Este estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa-empírica, buscando verificar o olhar dos professores da rede municipal de ensino de São Paulo a respeito do movimento de inclusão escolar. Entendendo que o olhar refere-se a concepções e idéias que norteiam o processo, foram definidos os termos mais utilizados pela área educacional concernentes à inclusão e, a partir daí, verificou-se qual a compreensão dos professores acerca desses termos. Para a análise de tais termos, foram utilizadas as definições formuladas por Mazzotta. Outro aspecto observado na presente pesquisa foi o posicionamento dos professores em relação aos auxílios e encaminhamentos prestados aos alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais, tomando como base o tipo de formação e experiência desses professores. Tal observação partiu da premissa de que o conhecimento e domínio conceitual podem auxilia-los no entendimento e na avaliação das necessidades dos alunos. O trabalho demonstra a necessidade de ampliação da formação dos professores, para uma melhor compreensão dos termos, conceitos e propostas pedagógicas. Entretanto, nota-se que apenas a formação teórica não é suficiente para impulsionar mudanças na postura profissional. A formação deve possibilitar e impulsionar uma maior interação teoria/prática pedagógica, a partir da qual os professores poderão buscar novas soluções para problemas enfrentados no cotidiano da sala de aula. Além da formação ampliada, é necessário que os profissionais da educação tenham apoio, em termos de recursos materiais e humanos, para desenvolverem um trabalho satisfatório nas escolas, de modo a promover uma educação realmente inclusiva. De acordo com o estudo, os professores estão desestimulados e descrentes da proposta inclusiva, porque na maioria das vezes não têm apoio material e nem pedagógico para desenvolver tal proposta. Por outro lado, verificou-se que há disposição entre os professores para incluir os alunos com NEE nas classes comuns, acatando a diversidade. Optou-se, ainda, por realizar uma breve análise da legislação a respeito da educação especial e conhecer em que medida ela contempla os princípios da escola inclusiva. A expressão educação especial foi utilizada por ainda ser esse o termo empregado para indicar o campo privilegiado para as discussões em torno da integração e inclusão escolar. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, foi formulado um questionário a fim de obter as opiniões dos professores acerca da proposta inclusiva. O questionário também subsidiou o entendimento das atitudes dos professores em relação ao aluno com necessidades educacionais especiais, incluídos na sala regular. / The present work deals with empiric research in search of the view of teachers that work for the municipal school-system in São Paulo, concerning the movement of educational inclusion. Perceiving such view refers to conceptions and ideas that guide the process. The most widely used terms employed by the educational area regarding inclusion were defined, and starting from that definition, the teachers understanding concerning such terms were verified. Another aspect observed in this work was the teachers standpoint in relation to the assistance and consideration given to students with special educational needs, using the teachers formation and experience as basis. Such observation started with the premise that conceptual knowledge and command can help towards understanding and assessing the students needs. The present work demonstrates the need to widen the teachers formation so as to include better comprehension of pedagogical terms, concepts and proposals. However, it can be perceived that theoretical formation is not enough to bring forth changes in the professional stance. Such formation should enable and stimulate a greater pedagogical theoretical/practical interaction from which the teachers can pursue new solutions to problems encountered in the daily functions of the classroom. Besides expanding formation, it is necessary for professional educators to receive support concerning material and personal resources to develop satisfactory work at the schools, thus promoting real inclusive education. In accordance with the present study, the teachers are unstimulated and unbelieving concerning the inclusive proposal because for the most part they do not have material support or pedagogical support in order to develop such a proposal. On the other hand, it was seen that teachers are predisposed to include special needs students into general classes, hence complying with diversity. Furthermore, a brief analysis of the legislation concerning special education was done in order to understand what dimension it considers regarding the principles of inclusive education. The expression special education was employed because it still is the commonly used term that indicates the preferential field for discussions on educational integration and inclusion. A Questionnaire form was used to collect data in order to gather opinions of the teachers regarding the inclusion proposal. The questionnaire also aided to understand the teachers attitudes in relation to students with special educational needs that are included in regular classrooms.