L’histoire du concept d’idéologie est riche des différentes définitions qui ont tenté de le circonscrire, en tension entre la description de visions du monde et la dénonciation de la « fausse conscience ». Chez les penseurs regroupés sous le nom d’ « École de Francfort », l’idéologie en vient à équivaloir au phénomène de l’industrie culturelle, c’est-à-dire la mise au service de la raison technique dans la production de la culture. Le statut du cinéma est intéressant à cet égard : non seulement est-ce un art né à l’époque industrielle et indissociable des possibilités techniques offertes par celle-ci, mais il a été mobilisé pour de nombreuses entreprises propagandistes, plus ou moins subtiles. La question directrice de l’interrogation est donc la suivante : selon la théorie critique de l’École de Francfort, le cinéma peut-il être considéré comme de l’art ou est-il confiné au domaine de l’idéologie ? Autrement dit, le cinéma peut-il revendiquer un statut qui ne ferait pas de lui qu’un support de la domination de l’humain par l’humain ? / The history of the concept of ideology is rich in different definitions that have attempted to circumscribe it, in a tension between the description of different worldviews and the denunciation of “false consciousness.” For the thinkers grouped under the name “Frankfurt School” ideology comes to equate the phenomenon of the Culture industry, that is to say, technical reason put at the service of the production of culture. The status of film in interesting in this regard: not only is it an art born in the industrial age and inseparable from the technical possibilities offered by the industry, but it has also been used for numerous, more or less subtle, propagandist undertakings. The leading question of our inquiry is thus the following: according to the critical theory of the Frankfurt School, can film be considered as a genuine form of art or is it confined to the realm of ideology? In other words, can film claim a status which would not make it solely a support of human-over-human domination?

O presente trabalho caracteriza-se por apresentar, pela primeira vez, uma vertente pouco conhecida do escritor gaúcho Caio Fernando Abreu: a poesia. Essa pesquisa participa das discussões levantadas pela Crítica Genética, centrando-se na organização dos manuscritos dos 116 poemas, praticamente todos inéditos, visando a uma publicação, e no acompanhamento do percurso criativo do poeta. Para tanto, essa tese se estrutura em três etapas: fixação dos poemas; estudo das campanhas de escritura através de poemas representativos; análise dos temas da falta, do olhar e da memória, fundamentada nas reflexões de Walter Benjamin, principalmente em Sobre alguns temas em Baudelaire. Nossa proposta é articular a poesia de Caio F. e as discussões acerca de seu processo de escritura, ampliando o olhar da Crítica Genética sobre a produção poética e as possibilidades de abordagens da obra do escritor gaúcho. / This work is characterized by the presentation, for the first time, of an unknown ability of the brazilian writer Caio Fernando Abreu: the poetry. This research considers the discussions raised by Genetic Criticism, focusing on the organization of the manuscripts of the 116 poems, which most of them are unpublished poems, leading to an organized publication of them and to the creative course of the poet. For such, this work is organized in three steps: i) setting of poems; ii) study of the movements of writing considering representative poems and iii) the analysis of the themes: the absence, the view and the memory, based on the reflections of Walter Benjamin, mainly in On Some Motifs of Baudelaire. This proposal is to articulate the poetry of Caio F. and the discussions concerning his writing process, enlarging the view of the Genetic Criticism about his poetical work and the possibilities of considering the legacy of this writer from south Brazil.

