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Thema der Ausgabe 1(2015): Usability und User Experience Das Forschungsinformationssystem (FIS) an der TU Dresden Mit PUMa aud dem Sprung S. 5 OPAL: Aber bitte recht benutzerfreundlich! S. 6/7 In die digitale Gründerwerkstatt geschaut ... S. 13

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A transferência internacional de tecnologia é operação que serve como base para o desenvolvimento tecnológico. Muito além da dicotomia desenvolvimento autóctone versus importação de tecnologia, verificamos que a importação de tecnologia é, também, geradora de parte das condições precedentes para o desenvolvimento de inovação localmente. Componente-chave de qualquer processo de transferência de tecnologia é a efetiva transferência de habilidades e know-how intangível que assegurem a capacidade produtiva. O canal de transferência de tecnologia não é uma forma fácil de construir capacidade de inovação. Por meio deste, as conseqüências da transferência de tecnologia serão determinadas pelos objetivos gerais das corporações que contratam, os quais certamente não englobam a disseminação da tecnologia para potenciais concorrentes. Dentro do contexto de conflito tecnológico norte-sul ainda existente, a harmonização do direito da concorrência e da propriedade intelectual em torno do interesse coletivo concentra-se justamente na administração da intenção dos países detentores da tecnologia de manter o seu monopólio e acesso restrito à tecnologia e o dos países receptores de terem amplo acesso e utilização da tecnologia. A política de intensificação da transferência de tecnologia internacional depende não somente de políticas regionais e internacionais, mas também de políticas nacionais. É preciso analisar caminhos viáveis para as políticas dentro da moldura nacional e internacional existente. A industrialização brasileira orientou-se no sentido de gerar capacidade produtiva com adoção de padrões tecnológicos relativamente atrasados e imposição de elevadas barreiras à entrada, impactando significativamente a capacidade do país de gerar, transferir e introduzir inovações tecnológicas. A regulação da transferência de tecnologia que a acompanhou tinha como vetores principais a substituição de importações paralelamente a controles fiscais e cambiais dos pagamentos das contratações, como forma de promover o equilíbrio da balança de pagamentos do país. Esta permanece em vigor, com alterações mínimas. Ao Governo cabe delinear de forma mais clara em sua política industrial o tipo e maneira de controles que pretende exercer sobre a importação de tecnologia para o país, e com qual finalidade. Adicionalmente, é preciso promover uma harmonização dos vários diplomas legais incidentes na operação para que expressem coerência entre si. A coerência será atingida na medida em que se escolham os vetores definidores da regulação de forma consistente. A regulação deve concentrar-se na absorção da técnica pela mão-de-obra local, sem desestimular o fornecedor estrangeiro. Ambos objetivos serão atingidos com a (i) matização da regulação na área tributária e cambial e a (ii) promoção de maior interatividade entre a regulação pela propriedade industrial e o direito concorrencial, que devem focar nos termos das contratações. Quanto à política da concorrência, é preciso distinguir entre uma política de concorrência baseada somente em inovação e aquela baseada em disseminação da inovação. Quando se foca somente na inovação e se impede a disseminação, esquece-se de que o bônus que se concede hoje à inovação implicará um preço no futuro. Uma política de concorrência com a intenção de promover a disseminação e absorção de tecnologia não pode ser tarefa para as autoridades da área concorrencial, somente. / The international transfer of technology is an operation that serves as a basis for technological development. Well beyond the contrast indigenous development versus importation of technology, the importation of technology also generates preconditions for the development of local innovation. A key component of any transfer of technology process is the effective transfer of expertise and intangible know-how that ensure the production capacity. The transfer of technology vehicle is not a simple form of building innovation capacity. Through it, the consequences of the transfer of technology are determined by the overall purposes sought by the companies that convene this and certainly does not cover the dissemination of the technology to potential competitors. Within the context of the northsouth technological conflict that still exists, streamlining of antitrust law and of intellectual property law considering the public interest lays precisely on the management of the intention of the countries that own the technology to sustain their monopoly and restrict the access to the technology and the intention of the acquiring countries to have broad access and use of the technology. The policy of incrementing transfer of international technology depends not only on regional and international policies, but also on national policies, being necessary to analyze viable courses for the policies in the existing national and international framework. The Brazilian industrialization was guided in the direction of generation of production capacity adopting international standards that were relatively obsolete and by imposing obstacles to imports, substantially affecting the countrys capacity to generate, transfer and adopt new technologies. The technology transfer regulations that accompanied it had as its main pillars the replacement of imports and tax and currency exchange controls over the payments of the agreements to stabilize the countrys foreign trade deficit. This continues to exist, with minimal changes. It is incumbent on the Government to clearly outline in its industrial policy the type and form of the control that it intends to use in the importation of technology into Brazil and with what purpose. Further, it is necessary to harmonize the several statutes that apply to the operation so that they reflect coherency among each other. Coherence shall be attained upon selecting the vectors that define the regulation in a consistent manner. The regulation should concentrate on the absorption of the know-how by the local workers, but without discouraging the foreign supplier. Both goals would be met upon (i) softening the regulation under the tax and exchange aspects, and (ii) fostering greater interaction between the regulation in the intellectual property and antitrust laws areas, which should focus on the contractual clauses. As regards the antitrust policy, it is necessary to distinguish between an antitrust policy that is based solely on innovation and that which is based on the dissemination of the innovation. When only innovation is focused and dissemination is hindered, the bonus that is now being conferred to innovation and that will have a toll in the future is ignored. An antitrust policy that is intended to foster the dissemination and absorption of technology cannot be a task borne only by the antitrust authorities.

