The purpose of the study was to generate a knowledge contribution to graphic design. By examining the packaging of two milk and two oat drinks, the aim was to study and reflect on how companies represent sustainability through specific elements in the graphic design. The study is based on theories related to sustainability and packaging design, authenticity, greenwashing, certification of products and related studies. This study was based on qualitative research through visual and comparative analysis. Primary data has been created in the form of image analysis of packaging. The focus was on examining how companies imagine and convey messages about sustainability through the visual design of the packaging. The study has been conducted concerning the theory presented and reality. Consequently, research has become tied to the problematization of theory and study. In combination with theory, the empirical material resulted in a basis for analysis. The study showed that companies usually offer sustainability through certifications, informing consumers about food waste or abandonment of the use of the screw cap. Other things that may contribute to the brand’s perception as sustainable are packaging color and texture, using images associated with nature and information about how companies work with sustainability.

Title without typo: Visual Analysis of Within-Subject Data: A Comparison Within and Across Certification Levels The field of behavior analysis has relied on the visual inspection of data to draw conclusions about the effects of experimental manipulations on dependent variables (Baer, Wolf, & Risley, 1968; Baer, Wolf, & Risley 1987; Kazdin, 1982). Although previous researchers have consistently found low levels of interrater agreement when manipulating the statistical parameters of graphs (e.g., DeProspero & Cohen, 1979; Ottenbacher, 1986), research conducted by Kahng et al. (2010) disagrees with the finding that poor interrater agreement is common among applied behavior analysts. The purpose of the current study was to replicate and extend the findings of Kahng et al. In Experiment 1, Editors of several applied behavior analysis journals and BCBA-Ds provided a dichotomous response and numerical rating to the question whether a set of simulated ABAB graphs displayed experimental. High levels of agreement were found for Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, Masters-level BCBAs were also asked to reply to a set of simulated ABAB graphs similar to those presented in Experiment 1. Low levels of agreement were found for Experiment 2. Additionally, In Experiment 3 the effects of multiple exemplar training on participant interrater agreement were examined. Improved performance across all three participants was observed. However, an increasing trend in responding was observed across baseline, training, and generalization suggesting repeated exposure to the ABAB graphs led to improvement. Taken together, the findings of Experiment 1 and Kahng et al. suggest that consistent analysis of intrasubject data is possible under certain circumstances.

In this self-study inquiry, I studied my graphic design practice in a professional setting, focusing on my Arabic typographic skills and knowledge. My roles as researcher and design educator indivisibly intertwined throughout this research. I worked to understand the value of calligraphy in art and design education, highlighting its power as an art form while also emphasizing its pedagogical potentials. I utilized two theoretical approaches suited to investigating and understanding the Arabic letters as text and image, Ibn Arabi’s science of letters, or 'ilm al-hurûf, and semiotics. I applied my theoretical framework to three distinctive artworks to investigate their uses of the Arabic letters, contemplating their roles in modern and contemporary Arab art. Essential to my research was learning Arabic calligraphy through two approaches: 1) I attended a calligraphy workshop, and 2) I conducted three self-study experimentations. I analyzed my experience through visual representations, commentary, and narrative inquiry to assess Arabic calligraphy’s significance for graphic design education. As such, my experimentations confirmed Arabic calligraphy’s aesthetic and educational value. I employed my findings to create a contemporary Arabic typography curriculum suitable for university-level students. This curriculum is built on learning theories such as visual culture analysis, semiotics, constructivist theory, play principles, and critical thinking, aiming to situate Arabic calligraphy as a modern learning model significant for typography education. Finally, I constructed a basic course for Arabic typography to support students’ development of Arabic typography fluency.