O presente trabalho caracteriza-se por apresentar, pela primeira vez, uma vertente pouco conhecida do escritor gaúcho Caio Fernando Abreu: a poesia. Essa pesquisa participa das discussões levantadas pela Crítica Genética, centrando-se na organização dos manuscritos dos 116 poemas, praticamente todos inéditos, visando a uma publicação, e no acompanhamento do percurso criativo do poeta. Para tanto, essa tese se estrutura em três etapas: fixação dos poemas; estudo das campanhas de escritura através de poemas representativos; análise dos temas da falta, do olhar e da memória, fundamentada nas reflexões de Walter Benjamin, principalmente em Sobre alguns temas em Baudelaire. Nossa proposta é articular a poesia de Caio F. e as discussões acerca de seu processo de escritura, ampliando o olhar da Crítica Genética sobre a produção poética e as possibilidades de abordagens da obra do escritor gaúcho. / This work is characterized by the presentation, for the first time, of an unknown ability of the brazilian writer Caio Fernando Abreu: the poetry. This research considers the discussions raised by Genetic Criticism, focusing on the organization of the manuscripts of the 116 poems, which most of them are unpublished poems, leading to an organized publication of them and to the creative course of the poet. For such, this work is organized in three steps: i) setting of poems; ii) study of the movements of writing considering representative poems and iii) the analysis of the themes: the absence, the view and the memory, based on the reflections of Walter Benjamin, mainly in On Some Motifs of Baudelaire. This proposal is to articulate the poetry of Caio F. and the discussions concerning his writing process, enlarging the view of the Genetic Criticism about his poetical work and the possibilities of considering the legacy of this writer from south Brazil.

O presente trabalho caracteriza-se por apresentar, pela primeira vez, uma vertente pouco conhecida do escritor gaúcho Caio Fernando Abreu: a poesia. Essa pesquisa participa das discussões levantadas pela Crítica Genética, centrando-se na organização dos manuscritos dos 116 poemas, praticamente todos inéditos, visando a uma publicação, e no acompanhamento do percurso criativo do poeta. Para tanto, essa tese se estrutura em três etapas: fixação dos poemas; estudo das campanhas de escritura através de poemas representativos; análise dos temas da falta, do olhar e da memória, fundamentada nas reflexões de Walter Benjamin, principalmente em Sobre alguns temas em Baudelaire. Nossa proposta é articular a poesia de Caio F. e as discussões acerca de seu processo de escritura, ampliando o olhar da Crítica Genética sobre a produção poética e as possibilidades de abordagens da obra do escritor gaúcho. / This work is characterized by the presentation, for the first time, of an unknown ability of the brazilian writer Caio Fernando Abreu: the poetry. This research considers the discussions raised by Genetic Criticism, focusing on the organization of the manuscripts of the 116 poems, which most of them are unpublished poems, leading to an organized publication of them and to the creative course of the poet. For such, this work is organized in three steps: i) setting of poems; ii) study of the movements of writing considering representative poems and iii) the analysis of the themes: the absence, the view and the memory, based on the reflections of Walter Benjamin, mainly in On Some Motifs of Baudelaire. This proposal is to articulate the poetry of Caio F. and the discussions concerning his writing process, enlarging the view of the Genetic Criticism about his poetical work and the possibilities of considering the legacy of this writer from south Brazil.

Orientador: Fabio Akcelrud Durão / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T14:56:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tinti_TauanFernandes_M.pdf: 690660 bytes, checksum: f383a642a724f05ed1c7d2d14b1d9166 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho consiste em uma leitura de Fim de Partida, de Samuel Beckett, construída a partir da hipótese de que esta peça, com o que pode ser definido como uma recusa sistemática a tudo o que lhe venha de fora, é capaz de integrar à sua própria estrutura formal os impasses gerados pelas tentativas de interpretá-la, em um movimento que paradoxalmente fortalece cada vez mais sua lógica interna à medida que a interpretação é negada. Ao longo de três capítulos, busca-se investigar as diferentes ramificações dessa ideia como forma de esboçar a posição-limite na qual a peça se encontra: no primeiro capítulo, a hipótese em questão é desenvolvida a partir da leitura de alguns objetos de Fim de Partida, e a partir disso se argumenta que os personagens se aproximam mais de seus objetos fraturados e ausentes do que de pessoas; no segundo, a condição desses personagens é desenvolvida no sentido de um confronto entre duas formas de temporalidade, a progressão e a circularidade, submetidas ao mesmo princípio de escassez que atravessa outros níveis da peça; no terceiro capítulo, a hipótese central é a de que em Endgame são colocados em questão diversos procedimentos do humor de forma altamente destrutiva, e a significação retroativa que seus destroços passam a ter adquirido nesse processo podem ser extrapolados de modo a produzir um pequeno vislumbre, de dentro da própria peça, tanto de seu estatuto de obra de arte, quanto de sua relação complexa com a tradição / Abstract: This work consists in a reading of Samuel Beckett's Endgame built upon the hypothesis that the play, through what can be defined as a deliberate exclusion of everything external to it, is capable of integrating the resulting deadlocks from the attempts of its interpretation to its own formal structure, in a paradoxical movement that strengthens the play's internal logic through the denial of interpretation. Throughout three chapters, this work aims to explore different ramifications of that idea in order to outline the boundary represented by the play: in the first chapter, the interpretative hypothesis is developed upon a reading of the objects of Endgame, culminating in the idea that its characters are closer to the absent and fractured objects that they demand than to proper persons; in the second chapter, their condition is developed in the sense of a confrontation between two forms of temporality, progression and circularity, which are submitted to the same principle of scarcity that penetrates other levels of the play; in the third chapter, the central hypothesis is that Endgame puts into question some procedures of humor in a highly destructive manner, and that the retroactive meaning acquired by the resulting ruins of this process may be extrapolated into a glimpse, from within the play itself, both of its status as a work of art and of its complex relationship with tradition / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

