Finding missing people and obtaining an overview of complex emergencies is very demanding and requires costly resources. I have on a few occasions sought after my grandfather, who, when he got Alzheimer, liked to go for a stroll at night (!) when my grandmother was sleeping. Those kind of situations are very stressful, especially a cold winter night. During my first 25 years I was part of a dedicated outdoor culture with countless ski trips, mountain hikes, mountain bike trips and many hours in primarily Swedish nature. It happened on a few occasions that we came in contact with people who worked with rescue operations in this type of environment. It could be about hikers who strayed away or been injured in the inaccessible nature, lost skiers in the mountain massifs around Riksgränsen, berry pickers in the Västerbotten forests etc. There are many examples of this type of situations and it's reflections on these scenarios and similar current problem which is the basis for this project.   Every year, about 7000 people are reported missing in Sweden. Of these remains about 30-35 vanished. Globally, the figure is huge. Earthquakes, floods and other hit by natural occurs despite various preventive measures. There are many occasions where the search, reconnaissance and location of individuals as well as physical problems play a critical role, but where human capacity seldom is sufficient. Search party chains (organized by organisations like Missing People) requires significant human resources and costs precious time, police helicopter reconnaissance is economically very costly, not environmentally friendly and involves a significant margin of error. With these statements as background, I would look at the possibility of creating a thorough design solution that contributes to people in need can be located, provided security and helped significantly faster than today without requiring significant resources. With this as a backdrop, I wanted to create a concept that would contribute to that more people were found and could be saved. Through an extensive research of how a rescue operation is conducted, interviews with police and Missing People, as well as observations during actual operations, I identified a few main problem areas that my concept generation would center around. Together with my sponsor, we wanted to create something that can best be described as a robotic eagle with hyper vision, long flight time and a positive association for the victim. The result is Aetos (Greek for eagle). A modular drone-system with innovative features to handle with long flights and demanding rescue missions. Thanks to an aerodynamic shape and a remote-controlled system Aetos requires minimal resources to create overview and help in locating the missing person. We want to save lives, and it can Aetos that.

This thesis examines how the Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet and Expressen portrays heroes in the aftermath of the sinking of the M/S Estonia in September of 1994. Our research questions are 1) How is heroism portrayed in the news reports about the Estonia disaster in the newspapers Expressen and Aftonbladet? 2) Are there similarities and distinctions between female and male heroes?   We have approached our material from a qualitative perspective analyzing 12 articles using critical discourse analysis.   Upon completion of our research we found that both men and women can be heroes, but regardless of gender heroes are all portrayed with traditionally male attributes, such as being aggressive, rational and courageous. To find and understand the hero in news context, the victim plays a periphery but important role. Our result also shows that the victim is needed in order for the hero to perform his or her actions. The victim can be both male or female, but are all described with female attributes as being weak, dependent and fragile.   The results of our study may be of use to understand how the journalistic practice actively uses stories about heroes to 1. personify a disaster, 2. summarize a fragmented chain of events and 3. project a distinction between the contemporary aspect of male and female.

