本論文研究主要關注於，黃宗羲如何在肯定理性的待發展性下，就理性的自我發展，建立一套道德哲學。 首先第一章緒論，先敘述研究之背景目的、文獻評述，擬定之研究方法及進行步驟、預期研究成果。對於黃宗羲，首在去除形上學預設對人的限制。就人在活動中的自主性、發展性，建立一套個人道德養成與推動現實理想化，密不可分的道德體系。筆者將於第二到第六章在此體系下，分別就不同脈絡的個個問題探討其哲學之建構。 第二章：黃宗羲在作品中屢稱己意在承繼劉蕺山，但單憑於此，尚難斷定黃宗羲的哲學思想是承繼劉蕺山。尤其是黃宗羲對人物思想評論，間有與劉蕺山不同之處，而當今學界，更是在黃宗羲與劉蕺山思想定位上，存在著歧異。此歧異牽涉資料援引問題，本章目的乃就當今學術界研究歧異先做一回應。首重原典的掌握，並進行對各家看法加以檢視考據。根據原典呈現，將兩者定位，並就黃宗羲對劉蕺山承繼與發展，來看黃宗羲哲學所關注的焦點。 第三章：針對於黃宗羲理論歧見最多的氣學定位，個人認為應分成兩面向來看。一是黃宗羲對天道之堅持，二是其重氣的理氣觀。而關於此兩面向，有待就黃宗羲理氣、心性與道德關係角度作說明。 第四章：論述黃宗羲哲學是心學也是氣學，就氣流行方式，認為人滯於私為惡，故必須從（1）現實無法使人成善？（2）人何以有一不依經驗的道德性？（3）此道德性如何引導人在現實成善？此三個問題做討論。本章並就理氣與心性論、工夫論之間關係，解釋人道德呈現差異與人文化成。 第五章：本章延續第四章問題論「性」的呈現，由道德意志貫徹於氣化實踐，使「性」以成其全，並論主體擴充之工夫內容。 第六章：黃宗羲認為個人的道德養成，與儒家道德世界在現實中完成乃是密不可分，因此儒家思想在社會建立社會規範，在肯定理性的待發展性下，就理性的自我發展，完成以儒家思想建立公共的規範。 最後，本論文將總結討論黃宗羲建構之哲學思想，能否真正取代陽明心學，以及其哲學的可能發展。 / This thesis mainly focuses on how Huang Zongxi （黃宗羲）established a set of moral philosophy on the basis of affirmative rational development. The first chapter of the introduction, describes the background purpose of research, literature review, the proposed research methods and measures and the expected results. Huang Zongxi, aims for removing metaphysical restrictions on human . Based on the autonomy and development of human in activities, he establishes a set of moral system in which not only personal morality can be fostered but also promotes the idealization of reality. Under this system,from the second to the sixth chapters, I will discuss the construction of his philosophy on the various contexts respectively . The second chapter discusses thatalthough Huang Zongxi repeatedly claimed that he is willing to inheritLiu Jishan (劉蕺山）in his works, it is insufficient to conclude that Huang Zongxi's philosophical thinking is indeed so.In particular, Huang Zongxi's comments on the character thought were different from that of Liu Jieshan. In today's academic world, there is disagreement betweenthe philosophical points of Huang Zongxi and Liu Jishan. The primary purpose of this chapter is to respond to the current academic disagreement which resulted from data-citing problem. Focusing on the original texts, examined the views of various critics. The two would be positioned based on the original texts. Viewing the focus of Huang Zongxi's philosophy which was based on his inheritance and development of Liu Jieshan. The third chapterconcentrates on the controversial issue about the theory of qi (氣) in Huang Zongxi’ philosophy,which should be regarded as two aspects. One is Huang Zongxi 's adherence to the tiandao (天道), the other is his emphasizing of the value of qi (氣). I would illustrated the two aspects by the discussions of the relationships of Huang Zongxi's li-qi (理氣）andxin-xing (心性）inmoral system. The fourth chapter discusses that Huang Zongxi’s philosophy is not only xin xue (心學), but also qi xue (氣學). By the way qi move, human who stagnant self-interest, become evil. Therefore it must be debated on three questions as below ：(1) Can the reality not make thepeople good? (2) Why do people have a morality that does not depend on experience? (3) How does this morality lead people to be good at reality? This chapter also explains the difference between human morality and human culture by the relationship between the theory of qi, the theory of the xin and thetheory of cultivation . In the chapter five, I continue to discuss the presentation of "xing" . Since the morality is carried out by qi’s realization, to complete xing ,and discusses the content of cultivation by the expansion of the subject. In the sixth chapter, according to Huang Zong-xi’s view , the Confucian moral world in reality, which is closely linked with the individual's moral cultivation. Therefore,Confucianism will to establish a social norms in society. Under affirmative rational development, the public norms established by Confucianism willbe completed by self-realization. Finally, I will summarize that whether Huang Zongxi's philosophy can truly replace Yangmingism (陽明心學）and the possibledevelopment of Huang’s philosophy.