當一個新聞事件發生時，相關訊息通常會被新聞媒體所報導，而民眾亦能透過網路上各種管道發表己見。近年來，社群媒體已成為記者與民眾散播訊息的重要平台，也是研究新聞發展的重要管道。但隨著時間累積的龐大訊息量，使用人工的方式來收集資料，以了解事件整體脈絡的方式往往事倍功半。本研究利用Twitter做為資料來源，透過各種視覺化的圖表及統計資訊，協助新聞研究者透過漸進的方式操作系統各階段的功能，逐步篩選出新聞事件的關鍵推文。系統可客製化參數的設計讓使用者能依觀察到的現象來調整系統推薦的推文，進而達到瞭解發展歷程的目標。我們邀請4位受試者，透過系統操作教學及引導式任務讓受試者學習如何使用系統，最後讓受試者自由探索，並透過問卷與訪談的方式來探討系統的優缺點。問卷的評分使用5分量表，實驗結果在有用性向度的平均分數為4.1，表示本系統能有效地幫助使用者分析事件的發展歷程；而易用性向度的平均分數為4.3，顯示受試者對本系統的易用性表示認同。本系統的主要目的，是希望能協助使用者找尋新聞事件中的關鍵推文，並瞭解其發展歷程，由實驗結果與受試者回饋顯示，本研究的視覺化分析系統具有幫助理解事件脈絡的能力，證實了本系統的發展價值。 / When a new event happens, related messages can not only be released by the press but also through various network channels by the general public. In recent years, social media have become a popular and important platform for news reporters and the general public to propagate news messages. However, due to the massive amount of messages on the social media platforms, it is very time consuming to manually collect these data in order to grasp the development of a news event over time. In this research, we aim to develop a visualization system that can help researchers find key tweets on twitters for a news event in an incremental manner. Our system allows a user to customize design parameters for finding key tweets from various aspects in order to understand how a news event evolve over time on social media. We have invited four participants to test use our system through a tutorial, guided tasks, and free exploration. A questionnaire survey and interview were conducted after the experiments. The evaluation results show that the average score for the usability dimension is 4.1 out of 5, showing that the system can effectively assist the users in analyzing the development of a news event. The average score for the ease-of-use dimension is 4.3, meaning that most users agree that our system is easy to use. The results reveal that our research goals of helping users find key tweets and understand news development have been achieved and the development of such a visualization system is valuable for news analysis on social media.

Les terrains vacants sont, à Montréal, des éléments indéniables dans la composition de la trame urbaine. Leur présence soutenue intéresse déjà depuis longtemps de nombreux auteurs et décideurs municipaux. Toutefois, il s’avère que l’on connaît peu les caractéristiques paysagères de ces espaces. Cette recherche en aménagement vise à compléter nos connaissances sur cette typologie d’espace urbain. Elle porte sur la caractérisation paysagère des terrains vacants du centre-ville de Montréal et sur l’étude de leur potentiel visuel à mettre en valeur les attributs significatifs du paysage urbain. Ces deux études doivent permettre de comprendre le rôle joué par ces vides dans la perception du paysage urbain. Cette démarche s’interroge sur la possibilité que certains vides puissent être justifiés et légitimés en regard de la notion de lisibilité du paysage urbain (Lynch, 1976, 1982). Les terrains joueraient un rôle important au niveau de la perception des paysages urbains. Il s’agit de démontrer le potentiel des espaces vacants dans la mise en valeur du paysage urbain, dans l’optique, pour certains d’entre eux, de légitimer le vide ou une partie du vide qui les définit, de les rendre structurants dans la composition urbaine. Grâce à un travail d’observation des caractéristiques urbaines, contextuelles, visuelles et physiques, l’étude a pu à la fois dresser le portrait de ces espaces en attente de développement urbain et démontrer leur implication dans la lisibilité urbaine. Ce travail présente l’intérêt d’offrir un énoncé sur la planification du développement des terrains vacants du centre-ville de Montréal en regard de la notion de lisibilité urbaine partie prenante dans la qualité urbaine. / In Montreal, vacant lots are undeniable elements in the composition of the urban pattern. For a long time, their sustained presence has interested various authors (Lévesque, Prost, etc.) and municipal authorities. However, it turns out that we know little about the landscape character assessment of these spaces. This research seeks to complete our knowledge of this typology of urban spaces in Downtown Montreal trough a landscape character assessment and a study of their visual potential. Those two studies will underline the role of these voids in the urban landscape perception. Some vacant lots are maybe part of a good urban imageability. This study assumes that vacant lots have an important role with regards to the urban landscape perception. By collecting information which refers to urban, contextual, visual and physical characteristics, observations were able to prove that there is a relationship between the urban imageability and the voids generated by the vacant lot. It demonstrated the potential of those spaces to enhance the urban landscape by their structuring abilities. This study proposes a first glimpse of a coherent planning for the development of downtown vacant lots, in particular, through the notion of imageability as an integral part of the urban quality.