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-10-31T19:18:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - M?nica Alves de Matos Pereira.pdf: 1727048 bytes, checksum: 2731519582f201d9a22fbcca950c3876 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-31T19:18:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - M?nica Alves de Matos Pereira.pdf: 1727048 bytes, checksum: 2731519582f201d9a22fbcca950c3876 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-25 / CAPES / In this work we present our first considerations about inclusive education and its relation between the Public Politics Towards Education (PPTE) and democratization in school. So, we bring to debate an analysis over the process of democratization in schools for everybody. We have noticed that the organization of a school to promote the diversity of students may develop into important experiences for the upbringing of students in terms of intellectuality, socialization and cultural aspects among those who take part in the process of teaching and learning, overcoming the cases of segregation still found in many institutions and in the practicing of the professionals of education for those who need special care. In this sense, we try to think over this reality in ?Col?gio T?cnico da UFRRJ? through the establishment of guidelines and actions found in the welcoming of these students so as to guarantee their access and stableness as well as in the claiming of the existence of an institutional politics to keep their upbringing. It is worthy standing out that the existence of such politics do not depend on the presence of anyone with special needs since schools in general are supposed to assure the access to an education regardless of any distinction, or discrimination, so all students can gain knowledge. So, it is important anyway to establish ways of identifying students with special needs and insert them in the process of gaining such knowledge. The general aim of this work is to point out the democratic process in modern teaching institutions in Brazil with an emphasis on the inclusion of students who have special needs in ?Col?gio T?cnico da UFRRJ? by taking into account how to implement the guidelines and actions to achieve that. Necessarily this composition for a master course focus on a critical and reflexive view to treat this subject of study. We have established categories of studying according to the questions raised such as ?Is there actually any politics for the welcoming of students with special needs ??, ?What are the necessary guidelines and actions to make them come true ??, ?How to organize all the demands to achieve this social inclusion within a teaching institution??. Finally, we emphasize that it is useless to think of any model for education in all these levels as if it could easily solve the problem of exclusion in schools. / Neste trabalho apresentamos nossas reflex?es iniciais sobre a educa??o inclusiva, e sua rela??o entre as Pol?ticas P?blicas de educa??o e democratiza??o da escola. Assim, trazemos ao debate a reflex?o sobre a escola democr?tica, portanto para todos. Percebemos que a organiza??o da escola para o atendimento da diversidade dos estudantes pode proporcionar formativas experi?ncias intelectuais, sociais e culturais entre aqueles que participam do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, superando o atendimento segregado, ainda hoje presente nas institui??es e nas pr?ticas dos profissionais da educa??o especial, ocorrendo ? margem do processo educativo. Nesse sentido, buscamos refletir sobre a realidade do processo de democratiza??o do Col?gio T?cnico da UFRRJ atrav?s da caracteriza??o das diretrizes e a??es presentes na pol?tica da institui??o para o acolhimento das demandas educacionais e pedag?gicas dos estudantes com necessidades especiais, nos permitindo compreender as estrat?gias de acesso e perman?ncia dos mesmos, o que poder? afirmar a exist?ncia de uma pol?tica institucional para o acolhimento destes estudantes. ? valido ressaltar que a presen?a da pol?tica institucional n?o depende da presen?a dos estudantes com necessidades especiais, uma vez que a escola deve assegurar a todos os seus estudantes, sem que exista distin??o, oportunidades de aprendizagem considerando suas diferentes demandas pedag?gicas e educacionais. Assim, torna-se necess?rio que se estabele?am mecanismos que permitam a identifica??o das poss?veis necessidades especiais que alguns estudantes possuam. Considerando a problematiza??o em tela, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi: Caracterizar o processo de democratiza??o da escola contempor?nea brasileira, com ?nfase no processo de inclus?o de estudantes com necessidades educacionais especiais, com base nas experi?ncias de uma escola de Educa??o Profissional; Caracterizar o processo de inclus?o de estudantes com necessidades especiais no Col?gio T?cnico da UFRRJ (CTUR), considerando as diretrizes e a??es implementadas (ou em implementa??o) em sua pol?tica institucional. Necessariamente, esta disserta??o de mestrado se articulou de maneira cr?tico-reflexiva por quest?es acerca da democratiza??o da escola e as pol?ticas institucionais com vistas ? organiza??o da escola inclusiva. Para tal, estabelecemos categorias de estudo, refletidas ? luz do pensamento de Adorno, tais como: Existe uma pol?tica institucional no CTUR para o acolhimento de estudantes com necessidades especiais? Quais s?o as diretrizes e a??es desta pol?tica? Existem, no contexto do Projeto Pol?tico-Pedag?gico da institui??o, propostas organizacionais que possibilitem o atendimento ?s demandas educacionais presentes na diversidade dos estudantes, inclusive dos que possuem necessidades especiais?entre outras. Nas considera??es finais, enfatizamos que n?o se pode pensar a educa??o inclusiva como um novo modelo de educa??o para os estudantes com necessidades especiais, pois s? incluir este estudante na escola regular n?o resolve a quest?o da exclus?o.