Thema der 2. Ausgabe: Neue Werkstoffe – leichter, flexibler, stärker... MFD: Mit Vielfalt zu innovativer Stärke... 4 News aus der Hauptstadt der Materialforschung 12/13 Immer wieder ein Hit: Dresdner Carbonbeton 16

Le projet consacré à la statique graphique étudie un aspect jusqu'ici peu exploré de l'histoire technique tchèque de la seconde moitié du XIXème au début du XXe siècle, lorsque les pays tchèques ont joué un rôle de premier plan en matière de technologie dans l'ancienne monarchie autrichienne. Une part du projet a permis de révéler le transfert de cette méthode de calcul en pratique d'ingénierie depuis son lieu d'origine, France et Suisse, vers les pays tchèques, et la contribution originale du milieu tchèque dans ce domaine. Le transfert de la statique graphique vers les pays tchèques fut effectué après sa formation dans la seconde moitié des années 1860. Le transfert culturel a prospéré grâce à la diffusion de la presse et des livres publiés principalement en allemand et, bien sûr, grâce aux contacts personnels étroits entre les conférenciers des écoles polytechniques européennes, en particulier des langues allemandes. La thèse contient également des exemples d'importants bâtiments historiques tchèques, pour lesquels la statique graphique a été utilisée pour calculer la structure. Ces calculs sont illustrés par la documentation archivistique, qui n'a pas encore été publiée. Une part de la thèse est également consacrée à la comparaison de deux méthodes de calcul de déformation des treillis (système triangulés). La première est la méthode du français V.-J. Williot, qui a été publiée en août 1878. La seconde est la méthode du professeur tchèque V. Bukovsky de janvier 1879. Comme il n'existe à l'heure actuelle aucune étude détaillée portant sur Victor-Joseph Williott ( 1843-1907), certains documents d'archives jamais publiés ont été recherchés pour illustrer sa vie. / The project of graphic statics is studying a heretofore little explored part of the Czech technical history of the second half of the 19th, and beginning of the 20th centuries, when the Czech lands held a leading role in technology in the former Austrian Monarchy. A part of the project is to reveal the transfer of this computational method in engineering practice from the place of its origin, France and Switzerland, to the Czech lands, as well as original contribution of the Czech millieu to this field. The transfer of graphic statics to the Czech lands came very soon after its formation in the second half of the 1860' s. Cultural transfer prospered thanks to the distribution of press and books published mainly in German, and, of course, thanks to the close persona) contacts among lecturers at European, especially German-speaking, polytechnic high school! The thesis also contains examples of significant Czech historical buildings, for which graphic statics was used to calculate the structure. These calculations are illustrated by archival documentation, which has not yet been published. A special part of the thesis is a comparison of two calculation methods of deformation of trusses. The first one is the method of French V.-J. Williot, which was published in August 1878. The second one is the Czech professor V. Bukovsky's method of January 1879. As no more detailed information was known about Victor-Joseph Williott ( 1843- 1907), some never published archival documents were searched to illustrate his life.

