Studiens syfte är att bidra med kunskap om hur pedagoger i Sverige och USA uppmärksammar och resonerar kring sambandet mellan trygghet och övergångsobjekt och dess användning i förskolan. Det är en kvalitativ studie som utförts i två länder. Genom att utföra studien i två olika länder gavs en bredare syn på pedagogers resonemang kring övergångsobjekt. Metoden som användes för att samla in data var fokusgruppsintervjuer. I studien har sammanlagt elva fokusgruppsintervjuer genomförts, en fokusgrupps-intervju i USA och tio fokusgruppsintervjuer i Sverige. Sammanlagt deltog tjugotvå verksamma pedagoger, två pedagoger i USA och tjugo pedagoger i Sverige. I varje fokusgrupp deltog två pedagoger från samma avdelning. Resultatet har analyserats genom innehållsanalys. Trygghetsaspekten i studien uppkom genom och efter intervjuerna i USA därför tillkom uppfattning av trygghet i samband med datainsamlingen i Sverige. I resultatet redovisas hur pedagoger från Sverige och USA definierar övergångsobjekt samt båda ländernas förhållningssätt till användandet av övergångsobjekt i förskolan. Det redovisas även hur pedagogerna i Sverige uppfattar trygghet. Socialpsykologi är den teoretiska utgångspunkten som tillsammans med anknytningsteorin och objektrelationsteorin förklarar hur man kan förstå resultatet. Studiens slutsatser visar bland annat att pedagoger i Sverige ser sambandet mellan trygghet och övergångsobjekt samt ser objektet som betydelsefullt för barnet. Samtliga pedagoger från Sverige och USA har kunskap kring övergångsobjektens betydelse för barn och värdesätter objekten. Sverige och USA har en samsyn kring användandet av napp och båda länderna anser att det är ett objekt som bör fasas ut för att inte ge eventuellt negativa effekter på tandstruktur. / The purpose of this study is to contribute to knowledge on how pedagogues in Sweden and USA observe and reasons around safety in children and transitional objects and the use of these objects in preschool. It´s a qualitative study that has been conducted in two countries. By conducting the study in two countries we were able to have a wider view on the reasons around transitional objects. Focus-group interviews as a method of conducting data have been elaborative. In this study eleven focus-group interviews has been conducted, one focus-group interview in USA and ten focus-group interviews in Sweden. Altogether twenty two pedagogues participated, two in USA and twenty in Sweden. In each focus-group there were two pedagogues from the same ward. The results has been analyzed trough content analysis. The aspect of safety in children in this study arised trough and after the interviews took place in USA. The results shows how pedagogues in both Sweden and USA defines transitional objects and how both countries approach transitional objects in preschool. The results also shows how teachers observe safety in children. Socialpsykolgi is the main theoretical starting point that together with attachment theory and object relation theory explains how we can understand the results.The conclusions of this study are that pedagogues in Sweden sees the connection between safety in children and transitional objects and the value of the object. All pedagogues, both from Sweden and USA, has knowledge around the transitional objects meaning and values the objects. Sweden and USA has an consensus about the use of pacifiers and that children shouldn´t use them too long because it could give negative effects on the teeth structure.

Abstract: This is a qualitative studie about how devotees to the Guru Mata Amritananda Mayi relate to her and how that changes through time. The material has been collected through five interviews and through participant observation in ”Ammas” ashram Amritapuri in Kerala, south of India. The result showed that the devotees relate to Amma as a mother in some aspects and as a ”teacher” in other aspects, but they all have gained hundred percent trust for her. They all related to her different in the beginning as a devotee than after some years with her which shows that Amma could work as a transitionalobject for the devotees. The question about whether the devotees progress and cultivate”selfactivity” after this process could be answered with both yes and no. The devotees whom was interviewed seemed to have cultivated a lot more ”selfactivity” than the devotees that was observed during the time in the ashram and whom hadn't been following Amma as long time as the interviewees.

Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2007 / The study explored transitional object attachment at Eisleben Village, Limpopo –South Africa. The participants of the study were mothers of children who were between six months and two years of age. The instrument t used to explore transitional object attachment was obtained from a related study, while the instrument used to study the participants personality were the Adult Attachment Questionnaire and the Relationship Questionnaire. There was low prevalence of transitional object attachment at Eisleben Village. Several factors had an impact on whether or not the child becomes attached to an object, i.e. the socio economic status of the participants as well as the child rearing practices.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-12-13T12:04:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIO PEREIRA ALVES.pdf: 201664 bytes, checksum: 718e7efb9c550a5fe0196ea09029b588 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-13T12:04:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIO PEREIRA ALVES.pdf: 201664 bytes, checksum: 718e7efb9c550a5fe0196ea09029b588 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-17 / Based on psychoanalysis, the present work has as its objective to study the family ties between a drug addict and his family. According to DSM-IV, the medical nosography insists on considering drug addiction a disease; however, would that be one of the causes or just the consequence of other pathologies? On the other hand, drug addiction seems to be what some authors call “modernity excesses”. This way, it is regarded as a sign of abuse, of law breaking; that is, it is the absence of reference points, limits, rules. The drugs say what cannot be said (Olievenstein, 1989), they expose the susceptible family ties. They sustain an identification in the emptiness, without a body, they are the sign of what is “missing”. A drug addicted recognizes in the abstinence what is lacking, that is why he dedicates himself completely to this cause that is why drug addiction exists (Rassial, 1999). Through the psychoanalytical listening process, two clinical interviews were held in two different moments: first with the father and later with his addict son. The results show family ties as a “transitional object”; ties that put in evidence the fragile link between father and son. This fragility is the result of the poor identification of the subject with the object, what seems to end up in the son’s fixation on a position of demand, a position between primary narcissism and the entrance in the Oedipus. The results make us suppose that the transitional object’s paradigm is an important theoretical model that enables the understanding and the clinical intervention in cases of drug addiction. / A partir do referencial psicanalítico, buscou-se no presente trabalho estudar como se configura o vínculo em uma família com adolescente toxicômano. Segundo o DSMIV, a nosografia médica insiste em colocar a toxicomania como uma doença; mas seria essa uma causa ou conseqüência de outras patologias? Por outro lado, a toxicomania parece apontar para o que alguns autores chamam de “excessos da modernidade”. Dessa forma, ela funciona como um signo do abuso, da transgressão à Lei; ou seja, é a ausência de referenciais, de limites, de norma. A droga tem a função de dizer o indizível (Olievenstein, 1989) ela denuncia o fio tênue do vínculo familiar. Ela sustenta uma identificação no vazio, sem corpo, ela é a marca da ‘falta’. O sujeito toxicômano reconhece na abstinência o que lhe falta [manque], por isso, encontra-se totalmente envolvido na busca desse objeto, essa é a verdadeira razão de ser da estrutura toxicômana (Rassial, 1999). Dentro do dispositivo de escuta psicanalítica, procedeu-se a duas entrevistas do tipo clínico, realizadas em dois momentos: inicialmente com o pai, e posteriormente com o filho adolescente usuário de droga. O material coletado nas entrevistas aponta para uma configuração no vínculo familiar, que parece tomar a noção de “objeto transicional” como modelo; um vínculo que evidencia uma ligação frágil entre pai e filho. Em que essa fragilidade é resultado de uma identificação precária do sujeito com o objeto, que parece resultar na fixação do filho em uma posição de demanda, uma posição entre narcisismo primário e a entrada no Édipo. Os resultados nos levam a supor que o paradigma do objeto transicional é um importante modelo teórico para a compreensão e a intervenção clínica em casos de toxicomania.

