Aim: The aim of the study is to examine how professionals works with boys and men with honour-related problems and how they describe their work with the vulnerable group and what kind of differences there are in the help depending on what gender the victim have. Method: Qualitative interview study, the interviews are analyzed with a hermeneutic science theory. Result: The study shows that even though boys and men can be victims of honour-related violence they are rarely noticed as victims. They are mostly seen as the perpetrator. But the study shows that they could have a double role as both a victim and a perpetrator. The image and norms of boys and men only as the perpetrator is an obstacle for them to seek help, but also prevents them from getting the help they need. A consequence of this is that the help are limited for boys and men that are victims of honour-related violence. This can be understood from the social constructions of how society regards the rolls of victims and perpetrators, but also how professionals defines honour-related violence. Conclusion: All of the respondents stresses the need of more knowledge about honour-related violence and especially that boys and men can be victims as well. The possibility to get professional help and support are differnt depending on gender, boys and men have fewer options.

A documentação odontológica é utilizada como ferramenta indispensável para identificação humana uma vez que possibilita a comparação entre registros ante mortem (AM) e post mortem (PM), levando a resultados objetivos e confiáveis. A constante evolução tecnológica ocasionou grande avanço na qualidade dos exames por imagens, auxiliando o processo de identificação por arco dentário. Nesse contexto, as imagens radiográficas digitais ganharam espaço frente às convencionais e as tomografias computadorizadas (TC) passaram a ser comumente utilizadas na Odontologia, devido à multiplicidade dos detalhes oferecidos pelas imagens tridimensionais. Estudos recentes revelam as tentativas de se reproduzir imagens semelhantes às intraorais por meio de TC. No entanto, ainda não há estudos efetivos no campo das ciências forenses, utilizando tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC) com o propósito de identificação. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia para simulação de imagens radiográficas intraorais em tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico, visando repetir a incidência e geometria da radiografia de origem, contemplando os possíveis erros de angulação, além de verificar a eficácia e confiabilidade desse princípio entre os examinadores. Para isso, foi realizada a aquisição de vinte TCFC de crânios secos e os dados do seu odontograma inseridos nas fichas PM do WinID. Para cada crânio, um segundo observador realizou três radiografias periapicais digitais, simulando as AM, uma delas contendo alteração de posicionamento. As 60 radiografias foram randomizadas, três pontos foram selecionados, suas distâncias lineares e angulação mensurados no Photoshop e catalogados em planilha do Microsoft Excel. Os dados odontológicos das radiografias foram incluídos como fichas AM do WinID. O software indicou similaridade ao confrontar os elementos AM com os PM. e os valores tabulados das radiografias conduziram as análises do primeiro, sem o conhecimento prévio dos erros. As regiões de interesse (ROI) das imagens radiográficas foram localizadas nas TCFC e a geometria de incidência simulada, mediante a manipulação dos planos espaciais e ferramentas disponíveis no software Osirix, buscando valores semelhantes aos originais. Por fim, a sobreposição de imagens foi realizada utilizando artifícios do Photoshop, comprovando a similaridade entre as imagens originais e as replicadas na tomografia. Os resultados mostraram que foi possível replicar a geometria das imagens radiográficas nas TCFC em 100% da amostra. Testes estatísticos como o coeficiente de variação, diferenças de médias e coeficiente de Pearson evidenciaram forte correlação para todas as variáveis estudadas e todos os valores foram estatisticamente significantes (p<0.05). O protocolo desenvolvido possibilitou a reprodução da geometria e incidência das radiografias convencionais em TCFC, inclusive na presença de alterações na angulação. As imagens produzidas puderam ser comparadas às originais, assegurando o resultado por sobreposição. Em todas elas ficou comprovada a viabilidade do uso do protocolo para fins de identificação humana e sua aplicação, portanto, foi considerada confiável e segura, visto que a concordância entre os observadores ficou demonstrada pelos testes estatísticos. / Dental Records are used as a necessary tool for human identification, as it enables the comparison of Antemortem (AM) and Postmortem (PM) data, leading to objective and reliable results. The constant evolution of technology brought advances in the quality of images, aiding the dental arch identification process. In this context, the digital radiographic images gained ground among conventional radiographs and Computed