Denna uppsats handlar om föräldrar till barn som vårdas enligt 2 § LVU och syftade till att undersöka hur socialtjänsten konstruerar föräldrar i de utredningar som skrivs vid begäran om vårdens upphörande enligt 21 § LVU. Syftet var även att undersöka hur dessa konstruktioner kan förstås i relation till principen om barnets bästa. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av sju utredningar har gjorts, vilket resulterat i att olika teman kring hur föräldrar konstrueras har identifierats. Vi har även kunnat urskilja att konstruktioner skapas på ett flertal olika sätt. De teman som identifierats är Arbetsallians, Förmåga/oförmåga, Barnperspektiv, Våld samt Riskfaktorer kring föräldrarna. De två första temana av hur föräldrarna konstrueras relaterar till huruvida de har lyckats förändra de aspekter som föranledde omhändertagandet av barnen, eller om brister fortfarande föreligger. Dessa två teman kan förstås utifrån syftet med utredningarna, som är att utreda om en förändring har skett eller ej.  I resterande tre teman, barnperspektiv, våld samt riskfaktorer kring föräldrarna, konstrueras föräldrarna snarare utifrån beskrivningar av deras karaktär, relaterat till deras bakgrund och sätt att vara. Denna typ av konstruktioner och sätt att beskriva föräldrarna relaterar inte direkt till syftet med utredningarna, utan kan istället förstås som ett sätt för socialtjänsten att framhålla varför en hemflytt eventuellt inte vore förenligt med barnets bästa. Vi konstaterar därtill att föräldrars arbetsallians konstrueras som något som kan förändras eller förbättras, medan föräldrars karaktär och förmåga/oförmåga ofta konstrueras som mer statiska förhållanden.

The legislation should be gender neutral, and should not have a gender bias, but it does happen that the court takes decisions based on gender stereotypes and norms. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if there are any gender constructions in the Care of Young Persons Ac, to highlight these possible differences between how boys and girls get judged according to article 3 in the law and also on what grounds the girls and boys are taken into custody. The thesis is based on 28 judgements from the Administrative court of appeal in Sweden. The first question that is answered in the thesis is how girls and boys are represented or written about in the judgements regarding article 3 in the Care of Young Persons Act. The second question that is answered is on what grounds these children are taken into compulsory care and if these grounds differ on the basis of gender. Gender theory is the theoretical framework in this thesis and is applied on the judgements. The results in this thesis show that there are certain differences between how boys and girls are judged according to article 3 in the Care of Young Persons Act. The analysis of the 28 judgements show that the differences can be that girls are taken into compulsory care based on descriptions of their sexuality. Their mental illnesses and emotions are more highlighted in the judgements. The results found that there are more boys taken into compulsory care and they are more involved in criminality and have violent behaviour and a heavier drug addiction compared to the girls. The gender differences could mostly be seen in statements made by the social welfare board in the judgements and in some statements made by the Administrative court of appeal when they described the “vagabonding” lifestyle of the girls.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur förvaltningsrätten resonerar kring barns behov när bedömning görs att vården enligt 21 § LVU (SFS 1990:52) inte kan upphöra. Studiens teoretiska ramverk bestod av socialekologisk systemteori, och barns behov användes som ett analytiskt verktyg. Studiens design var en kvalitativ dokumentstudie med abduktiv ansats. Materialet bestod av tjugotre domar från en förvaltningsrätt i Mellansverige som berörde prövning av möjlighet till upphörande av vård enligt LVU. Data har analyserats med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och resultatet visar sju subkategorier insorterade under följande huvudkategorier; ”barnets utveckling”, ”familj och miljö” samt ”föräldrarnas förmåga”. Studien visar att förvaltningsrätten resonerar kring barns behov utifrån att barnets utveckling kan påverkas negativt av föräldrarnas oförmåga att tillgodose barnets behov, samt utifrån att det inte skett tillräckliga förändringar i barnets miljö. / The purpose of the study was to examine the administrative court’s reasoning regarding children’s needs when care under 21 § the Swedish Care of Young Persons (Special Provisions) Act (SFS 1990: 52) is not revoked. Social Ecological systems theory constituted the theoretical framework while children’s needs was used as an analytical tool. The design was a qualitative document study with an abductive approach. Twentythree court orders were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis and the results show seven subcategories sorted under the following three main categories; "The child’s development", "family and environment" and "parent’s ability". The study shows that the court's reasons are based on the fact that the child’s development can be negatively affected by parent’s inability to meet the child’s needs and that there have not been sufficient changes in the child’s environment.