L’objet de notre recherche nous a amené à nous interroger sur la place du regard en tant qu’il est l’objet a, objet cause du désir. La pulsion scopique, liée à cet objet a, nous a orienté sur ce que Freud a nommé la sublimation. L’énoncé de Freud : « Rien n’est dans la pensée qui ne fut dans les sens. » a dessiné la trame de notre travail. De la naissance des sens à la relation entre les cinq sens et l’objet a, nous avons élaboré le concept de sublimation. A partir de ce concept de sublimation des liens sont apparus avec la perversion, l’autisme, la phobie, à travers le jeu des différents objets qui leur sont rattachés. Puis nous avons défini les processus de symbolisation mis en oeuvre pour inscrire les premières traces, représenter des images, et ce qu’il en est du processus créateur. Nous avons essayé à travers des oeuvres de Léonard de Vinci et d’Albrecht Dürer de montrer en quoi la sublimation participe à la construction du sujet désirant, et dans quelle mesure les éprouvés des cinq sens se déplaceraient les uns par rapport aux autres et seraient condensés dans le regard. / The object of our research led ourself to wonder about the place of the look as such it is the object a, object cause of wish. The look instinct connected with this object a, moved ourself towards the sublimation so called by Freud. The wording of Freud : “Nothing is in the mind which wasn’t in the senses” drawned the framework. From the senses’ birth to the relation between the five senses and the object a, we developped the concept of sublimation. From this concept of sublimation, links appeared with perversion, autism, phobia through the play of differents objects which are connected to them. Then we defined the symbolism process used to settle the first traces, visualize pictures and what is about the state of creator process. We tried, through works of Leonard de Vinci and Albrecht Dürer to show where the sublimation takes part in the wishing subject’s srtructure and how the five senses’ feelings would displace themselves one compared to another and would be condensed in the look.

Using the literary device of a fictional interview between the artist and a sympathetic intellectual, I explore concepts relating to subjectivity, pedagogy, memory, “Southernness,” whiteness, the deceptive nature of images, social justice, and 20th century art as they relate to a contemporary artistic practice.

This multi-site case study examines literacy practices across four theatre companies for young adults. The study draws upon ethnographic methods including interviews, field notes, and video data to show how composing practices situated with acts of design fostered multiple entry points through text, a multimodal stance when reading, collaboration, play, shared response, and sustained engagement in the orchestration of available modalities in the creation of characters. Drawing upon theories of multimodality, play, and masculinities, the study links literacy practices in drama with the configuration of historically subordinated, non-normative masculinities, including self-identified gay youth. These young men reported excessive self-monitoring and identity management strategies within heteronormative school contexts, but took-up a plurality of masculinities as they engaged design practices that encouraged play, risk-taking, and the appropriation of available media in their design of characters. The study cultivates an awareness of how literacy practices in drama intersected with affirming construction of non-normative gendered and sexual identities typically subordinated in school settings, but that were reportedly more aligned with informants’ sense of self. The study draws implications for how educators may help young people critique structures of heternormativity and hegemonic masculinities that often limit the identities and masculinities available in school. In addition, the study draws implications for classroom practice in the language arts that position youth as designers of multimodal texts that allow for multiple representations of the self. / text

For phenomenology, subjective experience is essential, as is the relationship with the other. But despite these central themes, the relationship between bodies is not primary focus. Philosophical understanding of bodily encounter is lacking. It is for this reason I have put Maurice Merleau-Ponty in dialogue with psychoanalyst and paediatrician Donald Winnicott who claims that the meeting between bodies is vital. Merleau-Ponty talks about the body's relationship with the other based on an intentional act of the subject. How the body comes into being with the world. Winnicott talks about the subject as continually developing through the interaction of bodies where the intention is expressed somewhat differently. He argues that it ́s not always the child's intention that matters. Winnicott also claims that my own body has not always had the experience of being a separate body. There is a phase in development where the child is a subjectobject as he puts it. With no border between the other. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the formation of subjectivity. The thesis contribution is a complement to philosophical understanding of subject-construction with the desire to point toward the responsibility of the body who has come further in life.

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