette thèse analyse l’inscription de cette maladie dans l’espace social barcelonais des années 1930, et pour ce faire, elle cherche à prendre en compte les multiples acceptions de la tuberculose, mêlant discours des médecins et vécu des patients.Avec la découverte du bacille de Koch en 1882, le microbe apparait comme l’unique cause de la tuberculose, ce qui suppose une redéfinition de la lutte antituberculeuse, désormais concentrée sur l’élimination de l’agent contagieux. Bien plus qu’auparavant, la tuberculose est alors associée aux recoins poussiéreux et à l’environnement insalubre comme à la promiscuité. A Barcelone entre 1929 et 1936, les autorités catalanes se concentrent sur la mise en place d’une lutte préventive qui vise à extirper le microbe de certains logements précisément identifiés dans la ville.La tuberculose est également une maladie sociale qui caractérise un groupe d’individus et l’isole du reste de la société. Outre une réflexion sur la construction sociale d’une catégorie homogène autour du dénominateur commun que constitue le microbe, cette thèse a pour but de prendre en compte la réalité vécue des individus malades soignés dans les dispensaires, hôpitaux et sanatoria gratuits et de comprendre leur intégration dans le panorama social barcelonais à cette époque. Il apparait dès lors que ces tuberculeux sont souvent des actifs avec une position sociale précaire liée à une moindre intégration dans la ville, sans être pour autant complètement « isolés » socialement. C’est la déclaration de la maladie qui les fait « basculer » dans un groupe d’exclus sociaux pris en charge médicalement.Mais plus qu’un identifiant commun, la tuberculose est surtout un vécu personnel. Le malade est un acteur essentiel de sa maladie comme de sa guérison et son parcours met au jour une pratique de la lutte qui permet de redéfinir par le bas les structures de soins, et la logique médicale moderne telle qu’elle est évoquée dans les discours. Enfin, ces parcours individuels de malades dans la capitale catalane brouillent surtout la catégorie unifiée et homogène mettant en avant des préoccupations personnelles qui dépassent l’exigence de santé et l’absolue nécessité de se prémunir contre le microbe, laissant apparaitre des visions divergentes de la lutte contre la maladie à la même époque. / « Consumption », a major concern of the late 19th century, was still a disease associated with misery in the collective imagination of the early 20th century. The present dissertation focuses on consumption in the Barcelonian social space of the 1930s: it seeks to circumscribe the multiple meanings of tuberculosis which emerge from medical discourse as well as from the patients’ experience.The discovery of the Koch bacillus in 1882 entailed a redefinition of the fight against tuberculosis, as the bacillus came to be seen as the single cause of the disease. Since priority was given to the eradication of the contagious agent, tuberculosis was more than before associated with dust, unsanitary and crowded environments. From 1929 to 1936, the Catalan authorities in Barcelona concentrated on preventive action, which consisted in the extirpation of the Koch bacillus from housing in some areas that were precisely identified.Besides the analysis of tuberculosis as a homogeneous social construct, the present dissertation takes the patients’ points of view into account. Tuberculosis is a social disease that characterises a group of individuals and isolates them from the rest of society. A focus on individuals who were treated in a network of free dispensaries, hospitals and sanatoriums helps us understand their position in the social landscape of Barcelona at that time : prior to being diagnosed with tuberculosis, the patients had been working and were often marginally integrated to the city’s life without being altogether socially isolated. Contracting the disease is what downgraded them to the category of medically treated paupers.More than a common status though, tuberculosis was a personal experience for the individuals struggling against the disease and getting cured. The latter’s clinical files provide a bottom-up perspective on medical institutions and on the logics of modern medical discourse. The patients’ individual trajectories in the capital of Catalonia further blur the unified and homogeneous reference to tuberculosis, as they give priority to personal concerns over health requirements and over the absolute necessity of the fight against the bacillus, thus revealing diverging contemporary understandings of the fight against tuberculosis. / La antes denominada tisis pulmonar, enfermedad social por excelencia del siglo XIX, sigue siendo, aun en el siglo XX, empreñada de un fuerte imaginario común asociado a la miseria social. Esa tesis doctoral pretende analizar la inscripción de esta enfermedad en el espacio social barcelonés de los años 1930 y con este fin toma en cuenta las múltiples acepciones de la tuberculosis, entremezclando discursos de los médicos y vivencias de los pacientes.Con el descubrimiento del bacilo de Koch en 1882, el microbio se convierte en la única causa de la enfermedad lo cual supone una redefinición de la lucha antituberculosa, ahora directamente orientada hacia la eliminación del agente contagioso. Aun más que antes, la tuberculosis es entonces asociada al rincón polvoriento, al ambiente insalubre y el hacinamiento. En Barcelona entre 1929 y 1936 las autoridades catalanas se concentran en el establecimiento de una lucha preventiva que aspira a extirpar el germen de ciertas viviendas precisamente identificadas en la ciudad.La tuberculosis también es una enfermedad social que caracteriza a un grupo de individuos aislándolo del resto de la sociedad. Además de una reflexión sobre la construcción social de una categoría homogénea alrededor del denominador común que constituye el microbio, esa tesis tiene como objetivo realzar la realidad vivida por los individuos enfermos curados en los dispensarios, hospitales y sanatorios gratuitos, así como entender sus maneras de desenvolverse en el panorama social barcelonés en esa época. Así aparece que los tuberculosos suelen ser unos activos con una posición social precaria, vinculada a una menor integración en la ciudad, sin ser por lo tanto completamente aislados socialmente. Es la declaración de la enfermedad la que les hace “bascular” en un grupo de excluidos sociales asumidos como tales por las autoridades médicas.Pero, más que un identificador común, la tuberculosis es sobre todo una vivencia personal. El enfermo es un actor esencial de su enfermedad tanto como de su curación, y su recorrido muestra una práctica de la lucha que permite redefinir desde abajo las estructuras asistenciales y la lógica médica moderna tal como es evocada en los discursos. Por fin, los recorridos individuales de enfermos en Barcelona nublan sobre todo la percepción de una categoría unificada y homogénea, realzando las preocupaciones personales que se sobreponen a la exigencia de salud, o a la absoluta necesidad de prevenirse frente al germen, dejando ver visiones discrepantes de la lucha contra la enfermedad.