Sylvia Plath’s poetry continues to receive considerable attention from a variety of groups and has been the target for such diverse critical approaches as Feminism, Ecocriticism, and Marxism, to name but a few. My paper focuses on a less investigated area of her poems: Space, and more specifically uncanny space in her later poetry. Here, I take a closer look at seven of her poems using as my preferred methods deconstruction and psychoanalytical theory.

The purpose of this study is to research the music of Geonyong Lee (이건용), one of the most recognized active Korean composers, while determining Lee's intent to compose with influences from both Western and traditional Korean music. This paper analyses Lee's violin works Rhapsody for Piano and Violin and Heoten Garak, and explains the cultural and historical significance surrounding both works in terms of traditional Korean music. Lee asserts that his primary influence Rhapsody for Piano and Violin was Nongac (농악), a traditional form of Korean farming music. Similarly, Heoten Garak displays a distinct influence of traditional Korean music genres, Heoten Garak and Pansori. By analyzing Geonyong Lee's compositional style and approach to the violin, one learns how his musical philosophies combine Western and traditional Korean music practices into a unique compositional approach. The study concludes by summarizing not only Western and traditional Korean style as evident in his music, but also the conceptual approach by which the composer attempts to bring a unique combination of these influences to his audience.

Geonyong Lee, the composer of Mass for AILM, is a well-known composer in Asia whose main interest lies in choral music. He has composed numerous choral works which are highly diverse in their nature. This study introduces the choral composer Geonyong Lee to the West. The significance of Geonyong Lee's Mass for AILM is the display of Asian inflection in a traditional setting of the mass ordinary. Lee's Mass for AILM employs melodic and rhythmic aspects of traditional Philippine folk songs, a Japanese mode, traditional Korean music, and various Asian percussion instruments. This study explicates these Asian influences and how Lee utilized them in his Mass for AILM.

In this thesis, I present a translation of Yun-T’aek Yi’s Faust in Blue Jeans accompanied by an introduction discussing my decision making process. Yun-T’aek Yi’s eighth play for the theater, Ch’ŏngbajirŭl ibŭn p’ausŭt’ŭ, is a Korean adaptation of Wolfgang von Goethe’s Faust, set in twentieth-century Korea with contemporary Korean characters. Given the English title Faust in Blue Jeans, I consider this text for purposes of a staged performance and point out the difficulties in the replacement of one culture by another, especially in consideration of my personal situation as a Korean born translator living in the United States. I discuss strategies and choices in translation with reference to scholarly works in the fields of translation studies and dramaturgy. I also offer a glimpse into my translation process by attaching a literal crib of the opening act, a preliminary step taken before further shaping the translation for the stage, and a graph comparing my first draft to its revision after a staged reading. Often referred to as a “cultural guerilla” in South Korea for his active work as playwright, producer, writer, and poet, Yun-T’aek Yi colorfully portrays South Korean society and culture of the eighties in this play and I strove to preserve the dynamicism and vitality of the original. The playwright’s foreword, in which he discusses his reasons for creating an adaptation of Goethe’s work, and a brief excerpt on the motif and summary of the play as told by the South Korean playwright have also been translated.