Denna studie syftar till att fördjupa förståelsen för skolsituationen hos elever i behov utav särskilt stöd, de elever som utgör diskussion i elevhälsoteam samt de elever som har någon form av diagnos. Studien antar en kvalitativ forskningsansats. Skolsituationen hos elever i behov utav särskilt stöd undersöks utifrån ett lärarperspektiv. Resultaten visar att elevernas identitetsskapande kännetecknas av individualitet. Centrala aspekter av elevernas identitetsskapande är vilken typ av svårigheter som eleven har och vilket stöd eleven får. En eventuell diagnos har stor inverkan på elevens identitetsskapande och påverkar även lärares förväntningar och krav. I mötet med elever i behov utav särskilt stöd är det viktigt att lärare är medvetna om sin roll och hur deras bemötande påverkar eleven. / The purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of the school situation for students with special needs, students who are talked about in prereferral teams and students who have some form of diagnosis. The study uses a qualitative research approach and the school situation for students with special needs is examined through a teacher’s perspective. The study shows that the students’ identity formation is characterized by individuality. Key aspects of the students’ identity formation are the specific difficulties that the student has and what type of support the student receives. If the student has a diagnosis, this has a major impact on the student’s identity formation and also affects teachers’ expectations and demands. It is important for teachers’ to be aware of their role and their perceptions of students with special needs and how this affects the students.

Pastaruoju metu Lietuvoje atlikta nemažai tyrimų, kuriuose gilinamasi į specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių mokinių ugdymosi veiksmingumą, mokytojų gebėjimą ugdyti specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių mokinius, atkreiptas dėmesys į specialiųjų pedagogų darbo kokybę. Tačiau išsamiau specialiojo pedagogo darbas kol kas nenagrinėtas. Iškelta hipotezė, kad bendrojo lavinimo mokyklos mokytojai, SUP mokinių tėvai ir patys specialieji pedagogai ne visada palankiai žiūri į specialiojo pedagogo darbą, kartais išsako kritinį požiūrį; specialiojo pedagogo darbas dar ne visiškai tenkina mokytojų ir tėvų lūkesčius. Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas - atskleisti, kaip specialiojo pedagogo darbą vertina individualizuoto ugdymo proceso dalyviai (mokytojai, tėvai, specialieji pedagogai). Antriniai (gretutiniai tikslai) - įvertinti specialiojo pedagogo teikiamą pagalbą kiekybiniu aspektu, nustatyti silpniausias specialiosios pedagoginės pagalbos sritis ir būdus specialiojo pedagogo pagalbos efektyvumui didinti. Tyrimo duomenys analizuojami statistiniais metodais (aprašomoji statistika, faktorinė analizė). Tyrime dalyvavo 60 Šiaulių ir 40 Rokiškio rajonų bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų mokytojų, 100 Šiaulių rajono bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų SP mokinių tėvų, 30 Šiaulių ir 20 Rokiškio rajonų bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų specialiųjų pedagogų Svarbiausios empirinio tyrimo išvados: 1. Specialiųjų pedagogų veiklos turinys bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje labai įvairus. Ypač svarbi veiklos sritis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Teachers, where cultivate students of the special needs education, their parents and special teachers value special teacher’s work. Three groups of respondents answered the questions of the forms. Masters’ work author raised the hypothesis, that special teacher work at the general education school stimulant teachers’ work efficiency, parents’- activity to participate in the special education process. But special teacher’ work doesn’t always satisfy meet the teachers and parents requirements. Teachers valued special teachers’ assistance to make individual programs, to consult about students special needs education. Parents valued special teacher’s assistance for their children in the individual lessons and special teachers’ consults. Special teachers’ valued their own abilities to work as special teachers, their assistance and consults for teachers, students with special needs education and their parents. The essential work sphere and consulting parents, who have children with special needs and teachers, who work with this children. Teachers value special teachers’ work well (consultations, communication, estimation of students special needs). And not sufficient well – help to adaptation content, application methods. Students’ with special needs parents only give information for teachers, but often they don’t undestand information about special education process. Facts of the farms showed, parents value special teachers’ work well, special teachers’ value their own... [to full text]

