Our purpose with this study was to understand how social welfare board perceive neglect and what they consider are unacceptable flaws in parental capacity. The central focus of the study is located in the assessment of the social welfare boards when they consider that the parental capacity is unacceptable. The study aims to answer the following questions:   How does social welfare board understand neglect? How perceive social welfare board unacceptable parental capacity?   Our study is based on a document analysis of fourteen cases from administrative rulings where social welfare board applied for LVU 1§ 2§ because of flaws in care. We have used hermeneutic interpretation to look at the empirical material. The theoretical framework of the study consists systems theory and Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model with focus on the family as the basic system.   The result we found was that the unacceptable parental capacity consisted of  parental individual problems. Problems we could identify at the parents were mental illness, disability, relationship conflicts, violence and abuse. Social welfare board had payed attention to several types of neglect. We identified moral care, emotional care, physical care and fysical violence.   Our conclusion is that it not only was just one specific problem in the family without that it were several parallel problems which led to that social welfare board consisted that the parental capacity is unacceptable. The study shows that the term neglect is difficult to define and is a interpretation question of the social welfare board to assess whether each boundary goes where the child is considered to fare badly.

Det här är en studie av LVU-domar i Västerbottens län. De studerade domarna utgörs av samtliga LVU-domar i Västerbottens län åren 2013 och 2017. Totalt omfattas studien av 241 domarna avseende 315 barn. Domarna är undersökta utifrån såväl kvantitativ som kvalitativ metod. Den kvantitativa studien visar statistik över domarna och identifierar tolv skiljaktiga domar avseende rekvisiten beredande av vård (§1); omsorgsbrist (§2) samt annat socialt nedbrytande beteende (§3) inom LVU. Den kvalitativa studien av de tolv skiljaktiga domarna har genomförts med innehållsanalys. Den här analysen har identifierat teman och subteman och identifierar skäl och motiveringar till diskrepansen mellan socialnämndens utredning och förvaltningsrättens domskäl. Identifierade teman är barns utsatthet, föräldraförmåga, barnets egna förutsättningar, våld i nära relation, skolan, placering och rättssäkerhet. Studien visar att antalet LVU-ärenden i Västerbottens län har ökat från år 2013 till år 2017. Förändringen åskådliggör en ökning i antalet domar från 96 domar år 2013 till 145 domar år 2017. Resultatet av studien pekar på en komplexitet i riskbedömning gällande barns bästa och barns behov. Utredningar kompliceras av behandlingslogik kontra rättslogik och de subjektiva bedömningar som förvaltningsrätten har att ta ställning till. Ett placeringsbeslut ska vara rättssäkert och grundat i en övertygelse om att beslutet innebär en förbättrad situation för barnet. Resultatet visar även att omgivningsfaktorer såsom skola och NPF-diagnoser kan påverka barns utsatthet och inte enbart på grund av bristande föräldraförmåga eller utifrån barnets eget beteende.

The aim of this study was to learn how the utreseförbud is applied in the Swedish judiciary. The law is one of the preventive measures introduced to protect children from honor-related violence and oppression. Utreseförbudet aims to protect children when there is a substantial risk for the child to be taken abroad for the purpose of entering into a forced marriage or being exposed to female genital mutilation. This study examines how the substantial risk in the law is described by the social welfare board and how the court assesses the substantial risk. The empirical material of the study consists of the 27 judgements made so far, concerning utreseförbudet. The material was examined through a content analysis and analyzed using the central theoretical concepts: honor, control mechanisms to maintain the ideal of virginity and discretion. Based on the results of the study, it emerged that utreseförbud is issued when the social welfare board and the court both have extensive knowledge of honor and when the circumstances described are considered concrete. Finally, it is discussed whether the law should be extended to include all forms of abduction in an honor context.

The purpose of the study is to gain increased knowledge about the vulnerability of boys living in honor-related violence and oppression by examining 2§ LVU (The Compulsory Care of Young Persons Act) of judgments from a gender and power perspective. A qualitative method has been employed to collect data from 15 LVU judgments from administrative courts, between the years 2020-2023. To analyze the empirical data, elements of Foucault's theory of power and Hirdman's gender theory have been utilized. The primary conclusion of the study is that administrative courts and social services interpret honor-related violence and oppression in different ways, and the definition varies across different judgments. Another conclusion is that administrative courts and social services depict the vulnerability of boys in honor-related violence and oppression in various ways, highlighting that boys are subjected to both physical and psychological violence, and the violence may have multiple causes. In conclusion, it is evident that the vulnerability of boys in honor-related violence and oppression should be given more attention to counteract the socialization of honor-related beliefs.

No description available.

A child's best interest is a subject that affects many people, not least in custody battles. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and national legislation in, for example, the Children and Parents Code aims to protect and strengthen children's legal status in society and in custody disputes. Despite this, the number of custody disputes increases and it is the children who are most affected by the parents' conflicts. It is not always easy for the court to determine what is a child's best interest in an objective manner. Often there is a certain degree of subjectivity in the assessment. Many times, different interests, which the court has to decide on, conflict with each other. Through the legal doctrinal method, we have described the source of law and reported the applicable law in relation to the legal provisions relevant to the thesis. We have chosen to start from a recently settled and reported court case to investigate the problem and the complexity of determining the child's best interests when several factors play a role. In the current court case, the joint custody was dissolved and the father was entrusted with sole custody custody even though he was previously convicted of assault by both children and did not meet it for five years, because the mother failed to ensure that the children had had contact with their father and thus committed so-called visitation interference. The Court considered that the risk of children growing up without the right of both their parents weighed heavier than the principle of continuity, which otherwise is strongly rooted in practice. Through this investigation, and particularly by having the opportunity to examine the large volume of documents received from the Court, we have gained a deeper understanding of the Court of Appeal's judgment even though we do not agree with its correctness in all parts. Review dispensation was denied by the Supreme Court, but our personal opinion is that more guidance is needed on the subject for the future. The legislator has proposed how the child's best interests through a legislative amendment should be further strengthened, this by the principle of not only expressing decisions concerning the child but also having an impact on all issues concerning the child in custody purposes.