Überkopfsportler*innen führen häufige Wurf- und Schlagbewegungen über Kopf bzw. der Horizontallinie aus und sind hohen Risiken für Verletzungen der Schultergelenke ausgesetzt. Die Identifikation von Risikofaktoren und adäquate Diagnostik sind für die Entwicklung gezielter präventiver und therapeutischer Interventionen essentiell. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf ab, Risikofaktoren für überlastungsbedingte Schulterbeschwerden bei Überkopfsportler*innen zu identifizieren sowie diagnostische Möglichkeiten zu erweitern und zu optimieren. Die Ergebnisse sollen Rückschlüsse auf grundlegende Verletzungsmechanismen der Schulter bei Überkopfsportler*innen liefern und zur Entwicklung und Verbesserung präventiver und therapeutischer Maßnahmen beitragen. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurde der Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score, ein Fragebogen zur patientenbezogenen Erfassung der Funktionsfähigkeit von Schulter und Ellenbogen bei Überkopfsportler*innen, ins Deutsche übersetzt, kulturell adaptiert und validiert. Des Weiteren wurden methodische Aspekte der ultraschallgestützten Untersuchung des subakromialen Raumes mittels der akromiohumeralen Distanz (AHD) untersucht, wobei die untersuchten Auswertemethoden eine ausgezeichnete Reliabilität aufwiesen. Darüber hinaus konnten Einflussfaktoren auf die AHD-Messung ermittelt werden, wobei eine erhöhte Aktivität der Schultermuskulatur zu größeren AHD-Reduktionen bei der Schulterabduktion führte. Außerdem zeigten sich kurzfristige Effekte handballspezifischer Belastung im Sinne einer Verringerung der AHD, welche durch Schulterabduktion sowie einer geringen Abduktionskraft verstärkt wurde und somit das Risiko für Schulterverletzungen erhöhen kann. Diese Arbeit liefert relevante Erkenntnisse über Risikofaktoren von Schulterverletzungen bei Überkopfsportler*innen und Einflussfaktoren der ultraschallgestützten AHD-Messung. Außerdem entstand der erste deutsche validierte Fragebogen für Überkopfsportler*innen. / Overhead athletes who perform frequent overhead throwing and striking movements as part of their sport-specific motions are at high risk for both acute and chronic overuse-related injuries of the shoulder joints. In order to develop specific therapeutic interventions and preventative measures, individualized diagnosis and risk factor identification are essential. The present work aims to identify risk factors for overuse-related shoulder symptoms in overhead athletes and to expand and optimize diagnostic capabilities. The results provide conclusions on basic injury mechanisms of the shoulder in overhead athletes and contribute to the development and improvement of preventive and therapeutic measures. In this dissertation, the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score, a questionnaire for patient-related assessment of functional capacity of the shoulder and elbow in overhead athletes, was translated into German, culturally adapted, and validated. Furthermore, methodological aspects of acromiohumeral distance (AHD) acquisition using diagnostic ultrasound were investigated. The optimal evaluation method of the AHD measurement showed excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Factors affecting the AHD measurement were also identified, with increased shoulder muscle activity resulting in greater AHD reductions in shoulder abduction. In addition, short-term effects of handball-specific loading on AHD were assessed. In response to loading, AHD decreased, with shoulder abduction enhancing this mechanism. Low abduction strength had a negative effect on AHD maintenance, which may increase the risk of shoulder injury. This work provides relevant knowledge about risk factors of shoulder injuries in overhead athletes as well as influencing factors in AHD measurement using ultrasonography. In addition, the first German validated questionnaire specifically tailored for the group of overhead athletes was developed.

Young Ja Lee (b. 1931) is regarded as one of the most important living female composers in Korea. She leads and contributes to the Korean classical music society as a gifted composer and a dedicated educator. This study focuses on how she has combined Western compositional techniques with elements of Eastern traditional music in some of her compositions, in particular, her Variations pour piano "Umma ya, Nuna ya." An interpretation of her Variations pour piano "Umma ya, Nuna ya" reveals that the composition features many of the particular and sublime aspects of Western compositional techniques in conjunction with traditional Korean music style. This study is an investigation of the interaction and assimilation of these disparate elements. The results of this study may inspire further research into traditional Korean music and bring recognition to important Korean composers, as well as encourage music educators to teach Korean composers' compositions.

