Problemformulering: Flexibelt arbete har blivit allt vanligare i arbetslivet, vilket innebär att enskilda medarbetare har ökat inflytande över när, var och hur de utför sitt arbete. Flexibelt arbete har visats kunna påverka medarbetares psykosociala arbetsmiljö såväl positivt som negativt vilket gör att tillväxten av flexibelt arbete ställer högre krav på- och bidrar till nya utmaningar för chefer, inte minst vad gäller det psykosociala arbetsmiljöarbetet. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att studera chefers upplevelser av att leda det psykosociala arbetsmiljöarbetet i organisationer med flexibelt arbete. Metod: För att besvara syftet har en kvalitativ metod med en induktiv ansats tillämpats. Data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer där nio chefer inom kommunal verksamhet intervjuades. Intervjuerna transkriberades och materialet analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, med manifest tolkning. Resultat och slutsats: Analysen resulterade i fyra huvudkategorier med sammanlagt tretton underkategorier. Flexibelt arbete bidrar med en rad chefs- och ledarskapsutmaningar kopplade till det psykosociala arbetsmiljöarbetet. Trots detta var inställningen till flexibelt arbete i huvudsak positiv bland cheferna, vilket i stor utsträckning berodde på de övervägande positiva effekterna flexibelt arbete visat sig ha på medarbetare och deras välmående. Därför dras slutsatsen att de chefs- och ledarskapsutmaningar som identifierats i studien kompenseras av de positiva effekter flexibelt arbete har på medarbetare, vilket är gynnsamt för ett hållbart psykosocialt arbetsmiljöarbete. / Aim: The aim of the study was to study managers' experiences of leading the psychosocial work environment work in organizations with flexible work.  Method: To answer the purpose, a qualitative method with an inductive approach has been applied. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews where nine managers in municipal operations were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and the material was analyzed with a qualitative content analysis, with manifest interpretation.   Results and conclusion: The analysis resulted in four main categories with a total of thirteen subcategories. The results showed that flexible work contributes to managerial and leadership challenges linked to psychosocial work environment work. Despite this, attitudes towards flexible working were generally positive among managers, largely due to the predominantly positive effects flexible working was shown to have on employees and their well-being. Therefore, it is concluded that the managerial and leadership challenges identified in the study are compensated by the positive effects flexible working has on employees and their well-being, which is favorable for sustainable psychosocial work environment work.

Based on a motion submitted to the Umeå City Council, "It's in the walls" A thematic analysis of the Umeå municipal council and gendered conditions aims to investigate and understand the gendered conditions for political involvement in the Umeå City Council. To fulfil the purpose, interviews were conducted with women who chose to leave their political assignment and a survey was sent out to the current municipal council. The results show that mainly young women are vulnerable and that their interests are not equally represented as men's. There also seem to be negative experiences of both the physical work environment and the psychosocial work environment.

Investing in employee well-being may result in improved employee engagement, less sick leave, greater performance, and enhanced production. However, since they exist in isolation from daily operations, well-being programs often fall short of their promise. The main purpose of this report is to find out the impact of workers' well-being on the productivity of employees, whichmay or may not impact the profitability of the company in Sweden. For this study, qualitative techniques are used, as the topic has been explored enough by previous scholars; our study aims to find the void in this research and hopes to fill it with our take on this topic. Through our research, the findings have established that the emphasis on thewell-being of employees pays as a dividend in the form of increased productivity and, thus, increased profitability. The result of the thesis will help the authors to understand the significance of workers' well-being, and here, the author of the thesis provides a strategy to improve employee well-being in Sweden. Implementation of the new strategy is very importantfor the companies in Sweden.