Darbe remiamasi metodiniais teoriniais G.Allport, B.G.Ananjev‘o, E.Aronson‘o, M.Betensky, L.I.Božovič, U.Džeims‘o, A.Maslow, D.G.Myers, V.V.Stolin‘o savęs vertinimo ir Dž.Allan‘o, R.Buckland, S.Ignatjev‘o, K.G.Jung‘o, M.Kiseliov‘os, A.Kopytin‘o, L.Lebedev‘os, A.Piličiausko, N.O.Sučkov‘os ir A.Vaitkevičienės dailės terapijos pagrindais. Savęs vertinimo mokslinės literatūros analizė parodė, jog dėl paauglystę lydinčių fizinių ir emocinių organizmo pasikeitimų kyla įvairių psichologinių problemų, tarp jų - savęs vertinimo sutrikimų. Savęs vertinimas tuo metu yra ne iki galo suvoktas ir labai prieštaringas. Jį sąlygoja savo, kaip mokinio, veiklos ir rezultatų suvokimas bei aplinkinių vertinimas. Kadangi didžiąją laiko dalį paaugliai praleidžia grupėje, savęs vertinimui daug reikšmės turi ir socialinis statusas klasėje. Dėl šių priežasčių specialiųjų ugdymo(si) poreikių turintys mokiniai, kurie nuolat patiria mokymosi problemų ir socialinę atskirtį klasėje, dažnai vertina save neadekvačiai ar turi žemą savęs vertinimą. Tiriant, kaip dailės terapija veikia 5-6 klasių mokinių, turinčių specialiųjų ugdymo(si) poreikių, savęs vertinimą, buvo atlikti kiekybinis ir kokybinis tyrimai. Kiekybinio tyrimo metu nustatytas 5-6 klasių mokinių globalaus, diferencijuoto bei konkrečių veiksmų lygių požiūrio į save ir savęs vertinimo laipsnių vidurkiai. Po to jie palyginti su atitinkamais dailės terapijos grupės narių požiūrio į save bei savęs vertinimo parametrais. Taikant įvairius... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The work is based on methodical theoretical ideas of self-appraisal by G.Allporty, B.G.Ananjev, E.Aronson, M.Betensky, L.I.Božovič, U.Džeims, A.Maslow, D.G.Myers, V.V.Stolin and on the art therapy‘s background by Dž.Allan, R.Buckland, S.Ignatjev, K,G.Jung, M.Kiseliov, A.Kopytin, L.Lebedev, A.Piličiausko, N.O.Sučkov, A.Vaitkevičienės. The analysis of the scientific literature of the self-esteem elicited a fact that physical and emotional changes at the age of adolescence cause the variety of psycological problems including the self-appraisal‘s disbalance. The sense of the self-appraisal at that period of life is not completely recognised and is quite controversial. It is conditioned by the self-evaluating his/her success being a student and the evaluation of their results and abilities by their associates.( the assessment made by adults and by children of his/her own age ) Seeing that teenagers spend most time in a group, the social status in the class plays the major role in the self-assesment. For these reasons the students with special needs, that permanently experience learning problems and feel socially isolated, often evaluate themselves unequal or have the low sense of self-esteem. To find how the art therapy affects the self-esteem of the students with special needs in year 5-6 there was carried out the qualitative and quantitative research. During the quantitative research fulfilled with the students in year 5-6 there were measured the averages of a global and... [to full text]

The purpose of this study has been to contribute knowledge to research in the leisure area. The study has focused on leisure staff without college education. The aim was to determine how they interpreted and worked with the concept of inclusion for pupils with special needs. This has been done using a qualitative research methodology and a case study. Interviews have used as a data collection technique. The theoretical framework from which the study was examined were three different definitions of the concept of inclusion; the placement-oriented, the individual-oriented and the communityoriented. In this framework, there are two special pedagogical perspectives that is; the categorical and the relative perspective.  In the result, it was found that leisure time staff associate the concept of inclusion with the adaptations they make for pupils in need of support. Which suggests an individual-oriented definition of inclusion. Their way of working showed two directions in the result. The one against the individual-oriented and the other community-oriented. The challenges that existed were that the number of pupils in the groups were many and that made hard to see pupil and hence created a stressful environment.

