<p>The purpose of the essay is to by means of a quantitative method investigate what the portrayal of GLBT-people looks like in a selection of Swedish and New Zealand newspapers. The essay focuses on aspects such as the gender ratio between GLBT-people who are mentioned and also those who are allowed to speak out in the newspapers. Also in what proportions the newspapers portrays the different fractions of the GLBT-term, what subjects are covered and what types of sources are used are areas of interest.</p><p>The analysis is conducted through a quantitative research method where two Swedish newspapers (Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter) and two New Zealand newspapers (The Dominion Post and The New Zealand Herald) were selected. Three periods of 15 days were selected for each newspaper and electronic databases were used in order to try and collect all articles with relevance for this study.</p><p>The theoretical background consists of Tiina Rosenberg’s theories about media’s role in the individuals’ identity shaping, Nina Björk’s feminist theories connected to gender and power, and the patriarchal structure of society, and also Anders Sahlstrand’s accounts of journalism’s use of sources and their effect on the audience’s perception of the news presented.</p><p>The main results from the analysis points towards preponderance in the occurrence of male homosexuality and male homosexuals. Elite sources occur more often than non-elite, and GLBT-males are more often used as elite sources than GLBT-women, though due the analysis being based on a low number of articles the level of generalization from the results is questionable.</p>

The purpose of the essay is to by means of a quantitative method investigate what the portrayal of GLBT-people looks like in a selection of Swedish and New Zealand newspapers. The essay focuses on aspects such as the gender ratio between GLBT-people who are mentioned and also those who are allowed to speak out in the newspapers. Also in what proportions the newspapers portrays the different fractions of the GLBT-term, what subjects are covered and what types of sources are used are areas of interest. The analysis is conducted through a quantitative research method where two Swedish newspapers (Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter) and two New Zealand newspapers (The Dominion Post and The New Zealand Herald) were selected. Three periods of 15 days were selected for each newspaper and electronic databases were used in order to try and collect all articles with relevance for this study. The theoretical background consists of Tiina Rosenberg’s theories about media’s role in the individuals’ identity shaping, Nina Björk’s feminist theories connected to gender and power, and the patriarchal structure of society, and also Anders Sahlstrand’s accounts of journalism’s use of sources and their effect on the audience’s perception of the news presented. The main results from the analysis points towards preponderance in the occurrence of male homosexuality and male homosexuals. Elite sources occur more often than non-elite, and GLBT-males are more often used as elite sources than GLBT-women, though due the analysis being based on a low number of articles the level of generalization from the results is questionable.

This is a qualitative interview study where 7 transgender people is interviewed about their experiences of treatment from institutions within society. In semi-structured interviews, respondents talk about the treatment they received from health care, education, legal system, employment offices and social services. The study's purpose is to examine the treatment transgender peoples gets based on their own stories and perspectives. The study also discusses the social structures, like binary gender norms, that contribute to a negative attitude and the consequences of this approach. The result shows that there is a great lack of knowledge within institutions and professionals have insufficient training in how to treat people with transgender identities. Respondents have often had to educate professionals and carries their identity as a backpack that they can not get rid of. The results also indicate that the prevailing social structures that divide people in binary gender norms is problematic for transgender people. / Detta är en kvalitativ intervjustudie där 7 transpersoner intervjuats om deras erfarenheter av bemötande från samhällets instanser. I semistrukturerade intervjuer har respondenterna berättat om det bemötande de fått från vården, utbildning, rättsväsendet, arbetsförmedlingen och socialförvaltningen. Studiens syfte är att undersöka bemötande transpersoner får utifrån deras egna berättelser och perspektiv. I studien diskuteras även samhällsstrukturer, såsom tvåkönsnormen, som bidrar till ett negativt bemötande samt konsekvenserna av detta bemötande. Resultatet visar att det råder en stor kunskapsbrist inom samhällets instanser och professionella har bristande utbildning i hur de ska bemöta personer med könsöverskridande identiteter. Respondenterna har ofta fått agera utbildare för professionella och bär med sig sin identitet som en ryggsäck som de inte kan bli av med. Resultatet pekar också på att rådande samhällsstrukturer som delar in personer i en tvåkönsnorm är problematisk för transpersoner.

En transsexuell person upplever sig vara född i fel kön och vill oftast genomgå en könsbekräftande behandling så att kroppen överensstämmer med det kön som personen identifierar sig med. Att gå emot den heteronorm som råder i samhället är förknippat med stigmatisering, kränkande särbehandling och diskriminering. Kunskapen om transsexualitet på den svenska arbetsmarknaden är mycket bristfällig och leder till att många transsexuella riskerar att uppleva intolerans och utanförskap.Syftet med den här studien är att få en ökad kunskap om transsexuellas upplevelser av bemötande på arbetsplatser. Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsansats och bygger på fem semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av tidigare forskning.Resultatet visar att respondenterna upplever en större acceptans på arbetsplatserna desto längre de har kommit i sin könsbekräftande behandling. Samtliga respondenter har upplevt svårigheter på arbetsplatsen på något sätt och anser att arbetsgivarna har för lite kunskap kring transsexualitet. Respondenterna menar att det bidrar till att fokus hamnar på deras könsidentitet och inte på dem som kompetenta medarbetare. / A transsexual person feels that he or she was born in the wrong gender and usually wants to undergo gender-confirming treatment so that the body corresponds to the gender with which the person identifies. Going against the heteronomy that prevails in society is associated with stigma and abusive discrimination. Knowledge about transsexuality in the Swedish labor market is very deficient and leads to many transsexuals at risk of experiencing intolerance and exclusion.The purpose of this study is to gain an increased knowledge of transsexuals' experiences of treatment in the workplace. The study has a qualitative research approach and is based on five semi-structured interviews. The results were analyzed using previous research.The result show that the respondents experience a greater acceptance in the workplace the further they have come in their gender-confirming treatment. All respondents have experienced difficulties in the workplace in some way and believe that employers have too little knowledge about transsexuality. The respondents believe that it contributes to the focus being on their gender identity and not on them as competent employees.One conclusion that can be drawn from the result is that employers need more education and knowledge in transsexuality and norm criticism.

