In a world increasingly shaped by digitalization, digital services necessitate a strong foundation in digital competence to ensure social inclusion. As part of the rising digitalization efforts within schools, a certain level of digital accessibility is required and they play a crucial role in providing information and services to students and parents. The purpose of this study is to conduct a quantitative analysis to determine whether the studied Swedish high school websites meet current laws, standards, and guidelines related to web accessibility. In related research, challenges faced by developers and editors in developing accessible websites are highlighted. Municipal as well as independent schools both constitute public entities and are therefore obligated under the DOS-law to adhere to the guidelines and laws governing digital services (websites, apps, digital documents, etc.). Considering the law that will be enacted in 2025, encompassing all economic actors, public entities are of interest as study subjects. The results show that none of the websites studied meet the existing requirements. The results also indicate that the websites of municipalities are considered more accessible than those of independent schools.

The internet is an important source for people to access news and other important information that can be crucial for their daily lives. Previous research has shown that accessibility guidelines are not prioritized in many businesses and that knowledge of the fact that increased accessibility benefits all users is limited. This study focuses on the implementation of WCAG on landing pages for commercial and state-owned companies. The study had some limitations that led to only the landing pages being examined and not the entire website, which may be considered insufficient. But since a person in need of an accessible website needs to feel welcome and understood already on the landingpage, an examination of the landing page gives an indication of how the entire website relates to accessibility. A statistical, descriptive analysis has been used as the method for data analysis. The descriptive method was used to create visual representations of the dataset through box plot diagrams. The boxplot-diagrams provide a simple visual presentation of the data's distribution, central values, and deviations. The analysis shows significant differences in accessibility levels on the landing pages for commercial and state-owned companies. State-owned companies perform better with fewer elements that do not meet WCAG guidelines and higher contrast differences compared to commercial companies. This indicates that commercial companies need to improve accessibility on their landing pages, especially when it comes to meeting WCAG guidelines on contrast.

Previous studies indicate that visually impaired users of screen readers experience more difficulty interacting with websites when there is an absence of accessibility. The purpose of this study is to focus on IA components: organisation, labelling and navigation and accessibility guidelines recommended for screen readers from WCAG 2.1 to investigate the current status of accessibility regarding screen readers on Swedish websites. The websites that have been analysed are divided into three categories: government, target group-oriented, and commercial. These categories represent users’ possible everyday services. The study was conducted using a quantitative document study with an observation schedule and an univariate analysis. The results indicate that the government category had implemented most acceptable accessibility adaptations, however this was to be expected as it is regulated by the law of DOS. On the other hand, the commercial category implemented the least acceptable accessibility adaptations. This was expected as previous research has revealed that online stores have poor accessibility. Lastly the target group-oriented category had performed accessibility adaptations that were less acceptable than the government yet more acceptable than the commercial. The primary users of the target group-oriented category are visually impaired users, therefore, there were expectations of more and better implemented accessibility adaptations. The conclusion is that there are deficiencies regarding accessibility in the categories included in the study. It shows that the lack of accessibility can be linked to IA, as the implementation of accessibility adaptations represented how well the components had been used and applied.

Knowledge regarding accessibility adaptations in web design in order to benefit and include people with disabilities in today's digital society is an important cornerstone in the work of minimizing the digital divide. Such features include enlarging or reducing text, distinct navigation, alt-texts, ensuring high contrast between foreground and background. Web design also needs to be compatible with commonly used aids. Previous studies show that there is a lack of accessible websites (Hewitt & Yingchen, 2021), thus proving proof of limited knowledge regarding accessibility adaptations amongst designers and developers (Ferati & Vogel, 2020). The digital divide may increase and more people may feel excluded and discriminated against unless this doesn't change soon (Post och telestyrelsen, 2019). This study aims to explore whether the lack of knowledge among designers and developers affects the digital divide.