Esmeralda, som även kom att kallas ”lilla hjärtat”, påträffades avliden hos sina biologiskaföräldrar kort efter att vården av henne enligt LVU upphörde. Som ett resultat av Esmeraldastragiska öde presenterades reformen lex lilla hjärtat, vilken resulterade i flertal lagändringarsom trädde i kraft den 1 juli 2022. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka om och i sådant fall ivilken utsträckning lex lilla hjärtat har fått betydelse för rättstillämpningen. Studien hargenomförts med hjälp av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och med dokument i form av domarsom behandlar upphörandet av vård av unga enligt LVU 2 § som datainsamlingsmetod.Domarna valdes ut genom ett målstyrt urval och bearbetades genom en tematisk analys. Deteoretiska utgångspunkter som använts i studien är rättssociologi, socialkonstruktivism ochbarndomssociologi. Resultatet från studien visar att lex lilla hjärtat har fått betydelse förrättstillämpningen, dock inte i tillräcklig utsträckning med hänsyn till förväntade effekter.Inledningsvis har det konstaterats att lex lilla hjärtat har medfört aktualiserade krav vidupphörande av vård enligt LVU 2 §. Fortsättningsvis har barnrätten fått en förstärkningmedan beaktandet av föräldrarnas intresse snarare har försvagats. Däremot visar studien attdet fortsatt föreligger brister i hänsynstagandet som görs till principen om barnets bästa samtbarnets perspektiv. / Esmeralda, also called “lilla hjärtat” was found dead at her biological parents house shortlyafter the care of her under the Care of Young Persons Act, ended. As a result of Esmeralda'stragic fate the reform “lex lilla hjärtat” was presented. This led to several changes in the lawthat came into effect on July 1 2022. The purpose of this study is to examine whether and towhat extent “lex lilla hjärtat” has had an impact on the application of law. This study hasbeen based on a qualitative method with documents consisting of verdicts that process thetermination of the care of young persons act, as the data collection method. The verdicts wereselected through a purposive selection and processed with a thematic analysis. The theoreticalperspective that has been used in this study is sociology of laws, social constructivism andchildhood sociology. The result of the study show that “lex lilla hjärtat” has had an impact onthe application of law, although not the expected level of impact. First of all, “lex lillahjärtat” has resulted in higher requirements regarding the termination of the care of youngpersons act. Furthermore the children's rights have been strengthened while the parents'interests have gotten a weakened position. However, this study shows that there is still a lackof consideration to the principle of the best interest of the child and the child's perspective.

No description available.

This essay has examined how the administrative courts evaluate boys and girls in relation to the Swedish Care of Young Persons (Special Provisions) Act (1990:52). This was examined using a qualitative social constructionist comparative design and analyzed using Fairclough's critical discourse analysis, gender theory and Foucault’s theory of power. The findings have demonstrated that gender-based disparities exist in court rulings. Girls are frequently viewed as victims, and their behavior is often associated with their sexuality, with the latter being used as a justification for risk assessment. By contrast, the presumptions that connect boys’ actions to their mindset and compulsion for destructiveness are used to evaluate them. In comparison to girls, boys exhibit a higher degree of normalization and acceptance of anti-social behavior. The study's findings demonstrate that there are indications that the courts do not treat boys and girls equally, and as a result, not everyone is treated equally. The study encourages further studies on the subject to demonstrate and amend current gender-biased legal systems. / Uppsatsen har undersökt hur Förvaltningsdomstolar bedömer pojkar och flickor som är aktuella för 3 § Lagen om vård av unga (1990:52), LVU. Detta har gjorts med en kvalitativ jämförande design och analyserats med Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys, Foucaults maktteori och genusteori med en utgångspunkt från socialkonstruktionismen. Resultatet visar att genusskillnader finns i förvaltningsrättens domskäl. Flickor tenderar att betraktas som offer och deras beteende kopplas ihop med deras sexualitet där sexualiteten används som ett argument vid fastställandet av risk för den unge. Pojkarna bedöms i stället utifrån andra premisser där deras beteenden kopplas ihop med deras inställning och deras motståndskraft mot destruktivitet. Normbrytande beteenden normaliseras och accepteras i högre grad hos pojkarna än hos flickorna. Studiens resultat visar att det finns indikationer på att domstolarna inte behandlar flickor och pojkar på samma sätt och därmed bedöms olika. Undersökningen uppmanar till fortsatta studier om ämnet för att påvisa och förändra nuvarande genusbundna rättssystem.