Tomography (CT) became usual in dentistry, due to the multiple details available in the tridimensional images. Recent studies shown attempts of reproducing intraoral images from CT. But there was no effective studies in the forensic science field using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) with identification purposes. The present study aims on developing a methodology that could simulate intra-oral images in CBCT exams, in order to repeat the incidence and image geometry of the original radiography, covering possible angulation errors and testing the reliability of the process. To do so, 20 CBCT were acquired from dry skulls and their dental charts were registered in WinID. In each cranium, a second observer made three periapical radiographs, simulating the AM records in WinID, and one should contain and incidence error. The 60 radiographs were randomized and in each three points were selected with linear distances and angle between them were measured in photoshop and recorded in a MS Excel chart. The data from the radiographs were included in WinId as AM records. The Sotware indicated similarities of the records by matching AM and PM, and the values from the radiographs directed the analysis made by the first examiner, with no knowledge of the previous errors and the AM data registered in WinID. The Region of Interest (ROI) in the radiographs were located in the CBCT and the geometry and incidence were simulated using the manipulation of the orientation planes and tools of the software Osirix, in search of similar to the original values. Finally, the superimposition of images was made in Photoshop, to prove the achievement of similarity between the original images and those extracted from the CBCT. The results showed a possible repeatability of image geometry in 100% of the sample. Statistic test of the variance coefficient, average difference and Pearson coefficient highlighted the strong correlation of all variables and significance of all tested values (p<0.05). The developed protocol enabled the reproduction of conventional radiographs geometry and incidence in CBCT exams, including in the presence of incidence errors. The produced images could be compared to the original, assuring a result by superimposition. In every analysis, the use of this protocol has been confirmed as viable for human identification purposes, and its usage was considered reliable and secure, as the concordance between examiners was demonstrated by the statistic analysis.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, inwieweit Geschädigte von völkerstrafrechtlichen Verbrechen sich am Verfahren vor dem Internationalen Strafgerichtshof (IStGH) beteiligen können. Im Jahr 1998 wurde das Rom Statut des IStGH errichtet, welches erstmalig im Völkerstrafrecht die Möglichkeit für Geschädigte vorsieht, über die „Beteiligung“ als Zeuge hinaus aktiv am Verfahren vor dem IStGH teilzunehmen. Die Arbeit setzt die Normen des Rom Statuts zunächst in einen historischen Kontext. Sodann wird die Auslegung der Normen in den unterschiedlichen Verfahrensabschnitten umfassend anhand der gängigen Interpretationsmechanismen sowie der bisherigen Rechtsprechung erläutert. Da die Auslegung der Normen aufgrund der teilweise sehr weiten Fassung der Normen und der fehlenden Rechtsprechung weitestgehend ungeklärt war und zum großen Teil immernoch ist, stellt die Erläuterung der Auslegungsmöglichkeiten einen Schwerpunkt der Arbeit dar. Es erfolgt sodann eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Frage, inwieweit die bestehenden Regeln auf der einen Seite den Wünschen und Erwartungen der Geschädigten entsprechen, und inwieweit sie auf der anderen Seite mit den Rechten der Angeklagten und übergeordneten Interessen in Übereinstimmung zu bringen sind. Es werden Alternativen zum Internationalen Strafgerichtshof untersucht. Die Arbeit zeigt im Ergebnis Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der sogenannten Opferbeteiligung auf und erarbeitet Verbesserungsvorschläge zu dem derzeit bestehenden Modell. / When the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court was adopted in 1998, one of its innovations was that victims were granted an active role in the proceedings. This thesis is among the first to focus on the International Criminal Court’s power to enable victims to take part in the proceedings. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal framework of the participation system, taking into account relevant Court decisions. The study examines the position of victims in international criminal law, especially their rights to participate in all stages of the proceedings. It further explores to which extent the rules of the International Criminal Court correspond to the victims’ needs and wishes and on the other hand how the rules can be reconciled with the rights of the accused and other interests. The extent to which the ICC, as a criminal court, can and will at all help victims to overcome the consequences of war crimes. It will finally be reflected on some possible alternatives.