INTRODUÇÃO: A temática da restrição laboral se insere no campo da saúde e trabalho. No contexto do afastamento do trabalho e reabilitação profissional, torna-se elemento importante para o retorno e, principalmente, permanência no trabalho. No entanto, sua conceituação é incipiente, sendo pouco abordada em planos de ação em saúde do trabalhador, pesquisas e produções científicas na área. A ocorrência de redução da capacidade laborativa em cenário de impossibilidade de readequação funcional promove a designação de restrição laboral, configurando-se como uma questão complexa para trabalhadores e instituição empregadora. OBJETIVO: O estudo pretende compreender e refletir acerca dos elementos constitutivos do conceito de restrição laboral e os aspectos envolvidos na definição e efetivação da mesma, em um determinado contexto. Ademais, refletir sobre as responsabilidades e potencialidades da equipe que define restrição laboral e sobre a participação e compreensão dos trabalhadores e as implicações e dinâmicas envolvidas na vivência da mesma. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, tendo o Modelo Híbrido de Desenvolvimento de Conceitos como proposta teórico-metodológica. Na Fase Bibliográfica realizou-se análise crítica da literatura, buscando aspectos da designação e identificação de elementos estruturantes do conceito de restrição laboral. A Fase de Campo compôs-se de entrevistas semi-estruturadas englobando dois grupos de sujeitos envolvidos na designação e vivência da restrição laboral no contexto de um hospital escola de nível terciário. Analisou-se os achados segundo princípios da Análise de Conteúdo. Na Fase Analítica Final promoveu-se o diálogo e discussão dos achados das fases anteriores e a reconfiguração do conceito estudado. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Em ambas as Fases identificou-se os antecedentes, atributos e consequências do conceito de restrição laboral. A Fase Bibliográfica evidenciou escassa construção teórica sobre a temática, indicando possível ambivalência na compreensão dos elementos do conceito: sujeito trabalhador e situação de trabalho. Compôs-se de nove produções bibliográficas. A Fase de Campo constituiu-se de 11 entrevistas, sendo cinco médicos do trabalho e seis trabalhadores com restrição laboral. Nesta, destacou-se o acometimento de saúde como mandatório de incapacidade e, portanto, da designação da restrição laboral. Além disso, os achados contemplaram os papéis dos médicos do trabalho e assistente, os elementos que compõem a restrição laboral, a centralidade no sujeito e as consequências nas inter-relações pessoais, sobrecarga de pares e chefias, impossibilidade de aplicação da mesma e vivência focada nas limitações. Já na Fase Analítica Final o eixo central de reflexão deu-se na identificação da restrição laboral como resultado da condição de saúde do trabalhador considerada como limitante, independente da contextualização junto à situação de trabalho. Essa condição promove sobrecarga ao coletivo de trabalhadores e relações conflituosas, compromete a cooperação e o reconhecimento, tendo impacto direto no pertencimento a esse coletivo e na construção identitária do sujeito. O trabalho real necessita ganhar centralidade na designação da restrição laboral, passando a ser elemento constituinte da mesma. CONCLUSÕES: O referencial metodológico adotado permitiu a reproposição teórica do conceito em estudo. A definição de Incapacidade proposta como estruturante do conceito pressupõe a interlocução entre condição de saúde e situação de trabalho. Quando da ausência dessa contextualização, a condição de saúde limitante configurará uma recomendação de saúde ao sujeito. Portanto, para designar restrição laboral faz-se essencial conhecer a realidade de trabalho daquele sujeito / INTRODUCTION: The theme of work restriction is included in the field of health and work. In the context of work leave and professional rehabilitation, it becomes an important element to return to work and, mainly, to the job retention. However, its concept is incipient, less addressed in action plans of worker health, researches and scientific productions in the area. The occurrence of the work capacity reduction in a scenario of impossibility of job readaptation promotes the designation of work restriction, configuring itself as a complex issue to workers and employing institution. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to understand and consider the constituent elements of work restriction concept and the aspects involved in its definition and accomplishment in a certain context. Furthermore, to reflect the responsibilities and the team\'s potentialities that defines work restriction and the workers\' participation and understanding and the implications and dynamics involved in this experience. METHODOLOGY: A qualitative research was conducted having the Hybrid Model of Development of Concepts as a theoretical-methodological reference framework. In the Bibliographic Phase, a critical analysis of the literature was conducted, searching for aspects of the designation and identification of structural elements of the work restriction concept. The Field Phase consisted of semi-structured interviews including two groups of subjects involved in the designation and experience of the work restriction in the context of a tertiary-level teaching hospital. Findings were analyzed according to the Content Analysis principles In the Final Analytical Phase, the dialogue and discussion of the findings from the previous phases and the reconfiguration of the studied concept were conducted. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In both phases, the antecedents, attributes and consequences of the work restriction concept were identified. The Bibliographic Phase evidenced the scarce theoretical construction about this issue, indicating a possible ambivalence in the understanding of the elements of the concept: worker and working situation. It consisted of nine bibliographical publications. The Field Phase consisted of eleven interviews with five occupational physicians and six workers with work restriction where the health impairment was seen as the main cause of disability and, thus, of the designation work restriction. Besides, the analysis findings pointed out to the role of the occupational physicians and assistant, the elements that constitute the work restriction, the centrality of the subject and the consequences in the personal interrelationships, pairs and leadership overloading, impossibility of the application of the restriction and experience focused on the limitations. In the Final Analytical Phase, the central axis of the reflection was in the identification of the work restriction due worker\' health condition considered as limiting, regardless of the contextualization in the work situation. This condition promotes an overload to the collective of coworkers and conflicting relationships, it compromises cooperation and appreciation, having a direct impact in the belonging to this collective and in the identity construction of the subject. The real work needs to be central to the work restriction designation, becoming a constituent element of this restriction. CONCLUSIONS: The adopted methodological reference framework allowed the theoretical re-purposing of the concept under study. The proposed definition of disability as structuring of the concept presupposes the interlocution between health condition and work situation. When the absence of this contextualization, the limiting health condition will configure a health recommendation for the subject. To designate work restriction it is necessary to know the reality of the work situation of that subject

This study aims to examine through qualitative interviews leisure-time teachers view on their work environment and work situation, how they are affected by it and whether they believe it can be influenced. In the study, five active leisure-time teachers at different schools are interviewed about their professional practice and work situation. In the analysis of the empirical material, Aaron Antonovsky's theory of sense of coherence or SOC with comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness is applied. The result shows that leisure-time teachers consider that shortcomings in their physical work environment and finances limit the conditions for carrying out their work. What mainly limited and affected the leisure-time teachers was the psychological work environment where their workload was heavy and they felt they constantly needed to be in line with the primary school teacher and be available. This caused various symptoms of stress and frustration. Finally the leisure-time teachers present different approaches for influencing their work situation. / Denna studie syftar till att genom kvalitativa intervjuer undersöka hur fritidslärare ser på sin arbetsmiljö och arbetssituation, om hur de påverkas av om den samt om de anser att den går att påverka. I arbetet intervjuas fem verksamma fritidslärare på olika skolor om deras yrkesutövning och arbetssituation. I analysen av det empiriska materialet tillämpas Aaron Antonovskys teori om känsla av sammanhang eller KASAM med begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet. Resultatet visar på att fritidslärare anser att brister i den fysiska arbetsmiljön och ekonomi begränsar förutsättningarna att genomföra deras arbete men att det som främst begränsade och påverkade fritidslärarna var den psykosociala arbetsmiljön där arbetsbelastningen var hög och de ansåg att de ständigt behövde förhålla sig till klassläraren och vara tillgängliga. Det orsakade olika stressymptom och frustation. Avslutningsvis presenterar fritidslärarna olika tillvägagångssätt för att påverka sin arbetssituation.