In manufacturing, emerging digital technologies related to industry 4.0 are playing an assisting role for operators, and just as in previous industrial revolutions the paradigm for operators in the industry is changing. This study has two key goals. The first is to look into the impact of the worker's psychosocial impacts under the operator 4.0 typologies during assembly, training, and maintenance operations, and the second is to look into the potential changes in the operator framework as the industry progresses from 4.0 to 5.0. This study proposed a theoretical framework for assessing psychosocial impacts in operator 4.0 typologies. The proposed framework can be utilized by the company managers, researchers, production engineers, and human resource personnel for the psychosocial risk assessment of the operators in assembly, training, and maintenance operations as self-report questionnaires. This study employed a systematic literature review strategy to answer the study objectives. The findings reveal that the nature of work, the social and organizational environment of work, and individual impacts are all key categories, that might impact operators’ psychosocial environments in assembly, training, and maintenance operations under the operator 4.0 typologies.This study focuses on determining the psychosocial consequences of the operator 4.0 typologies and helps the operators to become more aware, and equipment designers should consider operator psychosocial work conditions when designing new augmented equipment for assisting operators in the work environment. Most advanced technologies are unfamiliar to operators, and they have exhibited a reluctance to accept new technology because it significantly changes their working environment. Which necessitates the training and awareness of operators regarding advanced technologies. Operator 4.0 typologies were introduced with a vision to create a socially sustainable environment for operators. However, the identified psychosocial impacts make it favorable and unfavorable to the operators.

Groth, P, Utvärdering av verksamheten ”Nätverket för hälsobefrämjande arbets-platser i Skåne”. Examensarbete i folkhälsovetenskap, 20 poäng. Malmö Högsko-la: Hälsa och samhälle, 2005.Utvärderingen är gjord på uppdrag av Region Skåne och Arbetslivsinstitutet Syd. Syftet är att undersöka om verksamheten följer den fastställda värdegrundens in-riktningar och om de angivna målen uppnåtts, samt beskriva verksamhetens bief-fekter. Utvärderingens frågeställningar är om nätverken bidragit till förändringar i organisation, ledarskap eller delaktighet för de anställda på de anslutna arbetsplat-serna samt vad som är väsentligt i nätverkens uppbyggnad och funktion för att dessa ska nå värdegrundens målsättningar. Studien innehåller en kvantitativ del som består av en enkätundersökning riktad till samtliga deltagare i de lokala nät-verken, samt en kvalitativ del som består av fokusgruppintervjuer med fyra lokala nätverk. Utvärderingen visar att intentionerna i värdegrunden har uppnåtts i vissa delar trots att nätverken drabbats av svårigheter i och med att samordningsfunk-tionen i stort sett försvunnit. 8 av 10 deltagare upplever att nätverket ökar möjlig-heterna att nå målsättningen med en hälsofrämjande arbetsplats. Nätverkens funk-tion har övergått till att i större utsträckning handla om personalärenden, och i mindre utsträckning om ämnen som är kopplade till värdegrundens definition av hälsofrämjande arbetsplatser. Nätverken behöver också beakta ledarskapsfrågan, sin sammansättning och att öppna för arbetstagarrepresen-tanter. / Groth, P, Evaluation of the activity “The network for workplace health promotion in Skåne”. Degree project in public health, 20 credits. Malmö university: Faculty of health and society, 2005.The evaluation are made at the request of Region Skåne and Arbetslivsinstitutet Syd. The objectives with the evaluation is to examine if the activity follows the directions in the established basis of valuations and reached the aims that was declaired and also describe possible sideeffects of the activity. Questions to be answered are if the network have made a contribution to any changes in organisa-tion, leadership or participation for the employes on the connected place of work and what is important in the networks construction and function for these to reach the objectives in the basis of valuations. The essay consist one quantitative part that holds an oponion poll with all participants in the local network, and also a qualitative part that is based on focusgroupinterviews with four different local networks. The evaluation shows that the intentions in the basis of valuation was reached in some part in spite of the function of coordination for the network in mostly part has disappeared. 8 of 10 participants experience that the network in-crease the possibility to reach the aim with a workplace health promotion. The networks function has changed to be more about personal matters and not so much about issues connected to the basis of valuations definition of workplace health promotion. The network also needs to concider the question of leadership, the composition of the groups and open for representants of the employees.