I denna studie är syftet att undersöka hur personal från behandlingshem för missbruk samtalar kring kön och sexualitet. Studien utgår från behandlingshem med inriktning på enbart kvinnor eller enbart män. I Sverige har homo-, bi- och transsexuella personer sämre psykisk hälsa än heterosexuella personer. Psykisk ohälsa ökar risken för missbruk och hbtq-personer har en ökad risk för missbruk jämfört med den generella befolkningen, varför det har varit av relevans att undersöka normer gällande kön och sexualitet på behandlingshem för missbruk. Det empiriska materialet, som har analyserats genom en kritisk diskursanalytisk ansats, har samlats in genom tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med personal inom behandlingshem för missbruk. I resultatet framgår att diskurserna kring kön och sexualitet till stor del fortfarande är heteronormativa, bland annat genom att utgångspunkten är att brukarnas relationer är heterosexuella samt i diskurser kring att visa sin nakna kropp vid övervakade urinprov. Resultatet lyfter att det kan finnas en osäkerhet kring bemötande av transsexuella personer utifrån vilket pronomen som ska användas samt på vilket behandlingshem en transperson ska placeras. Slutsatsen pekar på att det kan finnas ett behov av kunskap om det heteronormativa privilegiet för att det ska bli möjligt med förändring av ojämlika maktstrukturer kring kön och sexualitet. / The aim of this study is to explore how professionals, from health and rehabilitation clinics for addiction, talk about sex and sexuality. The study includes health and rehabilitation clinics for only women or only men. In Sweden, mental illness is more prevalent among the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual population than for the heterosexual population. Mental illness increases the risk for alcohol and drug addiction and people within the LGBT community have an increased risk of addiction than the rest of the population, thus it is of relevance to explore norms regarding gender and sexuality in rehabilitation clinics. The empirical material has been collected via ten semi-structured interviews with professionals of health and rehabilitation clinics for addiction. The result indicates that the discourses regarding sex and sexuality still in many ways are heteronormative and it shows among others by the assumptions that the relationships of the clients are heterosexual. It also shows when it is assumed that the clients are cis in the discourse regarding showing the naked body when leaving monitored urine samples. The result illustrates that there could be an insecurity among the professionals when it comes to use the correct pronoun when talking about transsexual people and in which health and rehabilitation clinic a transsexual person can be accepted for treatment. The conclusion indicates that knowledge about the heteronormative privilege could be necessary to enable change of unequal power structures regarding sex and sexuality.

I takt med digitaliseringen skapas fler digitala nyhetssidor och därmed blir konkurrensen högre mellan nyhetskanaler. Eftersom nyhetsartiklar blir mer lättillgängliga är det intressant att se huruvida de inkluderar människor med alla olika könsidentiteter eller ej. Hbtq-personer har en högre risk för att känna psykisk ohälsa och i Sverige är det även fler transsexuella som övervägt att begå självmord under de senaste åren (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2019). Studien undersöker därför om svenska nyhetsmedier väljer att upprätthålla samhällets diskurser om transpersoners utanförskap i samhället. Anledningen till att studien fokuserar på Sverige är för att landet anses vara ett inkluderande samhälle (Svenska Institutet, 2019). Därför studeras nyhetsmedia i form av Expressens nyhetsartiklar kring två valda fall.  Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur olika könsidentiteter blir representerade i nyhetsmedia och hur nyhetsurval sker. Detta görs med en kritisk diskursanalys och med hjälp av teoretiska utgångspunkter såsom nyhetsvärdering, det idealiska offret och genus och normer. Det empiriska material som behandlas är fyra artiklar om mordet på Emilia Lundberg och fyra artiklar från mordet på Wilma Andersson. Artiklarna väljs ut genom ett strategiskt urval och en tidslinje med fyra olika moment. Studien visar att transpersoner inte ses som lika nyhetsmässiga som cispersoner, transpersoner får mindre uppmärksamhet och ses som mindre idealiska offer. Transpersoner får varken samma uppmärksamhet, empati och representeras inte heller på ett likvärdigt sätt som cispersoner i nyhetsmedia. / In line with the digitalisation, the Internet's webpages increase and so does the competition between news media channels. Since it is getting easier to access news articles, it is interesting whether they include people with different gender identities or not. Hbtq people have a higher risk of feeling mental health issues and there are also more transsexuals in Sweden who intend to commit suicide in recent years (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2019). The study therefore examines whether Swedish news media choose to erect society's discourses about transgender people's exclusion in society. Another reason why the study examines Sweden is because they are considered an inclusive society (Svenska Institutet, 2019). For those reasons, it will be interesting to examine Sweden's news media and Expressen's articles on two selected cases.  The purpose of the study is to investigate how different gender identities are represented in the news media and how news selection takes place. This will be done through a critical discourse analysis and theoretical starting points such as news evaluation, the ideal victim and gender and norms. The empirical material that is negotiated in the study is four articles about the murder case of Emilia Lundberg and four articles from the murder case of Wilma Andersson. The articles are chosen after four moments in terms of a timeline. The study shows that transgender people are not seen as newsworthy as cis people, transsexuals get less attention in the news, and they are seen as non-ideal victims. Transsexuals do not receive the same attention, empathy or get represented in an equivalent way as cispersons in the news.