Ce mémoire porte sur la question de la forme de la philosophie chez Walter Benjamin et sur ce qui fait l’unité de son geste philosophique. Cette question de l’unité, voire de la cohérence, a toujours posé problème, tant à cause de l’hétérogénéité des écrits de Benjamin que des tendances apparemment contradictoires qui les habitent. Prenant acte, dans un premier chapitre, des principales difficultés qui se sont posées à leur réception, tendant à en isoler, voire à opposer les tendances les unes aux autres, nous proposons de rassembler celles-ci en deux axes : celui opposant théologie et matérialisme historique et celui opposant image et concept. Contre les lectures unilatérales et parfois divergentes, nous proposons une interprétation qui réunit dialectiquement les polarités qui dans leurs tensions fondent l’unité de cette pensée. Par là, nous faisons nôtre la définition donnée par Benjamin de la forme de l’histoire philosophique : « qui fait procéder des extrêmes éloignés […] la totalité esquissée par la possibilité d’un agencement significatif du tout. » Dans un deuxième chapitre, nous proposons de résoudre ces polarités à l’intérieur d’une théorie matérialiste de la révélation, conçue dans les années 1930 comme historiographie matérialiste. Dans un troisième chapitre, nous tirons d’un commentaire des écrits dits théologiques du jeune Benjamin les éléments de son esthétique, tendant à la formulation d’une esthétique matérialiste. Enfin, la dialectique de Benjamin, d’où procède son geste philosophique, peut être lue comme le croisement incongru entre deux piliers de la théologie – révélation et interdit des images – qui ensemble entraînent irrésistiblement la théologie vers une conception hérétique du matérialisme historique. / This master’s thesis deals with the question of the form of philosophy in Walter Benjamin’s thought and, more specifically, the unity of his philosophical gesture. This unity, or coherence, has always posed a problem, not only as a consequence of the heterogeneity of his writings but also because of their apparently contradictory tendencies. Taking note of the main difficulties that arose within the initial reception of Benjamin’s writings, which have tended to separate and oppose these tendencies, the first chapter proposes to reassemble them along two axes : one opposing theology and historical materialism, the other opposing image and concept. Against unilateral readings, the present thesis defends an interpretation of Benjamin’s writings that dialectically reunites the polarities which, in their various tensions, in fact give unity to his thought. In this way, new light is shed on the definition of the form of philosophical history given by Benjamin: “out of remote extremes … emerges the totality of such oppositions – a totality that is marked out by the possibility of their meaningful juxtaposition”. In the second chapter, the polarities outlined in the first chapter are resolved within a materialist theory of revelation, conceived in the 1930s as a materialist historiography. On the basis of a commentary on the so-called theological writings of the young Benjamin, the third chapter presents the elements of his aesthetics, which tend towards a materialist formulation. Finally, Benjamin’s dialectic, and so the core his philosophical gesture, is interpreted as the surprising result of two theological mainstays — revelation and the prohibition of images — which, together, irresistibly lead theology towards a heretical version of historical materialism.