Enligt tidigare forskning från 1995 fanns stress inom läraryrket och liknande stress finns än idag. Syftet med studien är att beskriva moment som innehåller stressen och hur det påverkar arbetsmiljön i förskolan. Stressen undersöks med användandet av ljudinspelade intervjuer av två barnskötare och två förskollärare. Sedan utfördes en innehållsanalys av den transkriberade datan. Innehållsanalysen resulterade i två teman, vilka är stressmoment och arbetsmiljö, skapas 3 underkategorier till de två huvudteman. Resultatet synliggör hur tidspress, många arbetsuppgifter utöver pedagogiska uppdragen och små lokaler med stora barngrupper skapar stress. Stressen är både positiv och negativ. Det positiva handlar om hur pedagogerna använder strategier istället för att påverkas av stressen negativt. De negativa aspekterna är hur känslan av otillräcklighet finns där när till exempel pedagogen inte hinner hälsa på alla barnen på avdelningen. Resultatet beskriver de olika strategier pedagogerna använder sig av för att minska stressen inom förskolans moment och arbetsmiljö. Strategierna är uppdelade i tre såsom distansering, dela upp barnen - mindre barngrupper och rutiner. Slutsatsen till studien är att forskningen om stress i förskolan är fortfarande relevant problem. Under tidigare forskning beskriver stressen som problem och mycket har inte förändrats sedan dess. Deltagarna som intervjuades påverkas inte av stressen utan kommer på strategier som minskar stressen för stunden. Fortsättning på forskningen kan vara att hitta lösningar på tidspressen, rutiner eller över hur rektorn kan göra förskolan mindre stressande för pedagogerna. / According to previous research from 1995 there was stress in the teaching profession and similar stress still exists today. The purpose of the study is to describe the stress that exists within different moments and the work environment in preschool. Stress was investigated with the use of audio-recorded interviews of two nursery staff and two preschool teachers. The recordings were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. The analysis resulted in two main themes “stress moments'' and “work environment", with six subcategories. The result illuminates how time pressure, numerous work tasks in addition to educational missions and small premises with large groups of children creates stress. Stress can be perceived as both positive and negative. The positive features is the tactics employed by educators. When the educators don't have enough time to meet each preschooler individually, negative features including feelings of inadequacy are common. Results show different strategies educators use to reduce stress within the preschool and the work environment. Strategies are divided into distancing, dividing the children into smaller groups and routines. The conclusion is that research on stress in preschool is still a relevant problem. Previous research described stress as a problem and not much has changed since then. The participants are not affected by the stress but produce strategies that reduce stress in the moment. Continuation of research may be to find solutions to the time pressure, routines or how the principal can make preschool less stressful for the educators.

Syftet med denna studien är att undersöka hur organisationsstrukturen påverkar arbetsmiljön för de anställda inom olika boenden och hur detta i sin tur påverkar kvaliteten på arbetet utifrån de anställdas perspektiv. Detta genomfördes utifrån ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv och analyserades med hjälp av begrepp som organisationsstruktur och arbetsmiljö. 10 semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes med stödassistenter som arbetat i minst två år. Resultatet av studien indikerar att stödassistenter upplever en god arbetsmiljö i den fysiska bemärkelsen, vilket innebär att de är nöjda med de fysiska förhållandena på arbetsplatsen, såsom arbetsutrustning och arbetsplatsens säkerhet. Däremot visar studien att det finns utmaningar inom den psykosociala arbetsmiljön för stöd assistenterna. Trots att de var nöjda och tillfredsställda med själva arbetet, upplevde de att de inte alltid kände sig hörda och hade begränsat inflytande över sina arbetssituationer och beslut. En annan faktor som påverkade stödassistenternas upplevelse av arbetsmiljön var ledarskapet. De var inte nöjda med den form av ledarskap som fanns inom de olika enheterna och ansåg att cheferna inte tog tillräckligt ansvar. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how the organizational structure affects the work environment for employees in different care homes and how this, in turn, affects the quality of work from the employees' perspective. The study was conducted from a social psychological perspective and analyzed using concepts such as organizational structure and work environment. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with support assistants who had worked for at least two years. The results of the study indicate that support assistants experience a good physical work environment, meaning they are satisfied with the physical conditions in the workplace, such as work equipment and workplace safety. However, the study shows that there are challenges within the psychosocial work environment for support assistants. Although they were satisfied and content with the work itself, they felt that they were not always heard and had limited influence over their work situations and decisions. Another factor that affected the support assistants' experience of the work environment was leadership. They were not satisfied with the type of leadership that existed within the different units and believed that the managers did not take enough responsibility.