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIR - Marilia L Veloso.pdf: 3301092 bytes, checksum: c7a00cf3e1e5bd675283be06c6761deb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-10 / This Thesis aims to understand the meaning of victim from the analysis of the speech of the homeless country workers, on the daily fighting for the land, at Rosa do Prado Camp, southern of the state of Bahia, building an critical analysis of the speech of the penal system facing the land conflicts. On this direction it supposes that solving those events, the penal system takes place on ideological propositions about the idea of victim that allows to benefit the big owners and listening to the members of Landless Workers Movement (MST} could help to understand this meaning on the daily actions defending the land production. For that reason, the research has developed searching, from the beginning, the locus where the colonialism has put the indians, the colored people and the poor white people, (re)building the history of the social, political, economical juridical aspects, the main reasons of setting up the MST. Bringing to these days, on the context, the fights that took place as results of the social contradictions from the land system established by the Portuguese Court, that has been taking place today in Brazil. On the light of this hitorical study there is a responsibility of the system in the constitution of the no possessions person, consubstantiated on the condition of the incriminate landless victim. On the second study, preceded by a critical about the penal system and its ideological function on the exercise of social control, enphasis on campesino, the Thesis goes on victim analysis, of different instances throuh the human history theories about the meaning and kind of the incriminate homeless victim, that some say its the result of excluding economical social went from the landing of portuguese people in Brazil. The third study of Thesis and its meaning, it is the understanding of the speech from the people at Rosa do Prado Camp about the meaning of victim and the important kinds about the mattar. Their speechs bring expectations and critics about the intrigue of the formal and informal social control departaments about solving the problems of landless and MST showing the bureaucratic mecanism of the system (administrative, political, judicial) about the twelve years of waiting for solving the condition of the land people to set up projects with money from the government. On their speechs, the camp people have showed the life defense as a reason to justify their actions, voting the land reform as the only way to allow the social inclusion, that they have understood as a constitucional right. The understanding of the speechs of the camp people and their leaders, as individual persons (landless) or collectivized (MST) on the land fight, allows to say both resulting of the land system in the country, garanted by the ideological speech of the judicial system on the moment of solving the conflicts from the unsubmissible to the archetypal. The analysis of the speechs of the camp people dennying the incriminate to the owners of the land those mean incriminate homeless victims. This understanding should be considerated on the exam of judicial circunstances, not only at Rosa do Prado, but in all the instance that the system submits the landless and the MST to the penal and judicial consequences obliged by the same system that has built those victims / Esta Tese tem por objetivo compreender o significado de vítima a partir da análise do discurso de trabalhadores rurais Sem-Terra, no cotidiano da luta pela terra, no Acampamento Rosa do Prado, localizado no Extremo Sul do Estado da Bahia, construindo uma análise crítica do discurso do sistema penal quando enfrenta os conflitos fundiários. Neste sentido são levantadas as hipóteses de que, na solução de tais eventos, o sistema penal se assenta em proposições ideológicas sobre a concepção de vítima que terminam por beneficiar os grandes proprietários e que a escuta dos integrantes do MST pode contribuir para a compreensão desse significado, nas ações cotidianas em defesa da produção da terra. Para tanto, a pesquisa se desenvolve buscando, de início, o lócus onde o colonialismo sediou os índios, os negros e os brancos pobres, (re)construindo a história dos aspectos sociais, políticos, econômicos e jurídicos determinantes da formação do Movimento Sem-Terra. Resgata-se, nesse contexto, as lutas que se travaram em decorrência das contradições sociais provocadas pelo modelo fundiário implantado pela Coroa Portuguesa, até hoje praticado no Brasil. À luz dessa inserção histórica demonstra-se a responsabilidade do sistema na constituição do sujeito despossuído consubstanciado na condição de vítima-criminalizável Sem-Terra. Na segunda incursão, precedida por uma crítica ao sistema penal e sua função ideológica no exercício do controle social, com ênfase para o campesinato, a Tese procede a uma análise da vítima, das diferentes instâncias por onde transitou ao