<p><p><p>This thesis has focused on specific aspects of the law concerning the 2nd paragraph of The Care of Young Persons Act (1990:52), LVU. The purpose of this study was to examine the provision <em>other circumstance in the home </em>from a legal perspective; how is the provision defined in the law? A second purpose was to reveal any discrepancy between the intention of the legislation of the already mentioned provision and how this provision was interpreted and applied in practice. This study was jurisprudential and based on both traditional juristic method and sociological methods with qualitative interviews with social workers and text analysis of a case from The County Administrative Court. The gathered information was analysed using a method of discourse analysis. The theoretical framework for this thesis was social constructionism based upon the work of Berger and Luckmann. The conclusion of this study was that the provision <em>other circumstance in the home </em>is connected to the role of the mother though this is not noticed through the legislation. Another conclusion was that the practice considers the legal demand to anticipate as unattainable. The interpretation and application of the provision made by the practice, compared with the intention of the legislation, was representing both an expand and restriction of the provision.</p></p></p>

In light of Sweden ratifying the United Nations Convention on the rights of the child, Swedish law supports the right for children to express their opinions and have their voice heard in situations concerning them. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of young people’s participation, by investigating how young people’s opinions and attitudes are taken into account in decision making concerning the lack of care shown in 2§ The Compulsory Care of Young Persons Act (1990:52). To explore this subject, this study was based on the textual analysis of 16 court cases from the administrative court from the year 2016, concerning young people aged between 15-18 years old. We found that young people’s opinions and attitudes are generally taken into account in the process of compulsory care. Our results indicate that young people’s opinions and attitudes are taken into account to a higher extent in the whole legal process when the decision of the administrative court corresponds with the young person’s opinion and attitude. In cases where the court’s decision did not correspond with the young person’s opinion and attitude, the opinions and attitudes of children were taken into account to a lesser degree. Our analysis has shown, according to the Ladder of Participation, that all young people can be seen as participators in the process of compulsory care. However, children’s participation is a complex phenomenon and additional research is needed to unpack this subject further.

<p>This paper has focused on specific aspects of the law concerning the 3rd paragraph of The Care of Young Persons Act (1990:52), LVU. The purpose of this study was to examine the prerequisite <em>other social destructive behaviour</em> in four cases where youths has been under compulsory institutional care because of their computer gaming. The study was composed on a legal dogmatic method and a legal sociologist perspective. The legal dogmatic method implies to examine the law and its elaboration, the legal sociologist perspective focus on the consequences and causes of the court of law. The study shows that problematic computer gaming is an increasing problem in society and that <em>other social destructive behaviour</em> is a wide prerequisite that need new amendment in order to ensure citizens certainty.</p>

This paper has focused on specific aspects of the law concerning the 3rd paragraph of The Care of Young Persons Act (1990:52), LVU. The purpose of this study was to examine the prerequisite other social destructive behaviour in four cases where youths has been under compulsory institutional care because of their computer gaming. The study was composed on a legal dogmatic method and a legal sociologist perspective. The legal dogmatic method implies to examine the law and its elaboration, the legal sociologist perspective focus on the consequences and causes of the court of law. The study shows that problematic computer gaming is an increasing problem in society and that other social destructive behaviour is a wide prerequisite that need new amendment in order to ensure citizens certainty.