No description available.

Sammanfattning Elförsörjning är en av samhällets mest vitala funktioner och el förbrukas daligen av konsumenter. För att konsumentens ska kunna elförsörjas krävs det bland annat att denne ingår avtal om köp av el med elhandelsbolaget. Avtalet ålägger konsumenten en betalningsskyldighet för den förbrukade elen. Försummar konsumenten sin betalningsskyldighet kan elhandelsbolaget, i enlighet med 11 kapitlet ellagen och avtalet, vara berättigat att vidta avbrott i elöverföringen. För att rätten till avbrott i elöverföringen ska få vidtas krävs att vissa förutsättningar är uppfyllda. Dessa förutsättningar utgör en del av konsumentskyddet på elmarkanaden och elhandelsbolaget hindras därmed från att hur som helst vidta avbrott i elöverföringen. Detta konsumentskydd består av ett antal förutsättningar och är alla förutsättningar inte uppfyllda får avbrott i elöverföringen inte vidtas. Exempel på när avbrott i elöveföringen inte får vidtas är när socialnämnden åtar sig betalningsansvaret för elskulden. I realiten torde enbart vissa ekonomiskt utsatta konsumenter beröras av bestämmelserna om avbrott i elöverföringen. Därmed torde socialnämndens betalningsåtagande vara avgörande för dennes fortsatta rätt till el. Socialnämnden beviljar enbart ekonomiskt bistånd som sista möjliga utväg. Därmed kommer enbart vissa av de ekonomiskt utsatta konsumenterna att behålla rätten till el medan övriga berövas denna rätt. Elhandelsbolagets rätt till avbrott i elöverföringen tillförsäkras redan genom lag vilket innebär att standardavtalet är överflödigt. Avtalets grundläggande funktion är att kunna garantera att konsumenten betalar. Därmed bör konsumentens betalningsskyldighet lagstadgas. / Abstract Electricity supply is one of society's most vital functions and electricity is daily consumed by consumers. To be supplied with electricity the consumer must enter into a contract agreement with the electricity trading company. The contract imposes the consumer to pay for the consumed electricity. If the consumer neglects to pay the electricity trading compa-ny may be, in accordance with chapter 11 The Electricy Act and the contract, entitled to discontinue the electricity transmission. Before the company terminates the electricity transmission certain conditions must be met. These conditions are part of the consumer protection on the electricity market and consequently the electricity trading company is hindered from taking unfound disconnection. This protection consists of a set of condi-tions and for the disconnection to be justified all of those conditions must be met. An ex-ample of a condition that hinders the electricity company from pursuing disconnection is if the Social Welfare Board agrees to take on the liability for the electricity debt. In reality on-ly some economically vulnerable consumers are going to be affected by the provisions re-garding disconnection of transmission of electricity. In such cases the Social Welfare Boards’ commitment to pay is crucial for the consumers’ right to continuing consuming electricity. The Social Welfare Board grants the financial assistance as a last possible resort. Therefore only some of the most financially vulnerable consumers will be able to retain electricity, while others are deprived of this right. The Electricity Trading Company’s right to disconnect the transmission of electricity is en-sured already by law which means that the contract is superfluous. The Contracts’ basic function is to ensure that the consumer pays. Therefore the consumers’ obligation to pay should in an explicit manner be legislated.

No description available.

With the increase in unaccompanied children in 2015, it has become common to discuss the legal status of unaccompanied children. By the Swedish law persons under the age of 18 are considered to be minors and therefore have no ability to make decisions in personal matters with legally binding effects. A childs case does not always require the same seriousness as adult cases to be able to obtain a residence permit. This leads to at different asylum process for unaccompanied children who lack guardians upon arriving to Sweden. Various assessments are made for unaccompanied children that adults do not need to undergo for a residence permit. Through the legal dogmatic method, an analysis and report has been made in relation to the EU law, current Swedish laws and international commitments that affect unaccompanied childrens rights within Swedish legislation. The courts way of assessing grounds for protection, as well as how these are tried has been analyzed. The concept of unaccompanied children has been defined, but the focus on their rights in Sweden has also been reported. / I samband med ökningen av ensamkommande barn under år 2015 har det blivit ofta förekommande att diskutera ensamkommande barns rättsliga ställning. Personer som är under 18 år betraktas enligt svensk rätt som omyndiga och har därför ingen förmåga att med rättslig bindande verkan fatta beslut i personliga angelägenheter. Ett barns ärende behöver inte alltid ha samma allvar och tyngd som krävs för att vuxna personer ska kunna få uppehållstillstånd vilket leder till en annorlunda asylprocess för ensamkommande barn som saknad vårdnadshavare vid ankomsten till Sverige. Det görs olika bedömningar för ensamkommande barn som vuxna inte behöver genomgå för uppehållstillstånd. Genom den rättsdogmatiska metoden har det gjorts en analys och redogörelse i relation till EU-rätten, gällande svenska lagar och internationella åtaganden som påverkar ensamkommande barns rättigheter inom den svenska lagstiftningen. Domstolarnas sätt att bedöma skyddsgrunder samt hur dessa prövas inför domstolar har bedömts och analyserats. Begreppet ensamkommande barn har definierats men även fokus på deras rättigheter i Sverige har redogjorts.