longo da história humana, das teorias sobre seu significado e da categoria de vítima-criminalizável Sem-Terra que se afirma ter sido gestada pela conjuntura socioeconômica excludente desde a ocupação das terras brasileiras pelos portugueses. A terceira intervenção da Tese e sua essência é a interpretação das falas dos acampados de Rosa do Prado a respeito do significado de vítima e de categorias relevantes ao tema. Seus discursos projetam expectativas e críticas sobre a trama dos órgãos de controle social formal e informal quando se trata de solucionar as questões dos Sem-Terra e do MST, enfatizando o mecanismo protelatório do sistema (administrativo, político, judicial) com relação aos doze anos de espera por uma solução que viabilize a condição de assentados e possam dinamizar projetos com recursos do governo. Nas suas falas, os acampados apontam a defesa da vida como razão e justificativa maior para suas ações, elegendo a reforma agrária como única via de acesso à inclusão social que entendem como um direito constitucional. A interpretação dos discursos dos acampados e de suas lideranças, enquanto sujeitos individuais (Sem-Terra) ou coletivizados (MST) na luta pela terra, conduz à afirmação de que resultam ambos do modelo fundiário praticado no país, garantido pelo discurso ideológico do sistema judicial no momento de solucionar os conflitos decorrentes da insubmissão a tal arquétipo. A análise das falas dos acampados de Rosa do Prado leva à conclusão que esses sujeitos sociais, enquanto negam a vitimização aos proprietários de terras, se significam vítimas-criminalizáveis Sem-Terra. Esta interpretação merece ser considerada no exame das circunstâncias judiciais, não só com relação a Rosa do Prado, mas em toda instância em que o sistema submeta os Sem-Terra e o MST às conseqüências jurídico-penais impostas pelo mesmo sistema que construiu essas vítimas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - Renata Kabke Pinheiro.pdf: 2007896 bytes, checksum: 0018c49d84325239a29e07ac3f7f52de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 / This work comprises a linguistic-discursive analysis of the characters Viviane and Morgaine in the novel The Mists of Avalon (1983) by Marion Zimmer Bradley (1930-1999). The main objective addresses the investigation of the presence of myths about the power, the role and the depiction of women in the discourse related to those characters within the book. The theoretical support is based on the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model of Norman Fairclough (2001), the Systemic-Functional Grammar of Michael Halliday (1994) and Matthiessen & Halliday (1997), on the relationship among literature, discourse and gender (CRANNY-FRANCIS, 1990; FUNCK, 1998; et al) and on the concept of myth of Roland Barthes (1980). Divided into three chapters, after the theorethical part where we also make some considerations about gender we present the author, the book and the characters. Next, we describe the methodology used for the analysis and discuss the data with reference to: a) the depiction of women; b) the power of women, as belonging/granted to or taken from them; c) the role of women, with emphasis on the gender dichotomy and on the roles traditionally and hegemonically considered male or female . The study draws some conclusions about the permanence of myths related to the power, the role and the depiction of women found in the linguistic materiality of the text, despite the frequent classification of The Mists of Avalon as a feminist work. Furthermore, we propose that a new literary dichotomy that of "Bitch / Victim" instead of the well-known "Witch / Angel" is established in the work, perpetuating negative images of women at the same time that, due to the centering around female characters and the relative empowerment of women, a tension between discourses of patriarchal and feminist basis does not allow the text to be labeled as aligned exclusively with either of them / Este trabalho constitui uma análise linguístico-discursiva das personagens Viviane e Morgana do romance As brumas de Avalon (1983) de Marion Zimmer Bradley (1930-1999). O objetivo principal remete à investigação dos mitos relativos ao poder, ao papel e às representações da mulher que se fazem presentes no discurso relacionado às personagens dentro da obra. A fundamentação teórica busca sustentação na Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD) de Norman Fairclough (2001), na Gramática Sistêmico-funcional de Halliday (1994) e Matthiessen e Halliday (1997), na relação literatura, discurso e gênero (CRANNY-FRANCIS, 1990; FUNCK, 1998; et al) e no conceito de mito de Roland Barthes (1980). Dividido em três capítulos, após a parte teórica onde também fazemos algumas considerações a respeito de gênero apresentamos a autora, a obra e as personagens. A seguir, descrevemos a metodologia utilizada na análise e discutimos os dados encontrados relativos a: a) a representação feminina; b) o poder da mulher, como pertencente/concedido a ela ou usurpado dela; c) o papel da mulher, com