Sans corps, pas d'histoires. Vecteur d'action, instrument de la narration, et support d'un lien d'identification fort entre le spectateur et le personnage, le corps est la principale figure des médiums cinématographique et télévisuel. Si le cinéma a toujours, depuis ses balbutiements, glorifié la vivacité inépuisable des corps, parallèlement déjà, planait la face inversée de cette exposition, la menace muette de la mort. Mais si le dernier souffle avant la mort est bien souvent encore, au cinéma et à la télévision, synonyme d'ultime communion avec la vie et de résistance à la mort, qu'en est-il du corps et du personnage quand la mort s'en est saisi à jamais et qu'il ne reste plus aux vivants, personnages et spectateurs, qu'à se confronter au cadavre ? Figure parasitaire, le cadavre n'est ni un personnage ni même un figurant. A la fois signe vide et noyau narratif, c'est à partir de lui et de son examen pendant l'autopsie ou sur les lieux du crime que va se nourrir et se développer l'intrigue policière. Et s'il peut paraître secondaire, voire accessoire, à regarder les fictions policières sous l'angle de son non-regard fixe et opaque, il donne à voir quelque chose du crime, de son caractère profondément injuste, et des rapports qu'entretiennent les vivants avec une mort qui se présente sur la table d'autopsie, sous ses traits les plus abjects. L'enjeu de cette thèse sera d'envisager la façon dont les fictions policières mettent en scène le cadavre comme le reflet, d'une troublante précision, d'un défaut contemporain de distanciation face à la mort. Il s'agira bien pour nous, et selon un principe analogue à celui qu'applique le philosophe Maxime Coulombe dans son essai sur les zombies, de considérer le cadavre fictionnel comme « analyseur de la société contemporaine » et comme « symptôme de ce qui taraude la conscience de notre époque » / Without bodies, no stories. A vehicle of action, a narrative agent, and the support of a strong identification link between the audience and the character, the body is the main figure of cinematographic and television mediums.If cinema has always, from its early stages, glorified the endless liveliness of bodies, the reverse side of this exposure has simultaneously been lingering: the mute threat of death. However, in films or in television series, if the last breath before death is often synonymous with a ultimate communion with life and with a resistance to death, what happens to the body and the character when death has seized them for ever, and the living – characters and audience – are only left facing the corpse? As a parasite figure, the corpse is neither a character nor even an extra. Both an empty sign and a narrative core, the crime plot will indeed develop from the corpse and its examination, during the autopsy or on the crime scene. And whereas the corpse may seem secondary, even minor, if we look at crime fictions from the angle of its fixed and opaque non-look, it still allows us to see something of the crime and of its deeply unfair nature, and of the relations between the living and a death that appears in its most abject features on the autopsy table. In this study, we will examine how crime fictions stage corpses as disturbingly precise reflects of a contemporary lack of perspective in front of death. Similarly to the philosopher Maxime Coulombe in his essay on zombies, we will consider the fictional corpse as an "analyser of contemporary society" and as a "symptom of what is tormenting the consciousness of our time"

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Dissertation focuses on men who became victims of domestic violence. Theoretical part is separated into four chapters. First chapter is talking about problem of domestic violence in general. Second chapter is focused especially on men as victims of domestic violence. Third chapter i stalking about social work and priciples how to help ad work with those victims of domestic violence. The last, fourth chapter is focused on how to help people who are threatened by domestic violence. Practical part of my dissertation is based on a qualitative research, which consists of semi- structured interviews. The aim of the empirical part is to introduced domestic violence, where the victims are men, show the concrete examples, describe the story of their life and current life situation, but also how the social workers see the probematics of domestic violence.

The topic of the thesis is "Criminal Law and Criminological Aspects of Domestic Violence". The phenomenon of domestic violence transpires through the whole society; it is a socially-wide issue which has been present for a long period of time. Initially, domestic violence was considered to be a private problem not to be intervened by the state. However, in last 30 years this attitude has changed and the interception of domestic violence gone through a significant transformation. The society started to recognize this issue as a subject of a public concern which requires also state intervention. The complexity of domestic violence requires interdisciplinary approach. The first part of the thesis provides definition and general description of domestic violence. It describes elements of domestic violence (such as privateness, recurrence, long-term, inequality of the involved parties, escalation, etc.), its kinds and forms, rules and specifics which differentiates domestic violence from other types of violent conduct. Further, it describes causes of domestic violence and theories of causes leading to its occurrence. The end of the first chapter deals with the role of gender in domestic violence. Criminological part of the thesis presents view on the perpetrators and victims of domestic violence and more...

Guardianship maltreatment is one of the most harmful crimes to a society, but the literature is somewhat neglected about it, for example, in comparison with the offense of battering a person living in common dwelling, namely domestic violence. Even so, it devotes some attention, at least that part of the issue related to the particular child victims of this crime. Crimes against persons who are unable to care for themselves on their own and are dependent on the care of another person who subsequently hurting is the socially very harmful or even liquidation. This offense is special both in terms of characteristics of the offender, and in terms of its subject, which is a victim of this crime. The most important peculiarity is that the object of attack is a person who is in the care of another. That person is helpless, unable to care for themselves properly. This is followed by another peculiarity of this crime, which is the relationship of the perpetrator to the victim. This has to be helping the victim in dealing with matters of everyday life and be so supportive to him. Instead, he uses this dependence, helplessness and utter reliance of the victim's person and tortures him. The sad truth is that most of the crime is committed by family members of the victim, that the victim of the person closest to him to...