Durant les derniers siècles avant notre ère, les sociétés protohistoriques d’Europe occidentale sont successivement aux prises avec les grandes puissances méditerranéennes. Cette proximité a pu engendrer des modifications de l’armement qui sont souvent analysées dans une optique bilatérale, entre une population et Rome. Nous proposons une étude des interactions guerrières en Europe occidentale qui ne se contente pas d’analyser les échanges entre puissances méditerranéennes et populations protohistoriques mais qui prend en compte l’ensemble des armes échangées et qui essaye d’en déterminer les mécaniques. Après avoir introduit les grands groupes culturels présents dans la zone étudiée et discuté des principaux apports historiographiques, nous proposons de déterminer la place de l’armement dans les sociétés protohistoriques. En nous fondant sur une documentation abondante des contextes de découvertes fiables (environ 900), nous proposons d’analyser les dynamiques socio-culturelles inhérentes à chaque société dans leurs rapports à la guerre. Ce rapport des sociétés au fait guerrier est observé dans le temps : les modifications de ce rapport peuvent être liées à des changements propres aux groupes protohistoriques ou peuvent être mises en lien avec des bouleversements imposés par Rome. En analysant un corpus abondant d’armes (plus de 3500), nous pouvons mettre en évidence des choix particuliers à chaque groupe culturel mais également des emprunts et des adoptions. Les techniques de combats jouent un rôle essentiel dans les choix d’adopter ou non certaines armes. Cette analyse nous pousse à proposer de nouveaux moyens d’appréhender certaines problématiques depuis longtemps débattues comme le cas du glaive romain. Traiter des interactions guerrières en Europe occidentale implique d’analyser une grande variabilité de données. Ces analyses permettent de resituer plus précisément la place du fait guerrier dans les sociétés protohistoriques et de comprendre les moteurs des échanges d’armes. Elles permettent également de rendre compte et de relativiser l’impact de Rome dans le rapport des sociétés protohistoriques à la guerre ainsi que des techniques de combats des populations protohistoriques dans le système militaire romain. / During the last centuries BC, late prehistorical societies were struggled against great Mediterranean Powers. With this proximity, some weapon modifications has been seen as a one way exchange: between one people and Rome. We want to study the warfare interactions in Western Europe in a large range of possibility by the analyses of all the warlike artefacts exchanged without focusing on the Mediterranean Powers against the prehistorical peoples. Through this we can understand the warfare interactions mechanisms. Introducing the main cultural groups and discussing the history of weaponry research, we propose to understand the place of the weapon in the late prehistorical societies. Through the trustworthy discovery contexts (around 900), we want to understand the socio-cultural dynamics of each group in relation to warfare behavior. This relation will be seen during the long time to approach the modifications that are strictly from the prehistorical people or that are deliberate conducted by Rome. Through analyses of several weapons (more than 3500), we can highlight the choices of each cultural group and the adoptions. The fighting techniques are essential in the choices to adopt some weapons. This analyses leads us to propose some new ways to think about ancient issues as the roman gladius. We must use several kind of data to apprehend the warfare interaction in Western Europe. These analyses are useful to understand the warlike behavior in the societies and so the mechanics of weapon exchanges. They also permit to realize and relativize the impact of Rome, as in the rapport of the prehistorical societies to warfare, as the fighting techniques in the roman military system.

L’internationalisation des chaînes de valeur fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches macroéconomiques ou ciblées sur des secteurs majoritairement civils. En se concentrant sur l’industrie de défense, cette thèse évalue comment ce processus de fragmentation fonctionnelle et géographique peut s’appliquer à un secteur hautement régulé par les Etats et dont les échanges internationaux sont très strictement encadrés.Cette recherche apporte plusieurs estimations du niveau d’internationalisation de l’industrie navale de défense française, à partir de données originales de Naval Group. Si les programmes relatifs à la dissuasion nucléaire sont très peu internationalisés, de nombreux facteurs concourent à l’internationalisation de la filière : exigences de contenu local et transferts de technologie des clients étrangers, intégration de technologies civiles ou duales, stratégies d’internationalisation. Enfin, le recours au concept de modularité permet de montrer que l’évolution du processus productif s’accompagne souvent d’une évolution de l’architecture des produits. / Many research works have already been dedicated to the internationalization of value chains. Whereas this research is often performed through macroeconomics or focused on civilian sectors, this thesis examines how the process of functional and geographic unbundling can apply to such a regulated sector as the defense industry, where exports are strictly controlled by states.Based on original data provided by Naval Group, this dissertation set out several estimates of the internationalization level of French navy programs. Although programs related to nuclear deterrence remain almost exclusively « made in France », many factors contribute to the internationalization of value chains in the naval industry: transfer of technology, local content requirements, integration of commercial or dual-use technologies, internationalization corporate strategies. Referring to the concept of modularity, this thesis reveals that changes in production process can foster innovation in product architecture.

Thema der Ausgabe 1(2014): Innovation am Bau Bauen in neuen Dimensionen S. 4/5 Innovative Werkstoffe für effiziente Bauweise S. 8 Auf neuen Pfaden unterwegs S. 14/15:Prof. Curbach über die Zukunft des Bauens 3 Mit Carbon Concrete Composite C3 beim BMBF erfolgreich 4/5 Jetzt neu: Textilbeton im Gießverfahren 6 Zementgebundene Verbundwerkstoffe für effizientes Bauen 7/8 Frische Luft für Gebäude auf natürlichem Wege 9 Energieverluste mittels Gebäudethermografie erkennen 10/11 Energetische Sanierung: Alte Viertel mit Potential 12/13 Technologietransfer: Über 20 Jahre dabei und doch kein Oldie 14/15 Neue Ideen für die Rettung aus großen Höhen 16 Heizung effizient steuern – GPS machts möglich 17 Uni entwirft vernetzte Systeme für Gebäudeautomation 18/19 Partnerschaftlich für Energie-Management-System 20/21 Angebote für kluge Rechner 22/23 Neue Transfer-Akteure an der Exzellenzuni 24 Qualifizierter Sachverstand am Bau: IHKs beraten 25 EU-Förderung für das Haus der Zukunft 26 Transferbrief: Leser des neuen E-Journals werden 27