For almost 200 years the University College of Physical Education and Sports in Stockholm (former Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics; GCI later GIH; Stockholm College of Physical Education and Sports) has been educating PE teachers - and still does. In the very beginning and throughout the first 100 years, gymnastics was a major part of the studies at the institute, and also in ordinary schools. Early gymnastics were invented by Per Henrik Ling, the father of the Swedish Ling gymnastics, and later developed by his son, Hjalmar Ling. The part of the Ling system called pedagogical gymnastics, consisted of “daily gymnastic training exercises”, which showed how gymnastics should be taught and performed. The aim of this thesis is to follow and describe gymnastics as a subject and its development at the PE teacher-training programme at GCI/GIH. Special attention is placed on the movement part without apparatus (the floor exercise) for male and female students. The time period studied is 1944 to 1992. The thesis consists of two separate empirical studies, with a shared interview study of 12 former teacher educators participating in both studies. Besides the above-mentioned interviews, the methods used are document analyses and visual analyses. Triangulation is used in order to follow the changes of the subject’s content, figuration and representation. The first empirical study investigates the institution of gymnastics’- collective memory, its content and legitimacy. This is done by looking at what time was allotted to the subject in relation to other subjects, and also which concepts were used in relation to floor exercise. The interviews deal with the objectives of the subject and what kind of influences the former teacher educators came in contact with. From a semiotic approach, the second study deals with visual analyses of film sequences, with floor exercises performed by male and female students. (See enclosed CD). The film material comes from the Institute’s events. The content and composition of the film sequences are analysed, and the representation of the movements is interpreted by semiotic discourse analyses. The interview study deals with the former teacher educators’ pedagogical view of the formation of the gymnastics. The results show that in 1944 the subject gymnastics took approximately 40% of the total study time. In 1992 the time allocated for gymnastics has been reduced to approximately 9%. From the 1940s to the 1970s, two separate gymnastics discourses existed, one male and one female, expressed in the movement content and in the figuration of movements. The male discourse was maintained almost intact, without any changes. The female discourse, on the other hand, was continually changed and developed over the actual period of time, strongly influenced by rhythmic and dance. When coeducation was implemented in the late 1970s, a new culture of body movements was developed – which was unisex. Between 1949 and1970 in the film material, the masculine discourse was represented by the body image of a systematically trained and disciplined body, executing corrective gymnastics exercises, according to an instrumental way of looking at physical training. The smooth, healthy looking young body image of a woman, executing rhythmical aesthetical gymnastics, according to existing values, characterised the feminine discourse. There seems to have been aesthetics fostering rationality that ruled the female gymnastics. In 1985 the representation of the body image changed, and focus on the performance of the movements disappeared. The objectives of the subject have changed from the collective, corrective and/or aesthetical form of gymnastics to a gymnastic discourse where the attention of simplifying the movements, the individual and the social climate in the group are central. Finally, the findings show that four factors have influenced the changes and development of the subject and the teacher-training programme. Firstly, changes in society in terms of equality, gender roles and a changed role of the PE teacher. Secondly, the impact of the sport discourse outweighed the status of the gymnastics discourse and its legitimacy. The cultivating values, in terms of the aesthetical schooling for the female students, disappeared. Thirdly, the striving for research-related instructions in the teachertraining programme, (urged by the state from 1977) affected both time allotments for gymnastics and sports and the relation between theoretical and practical courses. Finally, over the years, the subject gymnastics has been strongly influenced by different scientific discourses: first the medical discourse, followed by the physiological discourse and from the1980s and on, by the social scientific (pedagogical) discourse.

No description available.

Denna studie ämnar undersöka hur Systembolaget väljer att konstruera målgruppen i reklamfilmer för deras antilangningskampanj. Systembolaget har inte en uttalad begränsad målgrupp, utan deras målgrupp är den svenska befolkningen. Syftet med denna studie är att genom att studera de semiotiska resurserna ta reda på om Systembolaget, som de beskriver själva ”finns till för alla”, i reklamfilmerna för deras antilangningskampanj eller om det går att finna en begränsad målgrupp. För att besvara syftet med denna studie lyder forskningsfrågorna följande: vilken målgrupp konstruerar Systembolagets i deras reklamfilmer genom sina val av semiotiska resurser? Och stämmer denna målgrupp överens med deras samhällsansvar? Materialet för studien består av tio av Systembolagets reklamfilmer för deras antilangningskampanj mellan åren 2009 och 2020. För att analysera detta material har en visuell analys med en grund inom det sociosemiotiska fältet tillämpats. Iden visuella analysen studeras de semiotiska resurserna genre, scener och kameravinklar; karaktärer och miljö samt språk och värderingar. Resultatet av studien visar att det går att finna en begränsad målgrupp i reklamfilmerna. En tydlig avsaknad av mångfald gällande klass och kön hittas i Systembolagets reklamfilmer med antilangningsfokus. Nästintill alla karaktärer i samtliga filmer består av vita personer samtidigt som nästan alla miljöer visar ett medelklasshem. I de fall där icke-vita karaktärer förekommer är det de vita karaktärerna som innehar de framträdande rollerna.