ênfase na dicotomia de gêneros e nos papéis tradicional e hegemonicamente ligados a eles. O estudo chega a conclusões quanto à perpetuação de mitos em relação ao poder, ao papel e às representações da mulher encontrada na materialidade linguística do texto de Marion Zimmer Bradley, apesar da frequente classificação de As brumas de Avalon como uma obra feminista. Além disso, propomos que uma nova dicotomia literária a da Megera/Vítima em lugar da já conhecida Bruxa/Anjo é estabelecida na obra, perpetuando imagens negativas da mulher ao mesmo tempo em que, com a centralidade nas personagens femininas e a concessão de um certo poder à mulher, um movimento de tensão entre discursos de bases patriarcal e feminista não permita que o texto possa ser classificado como afiliado exclusivamente a qualquer um deles

The aim of the study was to examine how two young female victims was represented in Swedish commercial news press, if and how their relations to the perpetrator would affect their representation and what similarities and differences there were in the representation between the two. We examined the coverage of Lisa Holm, who was murdered by a stranger, and Tova Moberg, who was murdered by her abusing ex- boyfriend. The method used was a critical discourse analysis. We searched for different discourse themes in a total of twelve news articles from Aftonbladet and Expressen. We analyzed the themes and came to the conclusion that the murder victims were represented very much alike, well-liked, ambitious and good-hearted. The main difference is that Tova Moberg was not represented as innocent as Lisa Holm by the journalism because of her relationship with her ex-boyfriend. The journalism partly blamed Tova Moberg for not preventing her own death since she was aware of the danger. We found that as soon as any kind of relations between the victim and perpetrator was mentioned the victim’s status as an ideal victim decreased.

The theoretical frame of the dissertation is, with regard to the topic of the study, aimed at the structure, dimension and socialization of student's personality, conception of behavioral patterns at school as well as group dynamics. The current development phase of students in the 7th grade is dealt with in the chapters concerning the processes in adolescence and educational problems. The dissertation describes in detail characteristics of both the agressor as well as the victim of bullying, causes of agresivity and anxiety. The theoretical part of the dissertation is concluded by rich sources of how to prevent and cure groups who have to face problematic behaviour or bullying. The practical part of the disserta- tion has a form of case study, with the help of analysis, comparison of ethopedic and special educational and educational diagnostics.Data have been gathered concerning the disruption and dynamics of social contacts among 7th grade students of waldorf school. Cohesion and climate in the class are dealt with here. The results of this study offer the basis for a realization of a preventive programme. KEYWORDS character, empathy, discipline, socialization, group dynamics, climate in the class, bullying, agressor, victim, diagnostics, prevention

This thesis examines how the promise and institutionalization of 'justice for victims' has shaped the ICC's justice vision and identity. Drawing on interviews with 90 practitioners in The Hague, Kenya and Uganda, it undertakes a sociological and institutional analysis of how 'justice for victims' has evolved in the Court's first two decades through the definitions and redefinitions, pushes and pulls, strategies and miscalculations of the Court's diverse actors both in The Hague and in the field. It argues that the introduction of 'justice for victims' has led to a rift within the Court between those who embrace a narrow understanding of justice as 'fair trials' and those who see the ICC as an opening for broader justice processes. These rifts and gaps are reinforced by the Court's actors in the field such as victims' lawyers and intermediaries who sometimes assume political advocacy roles beyond what the Court's judges envisaged or follow their parochial interests on the ground. While the ICC's judges have increasingly curtailed victim participation and reparation in the court room, the Court's practices on the ground reflect an uneasy fusion of legal justice, development, local and national politics with a proliferation of new justice concepts including 'transformative justice' and 'gender justice'. So far, these justice contestations have not chipped away, much less undermined, the Court's legitimacy. Rather, the Court has thrived on its justice contradictions; its failure to commit to any particular justice vision while loosely relating to all possible visions, has made the Court impervious to critique. But the thesis will also show that 'justice for victims' at the ICC is schizophrenic: it is inherently unstable and its contradictory dynamics may at some point rip the concept apart - and with it the Court's legitimacy.