Syfte: Att beskriva barnmorskors inställning till vårdmodellen caseload midwifery. Metod: En webbaserad enkätundersökning med kvalitativ ansats som analyserades med induktiv innehållsanalys. Resultat: Totalt besvarade 58 barnmorskor enkäten varav fyra exkluderades. Av svaren utvecklades sex stycken kategorier: “Kontinuitet kan ge tryggare vård”, “Etablerad relation kan leda till stöd”, “Kan påverka patientsäkerheten”, “Kan påverka kompetensen”, “Ett alternativ för framtiden” och “Behov vid implementering”. Dessa skapade två teman: “Kontinuerlig kontakt kan medföra trygghet och utmaningar” och “Framtidsvision för ett hållbart yrkesliv”. Det framkom att caseload midwifery kan skapa trygghet genom kontinuerlig relation men det är även en modell som möter flertalet utmaningar. Caseload midwifery kan vara ett alternativt tillägg till mödrahälsovårdens standardmodell. Den kan ses som en framtidsvision som baseras på hållbarhet genom tillfredsställande arbetsmiljö om goda arbetsvillkor tillmötesgås. Slutsatser: Majoriteten av barnmorskorna är positiva till caseload midwifery då modellen kan leda till många lösningar men den möter också flertalet utmaningar. Införandet av vårdmodellen kan vara en hållbar lösning för framtiden eftersom det är en attraktiv och efterlängtad modell. / Aim: To describe the attitudes towards caseload midwifery amongst midwives. Method: A web-based questionnaire based on a qualitative approach and analyzed through an inductive content analysis. Result: In total 58 midwives answered the questionnaire of which four were excluded. Six categories developed in total: “Continuity can lead to safer care”, “An established relationship can lead to trust and support”, “It can affect the patient safety”, “It can affect the competence”, “An alternative for the future” and “Needs for implementation”. All together these categories developed two themes: “A contact made continuously could lead to safety and challenges” and “A vision for the future based for a sustainability professional career”. Caseload midwifery can create safety through a continuous relationship nonetheless it is also a model that faces several challenges. Caseload midwifery can be an alternative model which would fit well as an addition to the standard model of maternal health care. It can be seen as a vision for the future based on sustainability throughout a more satisfactory working atmosphere, but only if good conditions are met. Conclusions: The majority of the midwives were positive towards caseload midwifery because the model might lead to solutions but it also leads to adversities. An implement of the model of care could be a sustainable solution for the future since it is attractive and longed for.

Bakgrund: Covid-19-pandemin har haft stor påverkan på både samhälle och hälsovård specifikt. Vid utbrottet av pandemin var kunskapen om sjukdomen och hur den skulle behandlas otillräcklig, både nationellt och internationellt. Vårdpersonal bör via flexibla angreppsätt anpassa sig till den nya situationen utan att veta exakt hur denna sjukdom ska behandlas. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter med Covid-19 på vårdavdelning. Metod: Metoden är en litteraturöversikt av kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar där sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vara vårdgivare till patienter med Covid- 19 studerats. Data analyserades utifrån Fribergs beskrivning av kvalitativ analys i fem steg. Resultat: Resultaten visade att sjuksköterskorna upplevde svårigheter vid anpassning till förändrad arbetsmiljö. Det gällde framförallt användning av skyddsutrustning och försämrade samt förändrade arbetsförhållanden. Inom ramen för de iakttagelserna av patientens lidande uppfattade sjuksköterskor maktlöshet, hjälplöshet, oro och avsaknad av kunskap samt brist på erfarenhet av sjukdomen. Hälsopåverkan i form av stress, rädsla och ångest präglade arbetssituationen men de fick stort stöd av sina familjer, vänner och kollegor. Slutsats: Studien visade att Covid-19 pandemin hade stor påverkan på sjuksköterskors arbetssituation. Pandemin resulterade också i negativa individuella upplevelser men det stora stödet från sjuksköterskornas närmaste familjemedlemmar och vänner var betydelsefullt för att orka med sin arbetssituation. Även samarbetet med kollegor var avgörande för att kunna genomföra sina arbetsuppgifter. / Background: The covid-19 pandemic hugely influenced society as well as the global Health care system. As the pandemic broke out, it became clear that the lack of knowledge about the disease would greatly affect the way treatment was conducted, nationally as well as internationally. Health care professionals had to adapt to the situation without knowing exactly how to treat each symptom as well as to adhere to this specific disease. Aim: This study investigates how nurses experienced their working conditions and treatment of patients with covid-19 disease. Method: This is a qualitative study based on analyses of scientific articles that had studied nurses’ experiences of working with covid-19 patients. The analysis was conducted using the available Fribergs qualitative five step method. Results: The results show that the investigated nurses experienced difficulties in adapting to a continuously changing work environment, especially when it came to the use of protective equipment in combination with the perceived worsening working condition. The investigated nurses had to adhere to a new normal situation categorized with feelings of powerless, and helplessness. However, the investigated nurses received the appropriate support from their close families, friends and colleagues which made their work acceptable despite the ongoing pandemic. Conclusion: The study showed that the Covid-19 pandemic had a major impact on nurses' work situation. The pandemic resulted in negative individual experiences, the great support from the nurses' closest family members in combination with colleagues and friends became the key factor in coping with the new normal working conditions.