Uppsatsen undersöker spelgrafik i Cyberpunk 2077, mot bakgrund av händelserna kring spelets offentliggörande – som väckte stort raseri och missnöje från inte bara spelarna själva, utan även aktieägare och spelrecensenter. Utgångspunkten i analysen är etablerandet av en diskursiv läsning inom en kvalitativ visuell analys av ett urval bilder som visar hur människor i spelet manipuleras till att köpa produkter som är skadliga för dem. Hur bilderna visar just detta – etableras i en andra, djupare läsning utifrån ett antal marxistiska positioner som alla har gemensamt att de beskriver processer relevanta för Karl Marx’ tankar om alienation och förfrämligande.Resultatet diskuteras sedan i relation till hur verkliga film-, spel-, data- och storföretag säljer produkter genom att paketera dem inuti berättelser om klasskamp, civilt uppror eller arbetarkultur. Sambandet mellan CD Projekt Red’s inbladning i fiktiv och verklig kapitalism, utgör det viktigaste resultatet och den röda tråden för arbetet. Huvudsakligen gestaltar sambandet sig genom upprättandet av en varufetischism och kommodifiering i fråga om hur de gestaltar- och kommunicerar till sina egna konsumenter. Jag diskuterar sedan riskerna med dataspel som tillämpning för en marxistisk kritik, då den interaktiva komponenten i spelandet förutsätter människan som en del av produkten. / The essay surveys relevant game art inside Cyberpunk 2077, in the light of the recent and heavily criticized product launch. The study starts out with establishing a discourse reading through qualitative visual samples of how costumers are manipulated to buy hazardous products inside the fictive context of the game. The examples of how this manipulation takes place, are shown by applying pre-described Marxist positions that are generally connected to Marx phases of alienation (see keywords below). The results are then discussed in relation to how real movie-, game-, computer- and other big business markets products through appropriation of stories and themes such as class struggle, civil obedience or working-class culture. Establishing the comparison between the fictive and existing capitalism of CD Projekt Red is the main thesis that is followed through the work and verified in the result through evidence of 3 commodification and commodity fetishism. The main aspect of the arguments focuzes on how CD Projekt Red has shown the relationship between themselves and their followers through consumers and manufacturers. The thesis and subject matter is discussed in the end of the essay, also mentioning the risks of analysing a digital game through Marxist perspectives, since the interactive part of gaming requires the player to be viewed as connected to the product.

Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur tre av de största internationella barnrättsorganisationerna porträtterar karaktärer, i synnerhet barn i reklamfilm med sociosemiotiken som teoretiskt ramverk. Materialet som analyseras består av nio utvalda filmer från Unicef, SOS Barnbyar samt Rädda Barnen som publicerats under tidsperioden 2015–2020. Följande tre frågeställningar har formulerats för att besvara studiens syfte: Hur framställs barnen visuellt, hur porträtteras de i relation till vuxna karaktärer och speglar framställningen av barn i filmerna organisationernas kärnvärden? För att kunna genomföra en strukturerad analys delades materialet initialt in i en tabell med tre variabler där förekomsten av barn och vuxna noterades översiktligt i samtliga filmer. Följande kunde därmed tre kategorier utläsas innehållande filmer med dominerande vuxna karaktärer, dominerande barnkaraktärer samt en sista kategori med både vuxna och barn i relativt jämn fördelning sett till antal karaktärer. Resultatet visade att barn övergripande framställs på ett passivt vis, tillskrivs färre repliker och används som symboler för att tillskriva vuxna karaktärer egenskaper. Studien påvisar även ett fenomen där barn i flera filmer framställs i liggande och bärande positioner vilket ytterligare förstärker antagandet om en passiv framställning i relation till vuxna karaktärer som inte i något fall syntes i dessa positioner. Sammanfattningsvis kan studiens resultat påvisa vikten av att organisationer som åsyftar att kämpa för mänskliga rättigheter, som i denna studie specifikt barns rättigheter, bör vara måna om att framställningen av karaktärer i den egna kommunikationen speglar deras kärnvärden. Detta då en icke rättvis framställning av människor påverkar vilka normer och värderingar som upprätthålls i samhället i stort och således kan kollidera med organisationernas syfte.