Este estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa-empírica, buscando verificar o olhar dos professores da rede municipal de ensino de São Paulo a respeito do movimento de inclusão escolar. Entendendo que o olhar refere-se a concepções e idéias que norteiam o processo, foram definidos os termos mais utilizados pela área educacional concernentes à inclusão e, a partir daí, verificou-se qual a compreensão dos professores acerca desses termos. Para a análise de tais termos, foram utilizadas as definições formuladas por Mazzotta. Outro aspecto observado na presente pesquisa foi o posicionamento dos professores em relação aos auxílios e encaminhamentos prestados aos alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais, tomando como base o tipo de formação e experiência desses professores. Tal observação partiu da premissa de que o conhecimento e domínio conceitual podem auxilia-los no entendimento e na avaliação das necessidades dos alunos. O trabalho demonstra a necessidade de ampliação da formação dos professores, para uma melhor compreensão dos termos, conceitos e propostas pedagógicas. Entretanto, nota-se que apenas a formação teórica não é suficiente para impulsionar mudanças na postura profissional. A formação deve possibilitar e impulsionar uma maior interação teoria/prática pedagógica, a partir da qual os professores poderão buscar novas soluções para problemas enfrentados no cotidiano da sala de aula. Além da formação ampliada, é necessário que os profissionais da educação tenham apoio, em termos de recursos materiais e humanos, para desenvolverem um trabalho satisfatório nas escolas, de modo a promover uma educação realmente inclusiva. De acordo com o estudo, os professores estão desestimulados e descrentes da proposta inclusiva, porque na maioria das vezes não têm apoio material e nem pedagógico para desenvolver tal proposta. Por outro lado, verificou-se que há disposição entre os professores para incluir os alunos com NEE nas classes comuns, acatando a diversidade. Optou-se, ainda, por realizar uma breve análise da legislação a respeito da educação especial e conhecer em que medida ela contempla os princípios da escola inclusiva. A expressão educação especial foi utilizada por ainda ser esse o termo empregado para indicar o campo privilegiado para as discussões em torno da integração e inclusão escolar. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, foi formulado um questionário a fim de obter as opiniões dos professores acerca da proposta inclusiva. O questionário também subsidiou o entendimento das atitudes dos professores em relação ao aluno com necessidades educacionais especiais, incluídos na sala regular. / The present work deals with empiric research in search of the view of teachers that work for the municipal school-system in São Paulo, concerning the movement of educational inclusion. Perceiving such view refers to conceptions and ideas that guide the process. The most widely used terms employed by the educational area regarding inclusion were defined, and starting from that definition, the teachers understanding concerning such terms were verified. Another aspect observed in this work was the teachers standpoint in relation to the assistance and consideration given to students with special educational needs, using the teachers formation and experience as basis. Such observation started with the premise that conceptual knowledge and command can help towards understanding and assessing the students needs. The present work demonstrates the need to widen the teachers formation so as to include better comprehension of pedagogical terms, concepts and proposals. However, it can be perceived that theoretical formation is not enough to bring forth changes in the professional stance. Such formation should enable and stimulate a greater pedagogical theoretical/practical interaction from which the teachers can pursue new solutions to problems encountered in the daily functions of the classroom. Besides expanding formation, it is necessary for professional educators to receive support concerning material and personal resources to develop