Though born a century apart, American poets Emily Dickinson and Sylvia Plath share several similarities: Both were born in New England, both fought for their rights by writing, and both broke new poetic ground.          In this thesis, I look at their poetry through a movement in space, which begins with the poets’ precarious position as societal outliers and ends with ascension. I examine what crossing the threshold meant to them, physically and metaphorically, and how it is mirrored in their poems, I look at how the physical space in which they wrote color their poetry, I examine windows as a space of transit, and finally I take a closer look at the shape ascension takes in selected poems. I propose this road, this movement in space, is mirrored in both Dickinson’s and Plath’s poetry.      I use as my method deconstruction, to uncover hints and possibilities. I scan letters and journals, biographies and memoirs. As my theoretical framework, I use Walter Benjamin’s ideas about the threshold as a place of transit, as well as his thoughts about the flaneur as the observer of the crowd, both of which are presented in The Arcades Project. To further examine the threshold as a space for pause, reconsideration, retreat, or advance, I rely on Subha Mukheriji and her book Thinking on Thresholds: The Poetics of Transitive Spaces. I further use Gaston Bachelard’s seminal The Poetics of Spaceto investigate the poets’ response to the physical space in which they wrote. I look at ascension through the prism offered by the ideas of Mircea Eliade as presented in Myths, Dreams, and Mysteries: The Encounter Between Contemporary Faiths and Archaic Realities.

No description available.

No description available.