Ce travail a pour objet une étude théorique des formes de société politique et des contraintes de production de leur unité collective. Le questionnement qui l’anime interroge les modalités de base génératrices d’une dimension collective, par laquelle faire tenir les agents sociaux ensemble, dans un espace commun. Ces formes sont considérées à partir de l’enseignement apporté par l’œuvre de Marcel Gauchet. Les travaux de ce dernier ont approfondi les modes différenciés de structuration de l’existence collective, selon le déploiement d’un fonctionnement autonome des collectivités humaines-sociales, par extraction hors de l’hétéronomie. Autour de l’instauration et de la modification possible des configurations d’un espace humain-social, il s’agit de s’interroger spécifiquement sur les contraintes de mise en forme, inhérentes aux possibilités de déploiement de cet espace. Cette formation interne sera appréhendée par un angle dynamique, issu des travaux fournis par l’œuvre morphologique de René Thom. Au travers de la théorie des catastrophes (TC), il a dressé une liste de formes stables et de processus de changement, instables dans le temps, mais robustes dans les dimensions qui en permettent le déploiement. Depuis l’analyse d’un système dynamique nécessaire à l’intelligence de ce déploiement, une articulation problématique se découvre : l’organisation de la dimension collective dans l’immanence, et la gestion politique de la dimension historique, incitent à questionner l’historicité interne des collectivités, à partir de la notion de processus morphologique et selon les déformations que ce processus peut connaître. Les éclairages que cette notion de processus apporte, indiquent l’effectivité d’un travail de la forme, dans l’étude du tenir ensemble des collectivités politiques. / This work aims to understand the way societies are shaped and to identify the constraints within they move themselves. It tries to answer the question of how social agents turn out to act collectively in shared social space, in other words to make society. This work take forms into account following Marcel Gauchet’s work. Indeed Marcel Gauchet has managed to grasp the differentiated patterns structuring collective life, characterising them as resulting from the deployment of an autonomous functioning of human-social communities, by extraction from heteronomy. The present work goes on step further and, considering the establishment and possible change of the configurations of a human-social space, it wonders about the constraining framework of the formation of this space. This internal shaping is looked into from René Thom’s morphological approach. Indeed, through his Catastrophe Theory (CT), René Thom compiled a list of stable forms and processes of change, unstable over time, but steady as far as the conditions of their formation are concerned. It accentuates the core issue: the organization of the collective dimension through immanence, and the political management of the historical dimension drive us to examine the inner historicity of communities from the concept of morphological process and according to the distortions it may undergo. This concept proves useful to understand the morphological dynamic which enable communities to hold together.

Multifunctional centre is standing in Brno, Masaryk quarter. Originally military objects will be use like space for meeting of local population, cultural events and activities for people of all age groups. Currently it will be use like Kraví hora park background. This park is in the immediate neighbourhood.

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