Problemformulering: Vad påverkar arbetsmiljön för mellanchefer i kommunal omsorgsförvaltning? Syfte: Syftet är att genom jämförelser mellan kommuner finna samband som beskriver vad som påverkar mellanchefers arbetsmiljö inom omsorgsförvaltningen. Metod: Utformningen av studien är baserad på en induktiv ansats, där det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom ostrukturerade intervjuer, utifrån en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Studien har tillämpat en tvärsnittsdesign. Slutsats: Relationen mellan mellanchefer och deras medarbetare är central i vad som påverkar arbetsmiljön. Det är förutsättningarna för att få utveckling och verktyg till att hantera relationen med medarbetarna som genom stöd från stödfunktioner, chefskollegor, sin högre chef och mellanchefens övriga nätverk påverkar arbetsmiljön. / Research question: What affects middle managers' working environment in elderly care? Purpose: To, through comparisons between communes, find connections that describe what affects middle managers' working environment in elderly care.  Method: The study is based on an inductive approach, where the empirical material has been collected through unstructured interviews, based on a qualitative research strategy. The study has applied a cross-sectional design. Conclusion: The relationship between the middle manager and their employees is central for what affects the work environment. It is the conditions that enable support from support staff, coworking managers, their own boss and the network of the middle manager, in which a middle manager can develop and get tools to handle the relationship with their employees, which affects their work environment.

Att arbeta inom missbruksvården med klienter med beroendeproblematik kan medföra vissa påfrestningar i arbetsmiljön för den anställda. Antalet studier rörande vilka krav respektive resurser anställda inom missbruksvården upplever i den sociala arbetsmiljön är dock få. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur anställda inom missbruksvården upplever sin sociala arbetsmiljö, relaterat till krav samt resurser i arbetet. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 11 anställda inom missbruksvården och materialet bearbetades med hjälp av en tematisk innehållsanalys. Studiens teoretiska ramverk var krav- och resursmodellen. I studiens resultat återfanns tre arbetskrav: begräsningar i arbetet, emotionella krav samt interpersonella konflikter. Tre resurser i arbetet framkom i resultatet: inflytande på arbetsplatsen, utvecklingsmöjligheter i arbetet och socialt stöd. Resultatet visade att det förelåg en relativt god balans mellan kraven som upplevdes som påfrestningar och resurserna som motiverar och hjälper de anställda i arbetet. Studien kan bidra till en större förståelse kring arbetet inom missbruksvården samt dess utvecklingsmöjligheter.

The Covid-19 global pandemic has challenged traditional models of leadership and change management. In a few months, organisations were forced to transform into working virtually, either partially or wholly. In this context, leadership practices have been crucial to the survival of organisations and their capability to manage that change with minimum interruption and constant productivity. Leadership is a complex social and organisational phenomenon, and this study takes on the novel Leadership-as-practice perspective that understands leadership as an emerging and unfolding process through daily experience and offers an alternative to restrictive traditional competency models. In the era of communications technology, traditional leadership models, remote working, and change management have already been intensively studied. However, little research in the IT management area combines those three topics in the context of a crisis, and leaders were left without clear and researchbased references to guide their efforts during this pandemic. Thus, this study seeks to close that research gap and identify which practices leaders used to strategically and effectively leverage virtual teams to sustain productivity and keep business operational during a global crisis. This study was conducted with a case study research strategy, and data were collected from eleven semistructured interviews with leaders from different levels and organisations across Europe and North America. The chosen data analysis method was grounded theory to ensure findings were grounded in data, along with thematic analysis and constant comparative analysis. Results revealed three categories of practices were central to managing the change to virtual collaboration during the Covid-19 pandemic: Intentional and frequent communications, adaptability, and people-centric focus. Previous research indicates these were not common to other crises, and their absence might have led to destructive leadership behaviours during the pandemic context. These results are coherent with the recent rise of the transformational leadership current and its emphasis on human values in business contexts. From a research perspective, this study fills the gap in extant research and contributes to the growing body of literature using the Leadership-as-practice perspective. From a business perspective, these practices offer leaders a simple framework to guide their change efforts and might imply a need to rethink the manager-team member relationship and responsibilities. Similarly, they might point towards a greater responsibility for organisations to address remote working and secure employee well-being during crises.