Die Beschäftigung mit dem Werk »Die Ästhetik des Widerstands« des Schriftstellers Peter Weiss ist in der Theaterwissenschaft noch nicht hinlänglich erfolgt. Die vorliegende Dissertation möchte diesem Umstand entgegenwirken. Dabei wird besonders die literarische und gesellschaftliche Wichtigkeit und Aktualität des Werkes hervorgehoben. »Die Ästhetik des Widerstands« ist von essentieller Bedeutung, sowohl literarisch, als auch gesellschaftlich. Die Lektüre des Romans verdeutlicht die Wichtigkeit von Theorie, sowohl für eine politische Praxis, als auch für eine Autonomie von Forschung in Anlehnung an die Kritische Theorie. Die Romanfiguren der »Ästhetik des Widerstands« nutzen Museen, Bibliotheken und Alltagsräume, um sich Refugien gegen die Barbarei des Nationalsozialismus zu schaffen. Mittels Kunst- und Bildbeschreibungen wird eine enge Verknüpfung von Kunst und Umwelt, sowie von Fragilität sowohl bezüglich der Kunstwerke selbst, als auch bezüglich des physischen und psychischen Zustände der Protagonisten ersichtlich. Dies gilt insbesondere für das lebendige, filmische Erzählen des Werks, das die an sich statischen Kunstwerke in eine neue Autonomie überführt. In Zeiten eines faschistischen Europas und nationalsozialistischen Deutschlands ist die Kunst die einzige Konstante in Wahrnehmung und Leben der Romanfiguren. So ist sie notwendiger Wegweiser und Koordinate gegen Gewalt und Tod. Besonderheiten der Narration, wie beispielsweise eine Technik der endlosen Aufzählung von Kultur und Kunst, machen den prekären und omnipräsenten Weltverlust der Protagonisten erfahrbar. Hierfür spielt die Sprache des Romans als eine Sprache des Berichtens und des Indirekten eine wesentliche Rolle. Kunst politisch zu lesen bedeutet des Weiteren Geschichte nicht als vergangen zu betrachten, sondern vielmehr ihren gegenwärtigen Gehalt für eine widerständige Praxis produktiv zu machen. Hierfür untersucht die Arbeit auch anhand der geschichtsphilosophischen Thesen Walter Benjamins das Geschichtsbild der »Ästhetik des Widerstands« sowie des Autors Peter Weiss. Neben der Kunst ist es vor allem die urbane Umwelt, die die Romanfiguren in ihrem Denken und Handeln prägt. So ist der Roman jenseits der Bildbeschreibungen durchsetzt von schweifenden, essayistischen Darstellungen von (Stadt)Landschaften. Zusätzlich zu der ehemaligen Heimat Deutschland, die alsbald zum Feindesland wird, ist es das Exil, das mit seiner Fremdheit Eindruck bei den Protagonisten und beim Leser hinterlässt. Hierbei wird ebenfalls eine Technik der Aufzählung angewandt, wenn es um Wege, Plätze und Straßen als notwendige Konstante für Halt und Ausdauer geht. Das Ver- und Durchmessen von gefahrvollen, fremden Umgebungen sind dabei ebenso relevant, wie der Verlust der eigenen Muttersprache. Die unterschiedlichen Ebenen von Sprache spielen in der »Ästhetik des Widerstands« eine entscheidende Rolle. Diese Ebenen untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit. Das Nebeneinander von berichtender, historischer, poetischer und surrealer Sprache ist dabei von Bedeutung. Techniken der Überblendung und des filmischen Erzählens und die Notwendigkeit einer autonomen Sprache, um der Barbarei des Nationalsozialismus entgegenzuwirken, rücken dabei ebenso in den Fokus, wie die Schwierigkeit von Lektüre und Schreibprozess der »Ästhetik des Widerstands«. Der Roman samt seinen Figuren nimmt immanent und selbstreferenziell auf sich Bezug, indem das Schreiben an sich als Akt des Zeugnisses wider des Mordens in den Mittelpunkt gerückt wird. Die Sprache des Traumes und der surrealen Momente in der »Ästhetik des Widerstands« illustrieren zusätzlich Todesnähe und Realitätsflucht. Neben diesen Beobachtungen offenbaren sich Grenzen von Mitteilbarkeit und Sprache, die den Versuch eines psychischen wie physischen Begreifens der Shoah darstellen. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht dabei besonders die Figur der Mutter des Protagonisten, die sich als Nicht-Jüdin ab einem bestimmten Punkt an den Ausmaßen des Massenmordes durch erhöhte Empathie zerbricht. Bis in die Gegenwart bestehen Kontinuitäten des Nationalsozialismus und Antisemitismus. Diese werden anhand von Texten Dan Diners zum Historikerstreit der 1980er Jahren ausgearbeitet. Der sogenannten deutschen “Vergangenheitsbewältigung“ wird mit Hilfe von Schriften Jean Amérys, Dan Diners und Theodor W. Adornos kritisch nachgegangen und mit der »Ästhetik des Widerstands«, sowie einer eigenen politischen Praxis verbunden.:INHALT 1. DAS NACHLEBEN DER »ÄSTHETIK DES WIDERSTANDS« EINLEITUNG……………………………………………………………………………..6 2. DIE DYNAMIK DER BILDER 2.1. Museumsbesuche und Reflexionen……………………..………….……..........13 2.2. Bildbeschreibungen für Orientierung und Halt…………..……………..............17 2.3. Das Lebendige in der Statik………………….……………………….……..........45 3. DAS MÄANDERN ZWISCHEN DEN POLEN KUNST UND POLITIK 3.1. Die Notwendigkeit der Kunst……………………….…………………..…...........60 3.2. Erfahrungen mit Kunst - Sensibilisierung von Widerständigkeit…….…..........74 3.3. Gegen den Strich – für den Widerstand……………………………………........82 4. DAS UMHERSCHWEIFEN ZWISCHEN LÄNDERN, STÄDTEN UND STRAßEN 4.1. Kartografien des Flüchtigen in Berlin und anderswo………..….............…......91 4.2. Aufbruch und Exil – Ein Leben im Fragment……………...……………...........104 5. DAS WEGGLEITEN UND AUFDRÄNGEN DER SPRACHE 5.1. Gleich-zeitigkeit - Montage und Überblendung…………..…………...….........114 5.2. Lektüre und Schreiben als Erfahrung………………….…………..….…..........127 5.3. Die Bedeutung von Sprache und Poesie………..…………………..……........140 6. ENTGRENZUNGEN DER VERSEHRTHEIT 6.1. Grenzerfahrungen und Traumbeschreibungen…………….…………...…......152 6.2. Die Unendlichkeit des Romans……………………………….…...………........164 6.3. Erweitere Wahrnehmung eines beschädigten Lebens……………..………...174 7. WER EIN WORT DES TROSTES SPRICHT, IST EIN VERRÄTER SCHLUSSBETRACHTUNG…………………………………………………………..204 8. ANHANG 8.1. Literatur……………………………………..………………..………...…............214 8.2. Abbildungen………………………………...……………………….……............221 8.3. Erklärung………………………………………………………………….............240