No description available.

Fragestellung: Es wird untersucht, ob die isolierte hypertherme Extremitätenperfusion (ILP) mit TNF-alpha und Melphalan eine akute systemische inflammatorische Reaktion (SIRS) auslöst. Weiterhin soll der Einfluß von zwei verschiedenen total intravenösen Narkoseverfahren sowie der Zusammenhang der unabhängig voneinander bestimmten Meßgrößen Herzindex/Sauerstoffverbrauchsindex (HI/VO2I) und Sauerstoffverbrauchsindex/Sauerstoffangebotsindex (VO2I/DO2I) beim Entstehen eines SIRS analysiert werden. Methodik: 73 Patienten, die sich einer ILP mit TNF-alpha und Melphalan in Allgemeinanästhesie unterzogen, wurden in diese klinische, retrospektive Untersuchung eingeschlossen. Ein erweitertes kardiopulmonales Monitoring, bestehend aus kontinuierlicher Thermodilution, kontinuierlicher indirekter Kalorimetrie, invasiver Blutdruckmessung sowie arterieller und gemischtvenöser Blutgasanalysen ermöglichte die Analyse von hämodynamischen, metabolischen und gasanalytischen Parametern an 8 definierten Zeitpunkten im Verlauf der ILP mit TNF-alpha und Melphalan. 21 Patienten erhielten eine Narkose mit Etomidate/Midazolam/Sufentanil/Pancuroniumbromid (N1), und bei 52 Patienten wurde die Narkose mit Propofol/Remifentanil/Cis-Atracurium (N2) durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Während der ILP mit TNF-alpha und Melphalan kam es bei folgenden Parametern zu signifikanten Veränderungen in der systemischen Reperfusionsphase gegenüber den Ausgangswerten vor der extrakorporalen Zirkulation: Herzfrequenz, Herzindex, Temperatur, Gesamtsauerstoffaufnahme, pulmonale Sauerstoffaufnahme, Sauerstoffangebot, systemischer Gefäßwiderstand, pulmonalarterieller Mitteldruck, kardiale Füllungsdrücke, gemischtvenöser Kohlendioxid- und Sauerstoffpartialdruck, arterieller Kohlendioxid- und Sauerstoffpartialdruck, gemischtvenöse Sauerstoffsättigung, arterieller und gemischtvenöser Sauerstoffgehalt sowie arterieller pH- und Laktatwert. Bezüglich der Narkoseverfahren zeigte die Narkose N2 versus N1 signifikant geringere Herzfrequenzen und Herzindices, sowie signifikant erhöhte pulmonalarterielle Mitteldrücke, pulmonale und systemische Gefäßwiderstände. Die Korrelationen von HI/VO2I und VO2I/DO2I sind in der prä-Bypass-Phase gering, nehmen im Verlauf der ILP zu und erreichen zum Zeitpunkt der systemischen Reperfusion jeweils ihren Maximalwert. Schlußfolgerungen: Die ILP mit TNF-alpha und Melphalan kann als dynamisches in-vivo Modell für das Entstehen einer SIRS-Reaktion aufgefaßt werden. Die inflammatorische Antwort ist in ihrem Ausmaß eher gering und erreicht nach Aufhebung der extrakorporalen Zirkulation mit systemischer Reperfusion der behandelten Extremität ihr Maximum. Die Überwachung der Teilkreisläufe, ein erweitertes hämodynamisches Monitoring sowie forcierte intravenöse Volumentherapie in der Reperfusionsphase lassen dieses Behandlungsverfahren für die Patienten in Allgemeinanästhesie sicher erscheinen. Beide beschriebenen Narkoseverfahren sind für diese operative Therapie geeignet. Der Zusammenhang von HI/VO2I sowie VO2I/DO2I ist im Verlauf der ILP gering, kann sich aber mit Zunahme der inflammatorischen Reaktion verstärken. / objective: To determine whether the isolated hyperthermic limb perfusion (ILP) with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and melphalan causes an acute systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)? Also analysed will be the influence of two total intravenous anaesthesias and the correlation of independent measured values cardiac index/oxygen consumption index (HI/VO2I) and oxygen consumption index/oxygen delivery index (VO2I/DO2I). design: Retrospective review of hemodynamic, metabolic and blood gas values from 73 patients, undervented isolated hyperthermic limb perfusion of leg with TNF-alpha and Melphalan in general anaesthesia. methods: Cardiopulmonary monitoring consisted of continuous thermodilution, continuous calorimetry, arterial pressure and arterial as well as admixed blood-gas analyses. Values were measured on 8 time points in the course of ILP. In 21 patients anaesthesia was carried out with drug-combination of Etomidate/Midazolam/Sufentanil/Pancuroniumbromid (N1), and 52 patients were given anaesthesia with Propofol/Remifentanil/Cis-atracurium (N2). results: The following values changed significantly after limb-reperfusion compared with the baseline: heart rate, cardiac index, temperature, oxygen consumption, pulmonary oxygen consumption, oxygen delivery, systemic vascular resistance, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, precardial pressures, admixed carbon dioxide pressure, admixed oxygen pressure, arterial carbon dioxide pressure, arterial oxygen pressure, admixed oxygen saturation, arterial and admixed oxygen content as well as arterial pH- and lactat. conclusions: The isolated hyperthermic limb perfusion with TNF-alpha and melphalan may be used as a dynamic in-vivo model for the development of an SIRS. The inflammatory response is slight and reached the maximum after reperfusion of treated limb. Monitoring of the two circulations, extended cardiopulmonary monitoring and intravenous volumetherapie in the reperfusion time makes this cancer treatment in general anaesthesia safe. Both anaesthesia are suitable. The correlations of HI/VO2I as well as VO2I/DO2I are low in the beginning and rise with the increase of the inflammatory response.