Purpose: When introducing new construction standards arises some uncertainties due to overlapping with the old construction standards. Because of these uncertainties’ roofs have collapsed due to excessive snow loads. To ensure a safe workplace for companies responsible for snow removal, accepted means in connection with snow removal and the work environment will be studied. The final goal is to find and study new methods to make the work safer and more efficient. Method: The work contains both qualitative and quantitative data. The method is a case study with the data collection techniques measurement, observation, personal communication and document and literature study. All of these are necessary to be able to answer the questions and achieve the goal. Findings: The techniques used today regarding snow removal give a good result, but the majority are very time-consuming and risky for the employers who perform the work on the roofs. Several new techniques and means have been described that would be able to perform the same work in a more efficient and sustainable way seen from a work environment point of view. Implications: To limit the time spent on the roof would contribute to a safer workplace. Today there are several means and techniques that after being installed, can operate, and remove snow on its own. This would be safe and efficient. The only danger for the staff is when installing and maintenance. Limitations: The report is limited by the fact that not all types of roofs have been examined. The study focuses on roofs that are within a snow zone of 2.5 kN/m2 or lower. Keywords: Snow removal, working environment, low-sloping roofs, handle snow loads. / Syfte: Överlappningar när nya konstruktionsregler tagits fram har skapat osäkerhet kring dimensioneringar och tyvärr lett till att takras uppstår på grund av allt för stora snölaster. För att skapa en tryggare arbetsplats för företag som ansvarar för snöröjning kommer vedertagna hjälpmedel och tekniker i samband med snöröjning och hur arbetsmiljön ser ut vid pågående arbete studeras. Slutligen är målet att studera nya metoder som bidrar till ett effektivare och säkrare arbete. Metod: Arbetet består av både kvalitativa och kvantitativa data. Metoden som användas är fallstudie med datainsamlingsteknikerna mätning, observation, personlig kommunikation och litteraturstudie. Alla datainsamlingsteknikerna är nödvändiga för att kunna besvara frågeställningarna och uppnå målet. Resultat: Teknikerna som är vedertagna idag gällande snöröjning ger ett bra resultat men majoriteten är mycket tidskrävande och riskfyllda för personer som utför arbetet. Främst när det gäller arbetsmomenten som utförs uppe på tak. Flera nya tekniker och hjälpmedel har redovisats som skulle bidra till att företag kan utföra samma arbete på ett sätt som anses betydligt effektivare och mer hållbart ur arbetsmiljösynpunkt. Konsekvenser: Ett minskat arbete på tak skulle bidra till en säkrare arbetsplats. Det finns flertalet tekniker och hjälpmedel ute på marknaden som efter viss installation skulle kunna utföra snöröjningen på egen hand, vilket innebär en effektivisering. Detta innebär också att den enda risken som finns för personal är vid installation och underhåll och därmed är arbetsmiljön så säker som är möjligt. Begränsningar: Rapporten begränsas av att inte alla typer av tak undersökts. Studien fokuserar på tak som finns inom snözon 2,5 kN/m2 eller lägre. Nyckelord: Snöröjning, arbetsmiljö, låglutande tak, hantering snölaster.