I och med att digitalisering, användning av internet och e-tjänster har ökat finns ett stort behov av att se till att webbsidors information kan nå ut till och tillgodogöras av alla individer. Det finns ett antal lagar, riktlinjer och krav för att uppnå detta. I Sverige är det ett lagkrav för offentlig service att skapa digitala tjänster som är tillgängliga för alla individer oavsett behov och förmågor, vilket framkommer i Lag om tillgänglighet till digital offentlig service som bygger på bestämmelser från EU-direktivet och har i syfte att säkerställa att offentlig service kan nås av alla individer. I syfte att undersöka användbarhet, tillgänglighet och potentiella förbättringsmöjligheter hos Nationell Patientenkäts resultatsida har användbarhetstester med testuppgifter, think aloud, semi-strukturerade intervjuer samt SUS-enkäter tillämpats. Testerna genomfördes av sex testdeltagare för att ge insikt i potentiella användares interaktion med webbsidan. Utvärdering av tillgänglighet genomfördes genom att testa Nationell Patientenkäts resultatsida mot utvalda krav ur WCAG 2.1, dessa valdes ut utifrån resultaten från användbarhetstesterna. I analys av insamlade data utifrån Benyons 12 designprinciper och utifrån analys av hur webbsidan lever upp till kriterier ur WCAG 2.1 framkom det att resultatsidan har rätt god användbarhet samt tillgänglighet, men för att öka båda dessa skulle mindre justeringar behöva göras främst inom synlighet och tydlighet för funktionalitet.

Webben har stor betydelse för vårt samhälle, och det är därför viktigt att den är tillgänglig för alla. Personer med någon form av funktionsvariation är en grupp som tidigare inte inkluderats i utformningen och utvecklingen av webben, men det finns idag en lagstiftning om digital tillgänglighet. I den här studien har lagstiftningen inspirerat till idén om att alla studerande ska ha samma utbildningsmöjligheter. Studien syftar till att skapa en tillgängligare webb för studerande, genom att undersöka två aspekter av tillgänglighet på webben. LenaSys, Högskolan i Skövdes lärplattform, har använts föratt undersöka vilken påverkan tillgänglighetsanpassad kod kommer att ha på den ursprungliga programkoden, och vilken påverkan tillgänglighetsanpassningen kommer ha på webbsidans svarstid. Resultatet indikerade att tillämpning av tillgänglighetsanpassad programkod ökade mängden data på sidan och gav en längre svarstid. Samtidigt innebär implementering av tillgänglighetsanpassad kod små förändringar för en utvecklare men stora förbättringar för en person med en funktionsvariation.

I denna rapport presenteras en undersökning av de sex största aktörerna på den svenska apoteksbranschen (sett till marknadsandelar) och hur de förhåller sig till de krav på tillgänglighet som återfinns i Webbtillgänglighetsdirektivet. Kraven är framtagna av organisationen W3C och benämns WCAG - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines och undersökningen genomförs på det sätt som organisationen själva rekommenderar: genom en manuell granskning samt genom ett automatiserat test. Undersökningen visar att det finns ett antal brister hos samtliga aktörer och som slutsats dras att den svenska apoteksbranschen inte kan klassas som tillgänglig på webben i enlighet med Webbtillgänglighetsdirektivet. / This paper presents an analysis of the six largest parties in the swedish pharmacy industries and how they comply with the criterias given in the Web Accessibility Directive (EU 2016/2102). The criterias are formulated by the organisation W3C and go by the name WCAG - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines and the analysis is performed given the recommendations of the organisation: one manuell inspection and one automated test. The analysis shows that all of the parties have a number of issues on their web pages and the conclusion is drawn that the swedish pharmacy industrie does not comply with the Web Accessibility Directive.