satisfactory work at the schools, thus promoting real inclusive education. In accordance with the present study, the teachers are unstimulated and unbelieving concerning the inclusive proposal because for the most part they do not have material support or pedagogical support in order to develop such a proposal. On the other hand, it was seen that teachers are predisposed to include special needs students into general classes, hence complying with diversity. Furthermore, a brief analysis of the legislation concerning special education was done in order to understand what dimension it considers regarding the principles of inclusive education. The expression special education was employed because it still is the commonly used term that indicates the preferential field for discussions on educational integration and inclusion. A Questionnaire form was used to collect data in order to gather opinions of the teachers regarding the inclusion proposal. The questionnaire also aided to understand the teachers attitudes in relation to students with special educational needs that are included in regular classrooms.

Cette recherche a pour objet l'étude de la contribution des disciplines à l'évolution des collégiens dans leur maîtrise de la langue française. La position de la France dans les évaluations PISA et les nouvelles préoccupations de l'Union Européenne en matière d'égalité des chances amènent notre système scolaire à reconsidérer la place du langage dans les enseignements. Par ailleurs, l'omniprésence du terme « langage » dans la nouvelle version du socle et la place que lui accordent les nouveaux programmes du collège depuis la rentrée 2016, confirment cette tendance. Mais tous les élèves ne développent pas les mêmes capacités ni le même rythme d’apprentissage : certains rencontrent des difficultés scolaires, d'autres, des difficultés linguistiques. Qu'entend-t-on par « maîtrise de la langue » au collège ? Quelle est la nature des obstacles rencontrés par certains collégiens ? La relation didactique qui s'établit entre élèves et enseignants dans le cadre d'activités langagières visant la maîtrise de la langue est-elle strictement spécifique à une discipline et un type de classe ou bien tisse-t-elle des formes d'ordre générique qui relèveraient du didactique ordinaire ? Nous avons analysé et comparé les interactions verbales d'un corpus de dix sept séances afin d'observer les difficultés des élèves, en situation de classe. Nous pensons que l'enseignement de la maîtrise de la langue française exige de l'élève une compréhension, à la fois, de la langue de scolarisation et du langage des disciplines. Nous pensons, par ailleurs, que l'élève doit être considéré de manière spécifique et non générique de manière à ce que les pistes proposées soient adaptées à tous. / This research deals with the way learning different school subjects is likely to help middle-school students with their proficiency in the French language. The place of France in PISA rankings and the new concerns of the European Union regarding equal opportunities have lead our school system to reconsider the position of language in the learning process. The numerous occurrences of the word “language” in the newest set of common core skills defined by the French Ministry of Education, along with its prominence in the new middle school curriculum, show how deep that concern is at the present time.But all students do not display equivalent skills, nor an ability to learn at the same pace – some of them will face difficulties, others will deal with language-related problems.What is meant by “Language proficiency” at a middle school level? What type of hurdles will be met by students in their middle school years? Is the educational relationship established between teachers and students in language activities aimed at improving language proficiency strictly relevant for a specific type of subject and school level, or does it induce generic forms common to every educational approach?We analysed and compared verbal interactions in a study pool of seventeen classroom sessions in order to examine the difficulties met by the students. We argue that teaching French language proficiency requires the students to understand both a schooling language and a subject language. We also argue that students must be considered in a specific, non-generic manner, so that the results of our research may be adapted to each and every one of them.