The aim of this study is to examine how the local newspapers (Barometern, Falu-kuriren, Hudiksvalls tidning, Skaraborgs Allehanda) and the tabloid (Aftonbladet) portray the local community in a village after a murder occured and how it affects the image of the village over time. In this study we therefore studied four different murders that occured in small swedish villages. We analysed how the newspapers construct the imagined community after the murder and what similarities and differences they have.   In this study we applied the critical discourse analysis and in total we investigated twelve articles that all had social constructions and therefore were relevant for the study. The results show that both the local newspapers and the tabloid Aftonbladet portrayed that the murders had a huge impact on the community. The safe place that they once knew is gone and therefore they seek support in each other and stand united. The victim gets more space in the articles than the perpetrator. We also discovered that you don’t have to live in the village to be a part of the community as long as you show compassion. The difference showed that the local newspapers only included the locals to mourn while the evening paper included the whole nation to be a part of the imagined community.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Geny Rodrigues Valadao.pdf: 795641 bytes, checksum: 9338d7ad0cbf144399f62c4b332485a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-12 / ABSTRACT The present work has as objective to contribute for a reflection process on the psychological aspects implied in the process of protection of the Programa de Apoio ás Testemunhas, Vítimas e Familiares de Vítimas de Violência - PROVITA, emphasizing the change of identity, compatible and incompatible personality, the role of the psychologist and the freedom in the clandestinity. It was based on articles published by GAJOP and material obtained with the representative of Secretaria de Promoção e Defensa dos Direitos Humanos, in Brasilia. The objective of the study was focalized in psychological aspects of victims and witness and about challenge that they face to develop a new personal structure based on values of their new environment. From the referencial of the critical theory, it became evident the contradictions existent in the process of protection of PROVITA to reduce physical and psychological discomfort of the victims and witness, the suffering and the traumatic breaking lived by the individual. The research brings a set of information on the public politics of security that a few years ago nobody thought about it in Brazil. It evidences some problems that PROVITA will still face to become a space of contradiction and desorganization of the artifice of the social, economic politician system that command and propitiate total poverty and absence of social and political projects that guarantee the executation of the Human Rights. / RESUMO O presente trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para um processo de reflexão sobre os aspectos psicológicos implicados no processo de proteção do Programa de Apoio às Testemunhas, Vítimas e Familiares de Vítimas de Violência PROVITA, destacando a mudança de identidade, personalidade compatível e incompatível, o papel do psicólogo e a liberdade na clandestinidade. Foi fundamentado em artigos publicados pelo GAJOP e material obtido com o representante da Secretaria de Promoção e Defesa dos Direitos Humanos, em Brasília. O objeto de estudo centrou-se nos aspectos psicológicos das vítimas e testemunhas, bem como nos desafios que enfrentam para desenvolverem uma nova estrutura pessoal referenciada em valores de seu novo ambiente. A partir do referencial da teoria crítica, procurou-se evidenciar as contradições existentes no processo de proteção do PROVITA para diminuir o mal-estar físico e psicológico das vítimas e testemunhas, o sofrimento e a violação traumática. A pesquisa traz um conjunto de informações sobre a política pública de segurança que há anos era impensável no Brasil. Evidencia alguns problemas que o PROVITA ainda terá que enfrentar para se tornar um espaço de desmistificação e desmantelamento das artimanhas do sistema social, político e econômico que impera, domina e propicia a pobreza e a ausência de projetos sociais e políticos que garantam a efetivação dos Direitos Humanos.