本文共分為九章，三十節。首先點出《東坡易傳》的哲學義理概要及其研究價值，由當時時代背景探究《東坡易傳》興起之源由，進而討論時代背景，瞭解其政治因素對學術思想的影響，從三蘇的思想流變到洛蜀黨爭等。 本論文涉及面向包括《東坡易傳》的架構及其內涵、特色，分析蘇軾在《東坡易傳》對〈序卦〉的強調以及對〈雜卦〉的修訂，在《東坡易傳》的思想內涵，討論其儒、道、佛貫穿其中之思想特色，並做一綜述性的小結。而後針對《東坡易傳》卦爻的解釋方法闡述。在五、六、七章分別討論探討《東坡易傳》的宇宙觀、價值觀以及美學三大方面，可以說這三大方面為哲學探討的核心問題，所在這三個章節裡面，分別以宇宙觀、價值觀及美學為主軸，探討幾個重要的觀念。宇宙觀的部分包括其形上思想及「道」，分別論述幾個形上概念在卦爻中出現的情況以及其義理的分析。第六章的價值論即是指中國人所注重的傳統人倫，包括人生哲學、社群生活、家庭、社會、國家等等，本章亦是提出幾個概念作為一主軸思考深入探析，從其心性問題進而討論宋儒注重的性命問題。在價值觀的部分首先會說明宋以前的心性說，然後由蘇軾對前代學者的批評發現其中心思想，批評之後在進而說明《東坡易傳》對「性」論觀點，在美學的部分，第七章乃由《東坡易傳》發現蘇軾這樣一個文學氣質蓋天下的大家，敢批評吳道子，善為文人畫、書法自成一格，為北宋四大家之一，知音律、曉醫藥，堪稱吾所不學無所不能無所不見，對美學思想的把握及闡發。此三個章節的預期效果是希望由宇宙觀、價值觀到美學之間的環節，探討《東坡易傳》對生活世界、對天下萬物的一種生生不息的態度。 最後以時代點來作為一檢視標準，將蘇軾的觀點與宋代的同時代的學者比較，例如程頤以及南宋的朱熹，並由其中分歧之處作交互評論，藉以發揮了解其不同的涵義。本論文展望性之角度重新審視《東坡易傳》，一方面探究《東坡易傳》思想的內在困難與種種問題、一方面總結《東坡易傳》的特色與影響，另一方面討論的是《東坡易傳》之發展及其後世價值。