I en tid av kris såsom Covid-19 pandemin har det visat sig vara av stor betydelse att kunna hantera omställningen och anpassningsbarheten mot en allt mer digital arbetsmiljö. Att kunna ställa om till dagens moderna, digitala arbetsmiljö har blivit möjligt bland annat tack vare dagens teknologi. Vid en sådan snabb omställning som skedde i många företag våren 2020 och framåt utmanades både sättet att tänka och agera kring den moderna arbetsmiljön. Med detta i åtanke ligger fokus i denna undersökning på att ta reda på hur svenska IT-konsultbolag har hanterat denna omställning. Vad har anpassning till nya sätt att bedriva arbete på distans genererat för erfarenheter som kan komma till gagn för framtida liknande scenarier. Vidare bygger studien på en kvalitativ undersökning där tre IT-konsultbolag har intervjuats. IT-konsultbranschen bedömdes intressant då de i regel har en lång tradition av hög kundkontakt och arbete ute hos kund. Den teoretiska grunden utgörs av en forskarrapport byggd på en grundad teori där bland annat mängder av publikationer studerats för att ta fram lämpliga strategier för omställningen till en mer digital arbetsmiljö. Resultaten av studien visade att IT-konsultbolagen var relativt väl förberedda för att arbeta på distans i en digital arbetsmiljö. Studien visade också att teori och empiri stämde ganska väl överens med varandra. / In a time of crisis such as the Covid-19 pandemic, it has proved to be of great importance to be able to handle the transition and adaptability to an increasingly digital work environment. Being able to switch to today's modern, digital work environment has become possible due to today's technology. With such a rapid changeover that took place in many companies in the spring of 2020 and beyond, both the way of thinking and acting around the modern work environment was challenged. With this in mind, the focus of this study is on finding out how Swedish IT-consulting companies have handled this change. What has adaptation to new ways of conducting work at distance generated for experiences that can benefit future similar scenarios. Furthermore, the study is based on a qualitative survey in which three IT consulting companies have been interviewed. The IT-consulting industry was considered interesting as they usually have a long tradition of high customer contact and work with the customer. The theoretical basis consists of a research report based on a grounded theory where, among other things, numerous publications have been studied to develop appropriate strategies for the transition to a more digital work environment. The results of the study showed that the IT-consulting companies were relatively well prepared to work remotely in a digital work environment. The study also showed that theory and empiricism corresponded quite well with each other.

El presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cualitativo del tipo descriptivo. Su principal objetivo fue identificar los posibles factores de insatisfacción laboral que pueden incidir en la rotación voluntaria de los colaboradores de una empresa comercializadora de vehículos, a fin de proponer estrategias de retención de talento en la organización. La empresa en estudio presenta una rotación total promedio de 24,2 % al año. La rotación voluntaria, es decir, en la que los colaboradores deciden abandonar la empresa por voluntad propia, representa en promedio el 48 % de este índice. Por tanto, es interés del área de Gestión Humana la mejora de este indicador, debido a los consecuentes costos asociados y la pérdida tanto de talento como del know how que se produce en la organización. Para identificar los posibles factores de insatisfacción de los colaboradores que abandonan la organización por voluntad propia, se analizó e interpretó los resultados de la encuesta de clima laboral, los índices de rotación de tres años consecutivos (2016, 2017 y 2018), las encuestas de salida y la entrevista propuesta al líder de Gestión Humana de la organización. Con esta información, se identificaron los principales factores de insatisfacción que impactan en la rotación voluntaria de la empresa y, considerando el marco teórico desarrollado, se ha elaborado un plan de retención de talento que contiene diversas estrategias a aplicar. De este modo, se logrará contribuir a la mejora del índice de rotación voluntaria en la organización. / This research work was developed under a qualitative approach, in a descriptive type. Its main objective was to identify possibles factors of job dissatisfaction that may influence in the voluntary turnover of employees in a vehicle trading company, to propose strategies for the retention of talent in the organization. This company under study has an average total turnover of 24.2 % per year. The voluntary turnover, that is, in which employees decide to leave the company voluntarily, represents in average 48% of this index. Therefore, it is the interest of the Human Management area the improvement of this indicator, due to the consequent associated costs and the loss of talent and know how in the organization. To Identify the possible dissatisfaction factors of employees, who leave the company voluntarily, We'd analyzed and interpreted the work environment survey, the turnover rates data of three consecutives years (2016,2017 and 2018), the employees exit surveys and an interview to the Human Management leader. With this information, the principals dissatisfaction factors that impact the voluntary turnover rate of the company were identified and, considering the theoretical framework developed, a talent retention plan has been prepared, that contain various strategies to apply. In this way, it will be posible to contribute to the improvement of the voluntary turnover rate in the organization. / Trabajo de investigación