Magister Legum - LLM / Crime victims once played a prominent role in the criminal justice system. Historically, victims who sought to bring their wrongdoers to justice conducted their own investigations and argued their own cases or employed others to do so. As time passed, a distinction was drawn between offences against the social order and disputes between individuals. Crime control became a function of government and the state increased its responsibility for the investigation and punishment of criminal conduct. Gradually, the victim was removed from the proceedings and relegated to serving as a witness for the state. The assumption was that the state, whilst representing the interests of society, would represent the interests of the victim also. This fallacy provided the foundation for a criminal justice which, until recently, encourage victim exclusion. In recent years, there has been a clear trend towards re-introducing the right of victims to participate in the criminal justice process. This international trend has been labelled the „return of the victim‟. In South Africa, the Constitution and, in particular, the Bill of Rights contained therein underscore the move towards procedural rights for victims of crime. Moreover, the South African government has taken significant legislative steps to ensure that victims have formal rights in criminal justice proceedings. However, to date, comparatively little attention has been paid to the question of whether or not victims should be allowed a meaningful role in the process of plea and sentence negotiations. One of the aims of this study is to determine whether victims‟ rights are properly understood, defined and implemented within the criminal justice system. In particular, this study aims to clarify the rights of victims who find themselves affiliated with a specific stage of criminal prosecution, namely, negotiated justice.

Le discernement est traditionnellement rattaché à l’étude de l’élément moral de l’infraction.Sous l’empire du Code pénal de 1810, des fondements de droit naturel sont à l’oeuvre, si bien que le discernement fut défini par emprunt au droit canon comme une aptitude à distinguer le bien du mal. Mais cette acception ne révèle pas la teneur originelle du critère du libre-arbitre :il correspondait à la connaissance de la loi divine dont le droit séculier n’était que le reflet.L’analyse du droit positif laïcisé invite à découvrir l’existence d’une présomption de connaissance de la loi toujours aussi impérative que dans les systèmes de pénalité antiques.Le discernement peut alors être défini comme une conscience réflexive : la connaissance des droits et devoirs reconnus à chaque personne, au sein de statuts juridiques que la prolifération des normes contribue à préciser. Aussi, la culpabilité n’est pas une connaissance de l’illicéité d’un résultat ; elle procède de l’ignorance des prescriptions légales chez celui qui est présumé en connaître l’existence. En procédure pénale, cette présomption devient protectrice des droits du mis en cause. Aucun acte coercitif ne peut être exercé à son encontre s’il n’a été avisé du statut dont il relève. Cette information assure ainsi la finalité rétributive de la peine chez celui qui n’ignore pas les raisons de sa condamnation. En tout état de cause, la soumission des individus au droit pénal est le seul objectif poursuivi en la matière, ce qui nécessite parfois la présence de victimes au procès pénal, à la seule fin de préserver leur foi en son impérativité. / Discernment is traditionally attached to the study of the « moral element » of the offense. Under the influence of the Penal Code of 1810, the foundations of natural law are at work, so that the discernment was defined by canon law as the ability to distinguish good from evil. But this understanding does not reveal the content of the original criterion of free will: it used to correspond to the knowledge of the divine law which secular law was only the reflection. The analysis of positive law secularized invites you to discover the existence of a presumption of knowledge of the law as imperative as it was in the systems of ancient penalty. Discernment can then be defined as a reflexive consciousness: the awareness of rights and obligations identified to each person within legal statutes that the proliferation of standards helps to clarify. Also, guilt is not a knowledge of the wrongfulness of an outcome; it proceeds fromignorance of the legal requirements in the person who is presumed to know of its existence. In criminal proceedings, this presumption becomes protective of the rights of the suspect. No coercive act can be exercised against him if he has not been notified of the status to which he belongs. This information ensures the retributive purpose of punishment, for the one who can’t ignore the reasons for his conviction. In any event, the submission of individuals to the established rules is the only objective of the criminal law, which might imply that it accepts the presence of victims in criminal proceedings, for the sole purpose of preserving their faith in his imperativity.

The purpose of this study is to examine the media coverage of a police shooting in Bagarmossen, Stockholm. According to the news the police claimed it was an act of self-defense as a man fired a gun at them which is why the man was shot to death, but a month later stated that the man had not even been armed. The following study seeks to analyze the differences and similarities between articles published before and after the modified information. It also examines social actors present and how the media portrays them. We applied discourse analysis on sixteen news articles to answer our research questions. The prominent differences we found were in the portrayals of the incident and the most protrusive social actors in­volved. Before the police changed their state­ment, the man shot dead was portrayed as a criminal with deviant behavior. After the changed statement, the media portrayed him as a family man with strong ties to his hometown. The police were another social actor in our study, portrayed before the changed statements as efficient with a strong work ethic. After, the police were por­trayed as dishonest and lacking severely in their communica­tion as a legitimate authori­ty. One of the similarities found before and after the changed statement was the pres­ence of the local community as a social actor and its significance for the news media's portrayal of the incident.