Den ökade användningen av E-Hälsa i Sverige, delvis driven av den rådande Coronaviruspandemin, illustreras tydligt av det digitala vårdmötet - “nätdoktorn”. Lagen om tillgänglighet till digital offentlig service (DOS-lagen) trädde i kraft 2019. Den bestämmer krav för att statliga, regionala, och kommunala aktörer ska säkerställa att tjänsterna de erbjuder är tillgängliga för alla. Om de inte är det ska en redogörelse finnas som förklarar varför, och hur de planerar att åtgärda bristerna. Lagen inkluderar privata aktörer som finansieras med offentliga medel. Den träder först i kraft för mobilapplikationer i slutet av juni 2021. Målet med denna studien var att ta reda på hur tillgängliga dessa privata aktörer faktiskt är, och till vilken grad de riskerar att exkludera människor. Detta målet uppnåddes genom att jämföra de tre mest populära mobila applikationer som erbjuder digitala vårdmöten, emot kriterierna i WCAG 2.1 till nivå AA. Kriterierna testades med två mobiltelefoner: en med operativsystemet Android, och en med iOS. Samtliga applikationer visade sig till stor del inte följa riktlinjerna. En fullständig redogörelse gjordes för vilka applikationer som bröt mot vilka riktlinjer, med relevanta skärmdumpar inkluderade. Resultaten analyserades efter hur detta kan påverka användaren, och diskuterades utefter hur detta kan påverka samhället i stort. Tidigare forskning kring den digitala klyftan, samt tillgång till digital sjukvård, jämfördes med resultaten för att forma studiens slutsatser. Undersökningen visar tydligt att avvikelser från riktlinjerna skapar problem för funktionsvarierade användare, och att endast en av applikationerna erbjuder stöd för fler språk utöver svenska och engelska. Studien instämmer även med tidigare forskare om att framtida forskning och utveckling av E-Hälsa och digital tillgänglighet måste vara användardriven - specifikt driven av funktionsvarierade användare. / The sharp increase in E-Health usage driven by the COVID-19 pandemic has in Sweden most notably been observed in the rise of mobile applications offering remote health care-consultations. The law of accessible digital public service has been in effect since 2019. It compels governmental, regional, and municipal bodies to ensure that their services are accessible for everyone and, if not, to produce a full accounting of how and why. This includes private agents who provide a publicly funded service. This law only starts applying to mobile applications from June in 2021. The aim of the study was to find out how accessible the services these agents provide are, and to what degree they may risk excluding people. The aim was achieved by comparing the three most popular mobile applications that provide remote consultations, against the success criterions of the WCAG 2.1 to level AA. One phone running Android and one running iOS were used in testing. All three applications were found to be largely non-conforming to the guidelines. A full accounting was made of how the tested success criterions were met by each application, with included screenshot examples. The results were analysed in view of the direct implication on the user, and discussed concerning what implications they may have on a societal level. Corollaries were drawn to past research of access to digital healthcare and the digital divide to form conclusions. A lack of accessibility in these applications was concluded to threaten work towards social sustainability. Breaching the guidelines directly creates problems for disabled users, and only one of the applications supports a great range of languages. In agreement with past researchers, future accessibility research and WCAG-analysis is strongly suggested to be user-centered - specifically centered around disabled users.

This thesis evaluates a DEMO version of the mobile web site for medical recordsonline, m.minavardkontakter.se, from a web accessibility point of view. The evaluationis an expert evaluation based on the ISO standard for web accessibility, Web ContentAccessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 that is complemented with an evaluation basedon fictitious characters, so called personas. The personas were used to representthree groups of people with different kinds of disabilities; perceptual impairment(aniridia), physical impairment (rheumatism) and cognitive impairment (aphasia). Bycombining and comparing these two methods of evaluation, the thesis also evaluatesthe methods themselves. It was seen from both evaluations that the mobile web sitedoes not entirely fulfill the requirements (success criteria) for web accessibility.WCAG 2.0 found more problems in accessibility than did the personas. However, thepersonas found some problems that were overseen by WCAG 2.0, especially whenthe mobile web site was explored using voice synthesis. The results from the twoevaluations were combined in a set of recommendations for improvement, ranked inorder of importance according to the author. The results conclude that WCAG 2.0 isa good tool for evaluating web accessibility but it is recommended to continue to usethe personas in the future development of the mobile web site.

Since the start of 2019 a new law has been introduced in Sweden, it serves to regulate web accessibility conformity for all publicly funded organisations. At the same time, many services and businesses move their physical fronts to the web. With more digitalization comes a greater need for web accessibility and there might be a risk that users with cognitive disabilities are neglected or forgotten when new and advanced tools and technologies are developed. Accessibility often receives low or no priority in the private sector due to the lack of time and resources. Cognitive disabilities do not always show and there is a risk that the difficulties are not taken into account when services or webpages are developed. These disabilities can affect areas such as the ability to learn new things, memory and the ability to plan one's actions. The purpose of this study is to investigate if there is any knowledge and experience among Swedish developers concerning accessibility, cognitive disabilities and the needs those individuals might have. To perform this study the needs had to be identified and connected to the standard that acts as a base for the new Swedish law. For this purpose, theory was gathered through a literature study as a foundation for a qualitative study consisting of a series of interviews with developers from six different organisations in the Swedish private sector. The interview subjects were selected from different organisations so that their views and opinions would not be affected by one and other for the purpose of increasing the studies generalizability. The interviews were held at locations selected by the interviewees by two different interviewers. The result from the literature study showed that there was no direct support for cognitive disabilities in the standard, but there are guidelines that could be applied to some of the needs identified in the study. Furthermore, the results of the interviews showed that the general knowledge and experience concerning accessibility and specifically cognitive accessibility is very low among Swedish developers. This study is aimed towards people working with development but is also suitable for students and teachers who wish to know more about accessibility and cognitive accessibility.