Digitalization is an inevitable part of working life as well as life in general. At the same time, the leader is an important part of a business where they can act as an influential and engaging role.  The purpose of this essay is to look into the correlation between, leadership and digitalization. Moreover, what the effects are on businesses if digitalization projects are implemented and more so what the effects are if those projects are implemented in an unprepared organization. The method that formed the basis of the essay is of a qualitative approach as well as an abductive approach. Nine informants were interviewed and gave their own perspective on, and experience of, digitalization. Results, that have been obtained through studies, show that leadership has an effect on digitalisation which can be contributed to communication, environment and employees’ engagement. Leadership is the foundation of successful digitalisation and successful digitalisations in certain areas leads to, improvement of Leadership opportunities Conclusions that can be drawn from the results are that leadership’s commitment, involvement and communication is perceived to be important in creating a pleasant working environment, satisfied employees and a well-functioning business. The leader role has been determined to play an important part in various areas of a business and particularly when implementing digitalization.

This thesis deals with interpersonal relationships at a workplace. Its aim is to analyze the interrelationships of the selected company and map out subjective interpretations in the terms of employee relations. For these purposes the author uses interviewing techniques through interviews and observations, and based on their findings, she draws conclusions relating to both horizontal and vertical level relationships in the organization. The author formulates a positive and negative form of relationship through testimonies of respondents. She finds the differences between people preferring formal or informal dimension of the employment relationship, and at the same time she reveals several kinds of different strategies that people use in an effort of harmonious getting on at the workplace, both in the terms of prevention of bad relations and in connection with the intervention and the solution of the situation that has been problematic. The results show how "good" and "bad" relationships at the workplace are perceived through the eyes of respondents, nevertheless what is not confirmed, is the presumption that the negative form of relations will be most often represented by mobbing or sexual harassment at the workplace. Among respondents there is the concept of bad relationships linked primarily to...

I byggbranschen är planering en viktig del för att säkert och effektivt genomföra byggnads- och anläggningsarbeten. En form av planeringsverktyg är arbetsberedning. Med en arbetsberedning görs det analyser på enskilda arbetsmoment, med målet att genomföra arbetet inom rätt tid, ekonomi, kvalitet och bra arbetsmiljö.Syftet med denna rapport är, ur ett arbetsmiljöperspektiv, att kartlägga hur NCC:s arbetsberedningar fungerar i dagsläget, med målet att ge förbättringsförslag. Detta sker genom intervjuer och enkätundersökningar på personalen på NCC.Resultatet visar att personalen på NCC ser arbetsberedningar som ett bra hjälpmedel för att förbättra arbetsmiljön. Däremot finns det brister i dagens arbetssätt kring arbetsberedningar som bör förbättras. Vi rekommenderar NCC att förbättra sitt arbete kring planering, genomförandet och uppföljning av arbetsberedningar. Våra egna förbättringsförslag finns att läsa om under avsnitt ”Rekommendationer”. / To safely and effectively carry through within the construction industry, planning plays an important part. Work preparation is one form of planning. When using the model of work preparations, one analyzes the specific work preparation with the intent and goal to carry through the labor within the beforehand estimated time, budget and quality, while still maintaining satisfying work environment.The aim of this paper is to, from a perspective of work environment, map out how NCC: s work preparations function today. The goal is to provide suggestions for improvement. This can be done by performing interviews and surveys on the NCC employees.The results indicate that the staff of NCC see work preparation as a helping aid in improving work environment. However, there are also shortcomings in the way work preparations are done at NCC, and these could be improved. We therefore recommend NCC to make improvements in the planning, realization and the follow-up phase when setting up a work preparation. Our suggestions for improvement can be found under “recommendations”.