”To drift towards old habits” is an exploratory essay in which I examined how my practical knowledge and morally based duties affected my actions and how those led to a hard-assessed situation where I stood without knowing right from wrong. The dilemma laid in that I didn’t know whether my approach should have been based on my gathered experience and knowledge or have based on the rules and framework of the new work assignment I had accepted. By the figuration of two self-experienced situations I portrayed my work and practical knowledge through the first one, in which my assignment was to work with a student in need of extra support. That lead on to the second figuration, where this knowledge, in combination with a sense of duty, influenced my course of action even though my work assignment had changed to be a leisure time pedagogue. The main perspectives in this essay were therefore to be focused on an interpretation of practical knowledge and on how the ethics of duties are constructed. With these two perspectives my purpose was to explore how I could relate my choices of actions according to these and how they could come to affect future repertoires of actions. / ”Att glida in i gamla spår” är en utforskande essä där jag har undersökt hur min praktiska kunskap och mina moraliska plikter påverkat mitt handlande, vilket lett till en svårbedömd situation där jag inte visste vad som var rätt val att ta. Dilemmat låg i att jag inte visste om jag skulle förhålla mig till tidigare erfarenheter och kunskaper eller om jag skulle hålla mig till de regler och ramar som fanns för mitt nya arbetsuppdrag. Genom att gestalta två olika situationer målas mitt arbete och min praktiska kunskap upp i den första gestaltningen då jag arbetar som elevresurs till en elev i behov av stöd. För att sedan visa hur denna kunskap i kombination med en känsla av plikt påverkar mina val i den andra gestaltningen, där jag antagit en ny arbetsroll som lärare mot fritidshem. Huvudperspektiven i denna uppsats kom därför att rikta sig mot en tolkning av den praktiska kunskapen och hur pliktetiken utformas. Med dessa två perspektiv var syftet att undersöka hur jag förhållit mitt handlande utifrån dessa två och hur de kan komma att påverka framtida handlingsrepertoarer.

This study elaborated on the development of school counselor's feelings of self-efficacy in working with students with special needs and how self-efficacy affects school counselor's roles with students with special needs. More specifically, this study addressed a number of topics in researching the impact of pre-service training, experience and in-service training for Professional School Counselors (PSCs) on their feelings of self-efficacy in working with students with special needs. This study will present a historical review of the development of Professional School Counselor roles. In addition, an analysis of the development of comprehensive developmental guidance programs in schools and suggested frameworks was conducted including students with special needs. Also, conducted were reviews of studies conducted with Professional School Counselors (PSCs) regarding their roles with students with special needs, their feelings of preparedness, and their training; and reviews of several studies of counselor education programs in the area of special needs training and experiential opportunities offered. Lastly, the pragmatic and theory base for self-efficacy found in the literature was explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between experience with special needs, pre-service education and in-service training regarding students with special needs and counselor's self-efficacy and roles they perform with students with special needs. The research for this study was conducted by survey at the Georgia School Counselor Association's fall conference in Atlanta, Georgia; the South Carolina School Counselor Association's fall conference in Columbia, South Carolina; the North Carolina School Counselor Association's fall conference in Greensboro, North Carolina; and Florida School Counselors on Survey Monkey. The participating states counselors also had access to the survey via the internet based survey service Survey Monkey. 410 PSCs from Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Florida completed the survey. 372 of the surveys met completion criteria and were included in the survey results (N = 372). Results of a factor analysis, a descriptive statistical analysis and a multi-step regression indicated the relationship between the five of the ratings and their combinations of self-efficacy and time spent in performing roles with students with special needs had a statistically significant relationship as measured on the survey. The two types of experience and in-service quality had a statistically significant relationship with the combination rating of self-efficacy as measured on the survey. The research question is: Does pre-service training, in-service training and experience have an impact on professional school counselor's self-efficacy and whether or not they perform a role with children and adolescents with special needs. The following statements are the hypotheses for this research: There is a relationship between the two types of experience as measured by rating on the survey, pre-service training and in-service training as measured by quality and quantity on the survey, their self-efficacy in working with students with special needs as measured on the survey, and the roles that PSCs perform as measured by the frequency that they perform roles on the survey.